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Interplay of Matrix and Myofibroblasts During Hepatic Fibrogenesis

  • Chapter
Tissue Repair and Fibrosis

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Pathology ((CT PATHOLOGY,volume 93))

Abstract

A variety of adverse stimuli, such as hepatotoxins, hepatotropic viruses, immune reactions to the liver, metabolic diseases, and biliary stasis can trigger liver fibrogenesis, i.e., the excess synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Whereas in acute liver diseases, such as self-limited viral hepatitis, fibrogenesis is balanced by fibrolysis, i. e., the removal of excess ECM, repeated insults of sufficient severity, as occur in many chronic liver diseases, tilt the balance in favor of fibrogenesis, finally resulting in morphologically apparent fibrosis or cirrhosis. In fibrogenesis, damage to the hepatocyte or the bile duct epithelium leads to mononuclear cell activation, release of fibrogenic factors and activation of mesenchymal cells. It is the activated Kupffer cell, the macrophage and the proliferating bile duct epithelium that are thought to be the primary sources of the potentially fibrogenic cytokines and growth factors [1, 16–18, 26, 30, 33, 34, 37, 39] that finally target the hepatic stellate cell (HSC, the novel denomination for the perisinusoidal lipocyte or Ito cell) and the portal fibroblast (PF), those cell types that are responsible for excess ECM deposition in the liver [15, 17, 18, 22, 35, 36, 42, 46, 68].

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  1. D. Schuppan
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  2. J. J. Cho
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  3. J. D. Jia
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  4. E. G. Hahn
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. GREF, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146, Rue Léo-Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France

    Alexis Desmoulière

  2. Départment de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Liliane-de-Stewart C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada

    Beatriz Tuchweber

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Schuppan, D., Cho, J.J., Jia, J.D., Hahn, E.G. (1999). Interplay of Matrix and Myofibroblasts During Hepatic Fibrogenesis. In: Desmoulière, A., Tuchweber, B. (eds) Tissue Repair and Fibrosis. Current Topics in Pathology, vol 93. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58456-5_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58456-5_21

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