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Controlled Ozone Exposures and Field Observations in Fennoscandia

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Book cover Forest Decline and Ozone

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 127))

Abstract

Land use in Fennoscandia varies considerably. In Denmark the largest proportion (60%) of the land is used for agriculture while forests cover 56 and 66% of the land areas in Sweden and Finland respectively. Norway is dominated by mountainous regions and only 23% is covered by forests; 3% is farmland. Forests in Fennoscandia are dominated by Norway spruce Picea abies, and Scots pine Pinus silvestris. Norway spruce is somewhat more important in Norway and Sweden comprising about 45% of the total growing stock while pine is the dominating tree species in Finland where it comprises 45% of the total growing stock. Deciduous trees such as birch (Betula pendula and Betula pubescens) different Salix species beech (Fagus silvatica) and oak (Quercus) are less important. However in all countries there has been a successive shift in attitude towards deciduous trees such as birch. In the 1960s and 1970s birch was removed from the coniferous forests manually but also to a large extent by chemical means. Recent results have shown a high productivity of pure forests of Betula pendula in Finland and Sweden and the species is now considered for the reforestation of farm land. Furthermore results have shown that the productivity of coniferous stands increased when admixed. At present farmers in Finland are encouraged to use an admixture of about 20% deciduous tree species in coniferous forests(Parvianen and Seppänen 1994).

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Authors
  1. G. Selldén
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  2. S. Sutinen
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  3. L. Skärby
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH, Institut für Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, D-85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany

    Heinrich Sandermann

  2. Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK

    Alan R. Wellburn

  3. Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA

    Robert L. Heath

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Selldén, G., Sutinen, S., Skärby, L. (1997). Controlled Ozone Exposures and Field Observations in Fennoscandia. In: Sandermann, H., Wellburn, A.R., Heath, R.L. (eds) Forest Decline and Ozone. Ecological Studies, vol 127. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59233-1_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59233-1_8

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