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Abstract

The polymer most often used for the coagulation process is polyurethane. Nearly all leather substitutes sold in the world consist partially or totally of polyurethanes. Therefore a whole chapter is dedicated to the coagulation of polyurethanes.

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8.1 Coagulation of Polyurethanes Without Additives

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8.2 Coagultion of Polyurethanes and Additional Small Sized Solids

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8.3 Coagulation of Polyurethanes – Addition of Other Polymers

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  12. JA 13 638/71 (Kuraray; 26.1.67/12.4.71)

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  13. JA 30 596/71 (Toyo Rubber Ind.; 10.8.67/6.9.71)

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  14. JA 17 463/72 (Toyo Cloth Co.; 2.7.68/22.5.72)=US 3676206

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  15. JA 73–41 265 (Toray Ind.; 12.6.69/5.12.73)

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  16. JA 02 761/73 (Toray Ind.; 19.3.69/26.1.73)

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  17. OS 2 101 160 (Statni Vyzkumny Ustav Kozedny; E Muck et al.; 12.1.711 23.9.71; CZ Prior.5.3.70)

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  18. OS 2 030 703 (DuPont; WA Hare et al.; 22.6.70/14.1.71; US Prior. 23.6.69)

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  19. OS 1 936 073 (Glanzstoff AG; G Seibert et al.; 16.7.69/25.2.71)

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  20. DDR 60 281 (Ceskoslov. Zavody Gumarenske & Plastikarske; G Holcik; 3.4.67/20.2.68; CZ Prior. 13.4.67)

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  21. JA 18 236–38/65 (Toyo Cloth Co.; 17.7.62 +23.10.62+18.5.63/17.8.65)

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  22. GB 1 091 935 (Toyo Gomu KK; 22.3.65/22.11.67; JA Prior. 21.3.64)=OS 1 469 576

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  23. OS 1 619 305 (Toyo Rubber Ind.; 11.11.67/1O.9.70; JA Prior. 12.11.66)=GB 1 179 756=FR 1 557 046=DDR 66 163

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  24. JA 01 036/72 (Toyo Rubber Chem Ind.; 5.12.67/12.1.72)

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  25. OS 1 694 252 (Bayer AG; H Traubel et al.; 8.3.68/12.8.71)

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  26. JA 949/69 (Kurashiki Rayon; 4.12.64/17.1.69)

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  27. JA 57 038 833 (Dainippon Ink Chem. KK; 19.8.80/3.3.82)

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  28. JA 54 127 499 (Toyobo KK; 27.3.78/3.10.79 (35 783))

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  29. DOS 1669 829 (Ceskoslov. Zavody Gumarenske & Plastikarske; F Hadobas, C Holcik, Z Janek; 20.2.67/23.10.69; CZ Prior. 17.3.66)

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  30. US 3 551 830 (DuPont; GR Hodge, AV Patsis; 22.10.68/15.2.72)=GB 1 242 640

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  31. JA 58 098 480 (Komatsu Seiren KK; 3.12.81/11.5.83)=JA 81–193 739

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  32. JA 59 059 735 (Mitsubishi Rayon KK; 30.9.82/5.4.84)=JA 82–171184

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  33. DOS 3 200 942 (H von Blücher et al.; 14.1.82/21.7.83)

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  34. US 4 707 00 (Burlington Ind. Inc.; DR Towery; 3.9.86/17.11.87)=US 86–903 130;WO 88–01570 (Burlington Ind. Inc.; DR Towery, BR. Hill et al.; 3.9.86/17.1l.87; US Prior. 3.9.86=US 86–903 130 and 9.9.86=US 86–905 135)

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  35. JA 63 075 189 (Sehren KK; 12.9.86/5.4.88)=JA 86–214160

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  36. JA 49 068 074 (Kyowa Leather Cloth Corp.; 7.11.72/2.7.74)=JA 72–110 807

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  37. FR 2 211 560 (Toray Ind. Inc.; 21.12.73/19.7.74)=JA 72–128114 (JA Prior. 22.12.72)+JA 73–20 708 (Prior. 22.2.73)

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8.4 Coagulation of Polyurethanes — Addition of Nonsolvents

  1. JA 17 430/68 (Kyowa Leather Co.; 7.9.63/23.7.68)

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  2. DAS 1 110 607 (DuPont; EK Holden; 28.1.58/13.7.61; US Prior. 28.1.57)=US 3 000 757

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  3. US 3 516 883 (DuPont; LR Harper; 1.2.67/23.6.70)

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  4. OS 1 803 021 (Toyo Rayon; K Mitusakawa; 14.10.64/22.5.69; JA Prior. 13.10,67)

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  5. OS 2061 151 (General Tire; JF Barnes et al.; 11.12.70/16.6.71; US Prior. 11.12.69)

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  6. OS 2 025 616 (Bayer AG; H Conrad et al.; 26.5.70/9.12.71)

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  7. DDR 89 719 (Deutsches Lederinstitut; E Döring et al.; 11.12.70/5.5.72)

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  8. JA 34 922/72 (Toray Ind.; 17.4.68/2.9.72)

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  9. FR 1 412 310 (Goodrich; WT Murphy; 23.10.64/16.8.65; US Prior.31.10.63)

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  10. OS 1 469 534 (C Freudenberg; T Schachowskoy et al.; 9.3.65/23.1.69)

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  11. OS 1 469 535 (C Freudenberg; J Knoke; 8.4.65/23.1.69)

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  12. DAS 1 444 165 (DuPont; EK Holden; 13.12.62117.10.68; US Prior. 5.1.62)=GB 981 642=FR 1355 577=BE 626 816

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  13. JA 73–27 441 (Toyo Spinning Co.; 22.10.64/22.8.73)

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  14. DAS 1 444 164 (DuPont; EL Yuan; 30.10.62/30.4.63; US Prior. 31.10.61)=BE 624 250

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  15. OS 1 469 563 (DuPont; RV Einstman; 27.7.65/6.11.69; US Prior. 31.8.64)=US 3 492 154=BE 667 624=NE 6 511 220

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  16. US 3 536 639 (C Freudenberg;TSchachowskoy; 21.4.66/27.10.70; DB Prior. 24.4.65)=OS 1263 292

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  17. US 3 532 529 (Suehiro Seni Kogyo KK; H Endo et al.; 29.11.67/6.10.70, JA Prior. 27.12.66)=GB 1178 240

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  18. JA 32 597 (Mitsubishi Rayon; 2.11.67/22.9.71)

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  19. OS 1 619 641 (Toyo Rubber Ind.; I Minobe; 5.8.66/24.9.70)

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  20. JA 31 003/72 (Toyo Rubber Ind.; 26.1.68/11.8.72)

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  21. NE 6 708 454 (Glanzstoff AG; 16.6.67/19.12.67; D Prior. 18.6.66)

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  22. FR 1 517 287 (Ceskoslov. Zavody Gumarenke & Plastikarske; K Koutny et al.; 30.3.67/15.3.68; CZ Prior. 25.5.66)

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  23. FR 1495017 (Goodrich;WT Murphy; 16.8.66/7.8.67; US Prior. 18.8.65)=BE 685 532=NE 6 611626

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  24. JA 73–4622 (Kyowa Leather Cloth; 7.7.69/9.2.73)

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  25. OS 1 815 043 (Glanzstoff AG; H Schulze et al.; 17.12.68/25.6.70)=BE 739 674

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  26. JA 1 034/72 (Mitsubishi Rayon; 22.12.66/17.1.71)

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  27. JA 49/062 603 (Toyo Cloth Co.; 23.10.72/18.6.74

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  28. US 3 748 287 (DuPont; KH Lee; 1.9.71/24.7.73)

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  29. JA 02 594/71 (Nippon Cloth Ind.; 7.5.66/22.1.71)

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  30. GB 1 162 851 (Ichikawa Woolen Textile Co.; T Hamano et al.; 3.1.67/27.8.69)

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  31. DDR 99 811 (Deutsches Lederinstitut; HJ Kellert et al.; 21.3.72/20.8.73)

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  32. US 3 536 553 (DuPont; FJ Farrell et al.; 19.12.66/27.10.70)

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  33. FR 90 012/1 456 929 (Soc. Rhodiaceta; 28.12.65/29.9.67)

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  34. JA 73–5893 (Kyowa Leather Cloth; 15.12.70/21.2.73)

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  35. JA 73–24 721 (Kao Soap Co.; 12.6.70/24.7.73)

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  36. JA 73–05 893 (Kyowa Leather Cloth; 15.12.70/ 21.2.73)

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  37. J A 74–045 748 (Teijin; 22.7.70/5.12.74)

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  38. OS 1 901950 (Kurashiki Rayon; a Fukushima,et al.; 13.1.69/19.2.70; JA Prior. 17.1.68)

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  39. JA 01168 975 (Kanebo KK; 24.12.87/4.7.89)=JA 87–327 946

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  40. JA 63 182475 (Unitika KK; 21.1.87/27.7.88)=JA 87–13 144

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8.5 Coagu,lation of Polyurethanes — Addition of Emulsifying or Polar Auxiliaries

  1. FR 1 455 522 (Kurashiki Rayon; 13.11.65/5.9.66; JA Prior. 14.11.64)

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  2. FR 1466907 (Kurashiki Rayon; 2.2.66/12.12.66; JA Prior. 3.2.65+2.8.65)

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  3. JA 73–4939 (Kurashiki Rayon; 25.11.65/13.2.73+JA 73–4941)

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  4. JA 39 635/70 (Kurashiki Rayon; 25.11.65/12.12.70)

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  5. JA 03 052/64 (Kuraray; 25.11.65/15.2.73)

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  6. JA 02 593/71 (Kuraray; 4.3.66/22.1.71)

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  7. FR 1 524 724 (Kurashiki Rayon; 26.5.67/1O.5.68; JA Prior. 27.5.66+9.6.66)

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  8. JA 490 224/73 (Kuraray; 22.6.72/27.2.74)

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  9. OS 1 903 402 (Kurashiki Rayon; 17.1.69/2.10.69; JA Prior. 17.1.68)

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  10. OS 2 343 295 (Kuraray; a Fukushima; 28.8.75/14.3.74; JA Prior. 30.8.72)

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  11. OS 1 809 574 (Kanegafuchi Boseki KK; T Shikada; 18.11.68/18.12.69; JA Prior. 18.11.67)

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  12. OS 2 414 251 (Kuraray; H Shimamura et al.; 26.3.74/17.10.74; JA Prior. 31.3.73)

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  13. OS 1 694 127 (Farbenfabriken Bayer; H Traubel et al.; 10.1.67/2.3.72)=BE 709 183

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  14. DAS 1 240 53 (C Freudenberg; T Schachowskoy; 24.4.65/18.5.67)

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  15. OS 1 544 912 (C Freudenberg; T Schachowskoy; 2.9.65131.7.69)

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  16. DAS 1 263 292 (C Freudenberg; T Schachowskoy; 24.4.65/14.3.68)

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  17. JA 17 462/72 (Toray Ind.; 3.6.68/22.5.72)

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  18. JA 72–46890 (Toray Ind.; 6.8.69/27.11.72)

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  19. JA 39 331/72 (Toray Ind.; 9.10.68/4.10.72)

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  20. FR 1 495 017 (Goodrich; 16.8.66/7.8.67)=NE 6 611 626

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  21. US 3 642 966 (Goodrich; RT Morrissey et al.; 24.11.69/15.2.72)

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  22. JA 02 597/71 (Daiichi Lace KK; 31.1.67/22.1.71)

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  23. JA 73–19381 (Dai Nippon Ink and Chem. Co; 14.8.70/13.6.73)

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  24. JA 73–19 923 (Kokoku Chem. Ind. Co.; 3.6.69/18.6.73)

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  25. JA 57 112 371 (Achilles KK; 6.12.80/13.7.82)

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  26. DAS 1 694 291 (BF Goodrich; WT Murphy; 18.8.66/26.8.71; US Prior. 18.5.65)

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  27. JA 7 039 638 (Kanegafuchi Spinning Co.; 8.7.66/12.12.70)

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  28. DE 2 948 892 (Toray Ind. Inc.; 5.12.79/26.6.80; JA Prior. 6.12.78); DE 2 948 892 (Toray Ind. Inc.; 6.12.78/26.6.80; JA Prior. 6.12.80)

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  29. US 5 387 437 (China Textile Res. Inst.; S Yao; 26.11.93/7.2.95)

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  30. RU 202 990 (Film Materials Synt. Leather Res. Inst.; LV Kuzina) LA Skripo) IA Otikova; 4.6.91/15.11.94)

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  31. JA 08 060 556 (Achilles Corp. S Arai) S Oikawa; 24.8.94/5.3.96)

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  32. JA 78–109 901 (Honey Chemical Industry; 4.2.77/26.9.78)=JA 77–10719

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  33. JA 82–112 471 (Achilles; 6.12.80/13.7.82)=JA 79–74 269

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  34. DDR 134 968 (Forschungsinstitut ffir Leder und Kunstleder; G Reich)W Stephan) S Fourier) E Steinert; 4.4.79)

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  35. DOS 2 908 314 (Forschungsinstitut rur Leder- und Kunstledertechnologie; G Reich et al.; 3.3.79/27.9.79; DDR Prior. 17.3.78)=DDR 204 255 (WP)

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  36. JA 58 087 373 (Kuraray KK; 16.11.81/25.5.83)=JA 81–184 229

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  37. JA 59137577 (Mitsubishi Rayon KK; 17.1.83/7.8.84)=JA 83–6425

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  38. JA 59228086 (Kokoku Chem. Ind. KK; 3.6.83/21.12.84)=JA 83–99965

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  39. JA 01239177 (Kuraray KK; 16.3.88/25.9.89)=JA 88–64172

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  40. JA 01 033 283 (Kuraray KK; 23.7.87/3.2.89)=JA 87–184 957

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  41. a. JA 01 029 439 (Kuraray KK; 23.7.87/31.1.89)=JA 87–184 956

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  42. JA 61 186 570 (Kuraray KK; 11.2.85/20.8.86)=JA 85–24 199

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  43. JA 60 141 734 (Kuraray KK; 28.12.83/26.7.85)=JA 83–251 969

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  44. JA 61 201 084 (Kanebo KK; 25.2.8515.9.86)=JA 85–37 178

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  45. JA 61 034 289 (Kuraray KK; 19.7.84/18.2.86)=JA 84–150 635

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  46. JA 61 266 679 (Kanebo KK; 15.5.85126.11.8(j)=JA 85–104 737

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  47. JA 49 059 167 (Kuraray Co. Ltd.; 7.10.72/8.6.74)=JA 72–100 821

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  48. JA 51 030 852 (Toray Ind. KK; 11.9.74/16.3.76)=JA 74–103 803

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8.6 Coagulation of Polyurethanes — Addition of Leachable Solids

  1. JA 18 229/70 (Toyo Rubber Ind.; 13.5.64/23.6.70)

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  2. JA 33 795/70 (Hitachi Kasei KK; 27.10.65/30.10.70)

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  3. JA 33 796/70 (Kanegafuchi Spinning; 13.11.65/30.10.70)

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  4. BE 695 136 (Porous Plastics; 7.3.66/7.9.67; GB Prior.7.3.66 + 11.1.67)

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  5. BE 698306 (Porous Plastics; 10.5.67/10.11.67; GB Prior. 7.3.66)=NE 6 703 587

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  6. OS 1 753 668 (Porvair Ltd.; CR Cunningham et al.; 10.1.68/23.12.71; GB Prior. 11.1.67)=BE 709 258=NE 6 800390

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  7. GB 1 220 218 (Porvair Ltd.; CR. Cunningham et al.; 11.1.67/20.1.71)

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  8. FR 1 565 893 (Kanegafuchi Boseki KK; 16.5.68/2.5.69; JA Prior. 17.5.67)=NE 6 806 928

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  9. OS 1 694 181 (Farbenfabriken Bayer; H Traubel et al.; 9.8.67/26.8.71)=BE 719078

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  10. JA 24 800/68 (Toyo Rubber Ind.; 18.12.63/25.10.68)

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  11. OS 1 817 211 (Nippon Cloth Ind.; T Maeda et al.; 27.12.68/12.11.70)

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  12. OS 2 123 198 (Akzo GmbH; G Seibert et al.; 15.11.71/23.11.72)

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  13. OS 2 060616 (Porvair Ltd.; F Ch Loew et al.; 9.12.70/16.6.71; GB Prior. 9.12.69 + 28.4.70)

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  14. OS 2 117 350 (Kanegafuchi Boseki KK; T Shikada; 8.4.71/28.10.71; JA Prior. 13.4.70)

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  15. OS 2 161 445 (Porvair Ltd.; EA Warwicker et al.; 10.12.71/29.6.72; 6B-Prior. 11.12.70)

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  16. OS 2 226879 (Porvair Ltd.; EA Warwicker et al.; 2.6.72/28.12.72; GB Prior. 2.6.71)

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  17. OS 2435 880 (Porvair Ltd.; AW Pearman et al.; 25.7.74/6.2.75; GB Prior. 25.7.73)

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  18. JA 73–28044 (Daiichi Chem.Ind.; 29.8.70/29.8.73)

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  19. OS 2 010 332 (Chem Fabrik Stockhausen & Cie.; R Peppmoller; 5.3.70116.9.71)

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  20. OS 1 922 303 (Porvair Ltd.; GR Hull; 2.5.69/13.11.69; GB Prior. 1.5.68)

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  21. JA 18 791/70 (Kanegafuchi Spinning; 1.12.66/27.6.70)

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  22. JA 73–22 547 (Kanebo Co.; 6.7.70/14.7.73)

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  23. OS 2 035 975 (Kanegafuchi Boseki KK; S Oohara et al.; 20.7.70/4.2.71; JA Prior. 19.7.69)

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  24. FR 1 565 943 (Algemene Kunstzijde Unie N.V.; 17.5.68/2.5.69; NE Prior. 18.5.67)

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  25. JA 43 045/72 (Kuraray Co.; 28.12.68/31.10.72)

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  26. JA 44 025/72 (Kyowa Leather Cloth Co.; 23.5.68/7.11.72)

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  27. JA 73–11 928 (Kuraray Co.; 13.12.68/17.4.73)

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  28. JA 73–29 513 (Toray Ind.; 27.11.69/11.9.73)

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  29. JA 73–5 889 (Japan Vilene; 16.9.70/21.2.73)

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  30. JA 39 333/73 (Kakuda Kagaku KK; 13.11.68/4.10.72)

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  31. JA 73–28 043 (Toray Ind.; 14.8.70/29.8.73)

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  32. JA 73–36 832 (Toray Ind.; 29.3.68/16.9.72)

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  33. JA 47 648/64 (Teijin Co.; 21.8.64/16.7.68)

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  34. OS 1 785 080 (Toray Ind.; T Shinohara et al.; 8.8.68/27.5.71; JA Prior. 10.8.67+17.4.68)=US 3565 670

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  35. JA 21 275/72 (Toray Ind.; 10.7.68/15.6.72)

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  36. JA 44 601/72 (Toray Ind.; 31.5.69/10.11.72)

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  37. JA 49/054 501 (Nippon Cloth Ind.; 30.9.72/27.5.74)

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  38. JA 73–27 443 (Kuraray; 29.7.65/22.8.73)

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  39. JA 37 199/71 (Toray Ind.; 20.1.68/1.11.71)

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  40. OS 2 016 522 (Kurashiki Rayon; a Fukushima et al.; 2.4.70115.10.70; JA Prior. 2.4.69 + 24.4.69 + 26.4.69)

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  41. JA 44 606/72 (Toray Ind.; 14.7.69/10.11.72)

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  42. JA 39 324/72 (Kuraray; 17.7.68/4.10.72)

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  43. JA 00 924/73 (Toray Ind.; 5.2.70/12.1.73)

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  44. JA 00 925 173 (Toray Ind.; 21.2.70/12.1.73)

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  45. JA 040 921/74 (Kuraray; 15.10.70/6.11.74)

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  46. US 4 632 860 (JP Antonio et al.; US Prior. 2.3.84/30.12.86)

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  47. JA 06 240 583 (94,240,583) (Teijin Cordley Ltd.; H Kimura) Y Suzuki; 16.2.93/30.4.94); JA 06 248 578 (94,248,578) (Teijin Cordley Ltd; H Kimura) T Sakamoto; 13.2.93/6.9.94)

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  48. US 4 803 116 [Toray Ind.Inc.; J Amano, M Shimada, K Takano, S Tohyama; 30.10.86/7.2.89; JA Prior. 11.10.85 (60–242960),4.5.86 (61–45328) and 19.5.86 (61–112773)]=EP 225 060

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  49. US 4 429 000 (Toray Ind. Inc.; Y Naka, K Kawakami; 24.7.81/31.1.84; cip 11.12.79)

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  50. JA 78–46881 (Kanebo; 26.7.68/16.12.78)=JA 68–53 202

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  51. DOS 2 546 414 (3M; RC Edberg; US Prior. 15.10.74; 14.10.75129.4.76)=US 74–514808

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  52. JA 6 476/66 (Toyo Cloth Co.; 5.11.63/9.4.66 )

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  53. JA 54 026 305 (Asahi Chemical Ind. KK; 28.7.77/27.2.79); JA 54 026 304 (Asahi Chemical Ind. KK; 27.7.77/27.2.79)

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  54. JA 54 002302 (Dainichi Seika Kogyo KK; 3.6.77/9.1.79)

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  55. JA 54 015 096 (Dynie Corp.; 7.7.77/3.2.79)

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  56. JA 54 020 107 (Kanebo KK; 12.7.77/15.2.79)

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  57. JA 54 084 002 (Mitsubishi Rayon KK; 14.12.77/4.7.79)

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  58. JA 01 092 482 (Kanebo KK; 30.9.87II1.4.89)=JA 87–246 750

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  59. US 4 560 611 (Toray Ind. Inc.; Y Naka, K Kawakami; 28.10.83/24.12.85; dive 24.7.81; cip 11.12.79)

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  60. JA 83–18 484 (Kuraray; 21.7.81/3.2.83)=JA 81–114798

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  61. GB 2 114 585 (Porvair; D Price, EA Warwicker; 1.12.81/24.8.83)=GB 81–036141

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  62. JA 81–382 (Kunimine Kogyo; 13.6.79/5.1.81)=JA 79–74 269

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8.7 Coagulation of Polyurethanes — Addition of Blowing.Agents

  1. JA 74–024 645 (Kohkoku Chem. Ind.; 30.12.70/25.6.74)

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  2. JA 74–024 646 (Kohkoku Chem. Ind.; 5.12.70/25.6.74)

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  3. JA 72–8 943 (Kuraray; 17.2.67/15.3.T2.)

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8.8 Coagulation of Polyurethanes by Reacting Prepolymers of Polyurethanes

  1. OS 1569 081 (Kalle AG; H Porrmann et al.; 4.4.64/14.8.69)=SZ 446 264; see also FR 1439 127+GB 1 104 174

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  2. JA 8151/67 (Toyo Cloth Co.; 13.11.63/4.4.67)

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  3. JA 4721 461 (Honey Chem.Co.; 24.2.71/4.10.72)

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© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Träubel, H. (1999). Coagulation of Polyurethanes. In: New Materials Permeable to Water Vapor. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59978-1_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59978-1_8

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64206-7

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