Zusammenfassung
Kupfer ist eines der wichtigsten essentiellen Elemente für Pflanzen und Tiere. Metallisches Kupfer ist rötlich gefärbt, glänzend, schmiedbar, duktil und ein guter Leiter für Wärme und Elektrizität. Die Hauptverwendungszwecke von Kupfer sind die Herstellung von Drähten sowie von Bronze- und Messinglegierungen. In der Natur bildet Kupfer Sulfide, Sulfate, Sulfosalze, Carbonate und andere Verbindungen und kann unter reduzierenden Bedingungen auch als gediegenes Metall auftreten. Bei der Häufigkeit in der Lithosphäre steht Kupfer hinter Zink an 26. Stelle. Der durchschnittliche Gehalt in der Lithosphäre wird auf 70 mg/kg geschätzt, während die für die Erdkruste angegebenen Werte zwischen 24 und 55 mg/kg schwanken. Für die Böden weltweit wurde der ältere Literaturwert von 20 mg Cu/kg kürzlich auf 30 mg/kg geändert. Kupfer ist in der organischen Fraktion des Bodens enthalten und ist oft mit Eisen- und Manganoxiden, mit den Tonmineralien und anderen Mineralien vergesellschaftet.
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Baker, D.E., Senft, J.P. (1999). Kupfer. In: Alloway, B.J. (eds) Schwermetalle in Böden. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58384-1_9
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