Abstract
The common feature of CT- and C-arm-based surgical navigation is the coupling of the medical image and the surgical action: The surgeon sees the instrument displayed as a virtual instrument in the medical image in real time. This is achieved by using surgical instruments equipped with infrared (IR) LEDs (active markers) or with reflecting spheres (passive markers), enabling the instrument to be ≫seen≪ by a camera.
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© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Hebecker, A. (2004). C-Arm-Based Navigation. In: Navigation and Robotics in Total Joint and Spine Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59290-4_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59290-4_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63922-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59290-4
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