Skip to main content

The Role of Platelets in the Early Stages of Atherosclerosis

  • Chapter
Platelets and Atherosclerosis

Abstract

While it is widely accepted that platelets play a significant part in the atherosclerotic process, many view these events as occurring in relation to growth of the plaque, by incorporation of thrombus [1], or the sequelae of thrombus formation on a disrupted plaque, leading to platelet aggregate embolism or occlusive thrombosis [2]. The formation of platelet masses on the surface of disrupted plaques and their dissemination distally causes amaurosis fugax or transient ischemic attacks [3] and is associated with unstable angina and sudden cardiac death [4]. Occlusive thrombus leads to infarction of part of the territory supplied by the occluded artery as in myocardial infarction or gangrene of the foot.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Duguid JB (1946) Thrombosis as a factor in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis. J Pathol Bacteriol 58:207–212

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Moore S (1975) Clinical correlations. Thromb Daith Haemorrh 33:417–425

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Fischer CM (1959) Observations of the fundus oculi in transient monocular blindness. Neurology 9:333–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Davies MJ, Thomas AC (1985) Plaque fissuring — the cause of acute myocardial infarction, sudden ischemic death and crescendo angina. Br Heart J 53:363–373

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ross R, Glomset JA (1976) The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med 295:364–373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ross R (1986) The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis — an update. N Engl J Med 314:488–500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Steinberg D (1987) Lipoproteins and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Circulation 76:508–514

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gerrity RG (1981) The role of the monocyte in atherogenesis. I. Transition of blood borne monocytes into foam cells in fatty lesions. Am J Pathol 103:181–190

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witzum JL (1989) Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med 320:915–924

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Buja LM, Kita T, Goldstein JL, Watanabe Y, Brown MS (1983) Cellular pathology of progressive atherosclerosis in the WHHL rabbit: an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia. Arteriosclerosis 3:87–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. LaVille A, Turner PR, Pitilio RM, Martini S, Marenan CB, Rowles PM, Morris G, Thompson GA, Woolf N, Lewis B (1987) Hereditary hyperlipidemia in the rabbit due to the overproduction of lipoproteins. Arteriosclerosis 7:105–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Brown MS, Goldstein JL (1976) Receptor mediated control of cholesterol metabolism. Science 191:150–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Faggiotto A, Ross R (1984) Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the non-human primate. II. Fatty streak conversion into fibrous plaque. Arteriosclerosis 4:341–356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gordon DJ, Probstfield JL, Garrison RJ, Neaton JD, Castelli WP, Knoke JD, Jacobs DR, Bangdiwala S, Tyroler HA (1989) High density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies. Circulation 79:8–15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Moore S (1984) Thrombosis and atherogenesis — the chicken and the egg. Contribution of platelets in atherogenesis. Ann NY Acad Sci 454:146–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Moore S, Mersereau WA (1968) Micro-embolic renal ischemic hypertension and nephrosclerosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 85:623–630

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Moore S (1973) Thromboatherosclerosis in normolipemic rabbits: a result of continued endothelial damage. Lab Invest 29:478–487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Haust MD (1971) The morphogenesis and fate of potential and early atherosclerotic lesions in man. Hum Pathol 2:1–29

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Moore S, Friedman RJ, Gent M (1977) Resolution of lipid-containing atherosclerotic lesions induced by injury. Blood Vessels 14:193–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Geer JC, Haust MD (1972) Smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. Monographs on atherosclerosis, vol 2. Karger, Basel

    Google Scholar 

  21. Day AJ, Bell FP, Moore S, Friedman RJ (1974) Lipid composition and metabolism of thrombo-atherosclerotic lesions produced by continued endothelial damage in normal rabbits. Circ Res. 29:467–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ross R, Glomset JA, Kariya B, Harker LA (1974) A platelet-dependent serum factor that stimulates the proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells in-vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71:1207–1210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Moore S, Friedman RJ, Singal DP, Gauldie J, Blajchman MA, Roberts RS (1976) Inhibition of injury induced thromgoatherosclerotic lesions by antiplatelet serum in rabbits. Thromb Haemost 34:70–81

    Google Scholar 

  24. Voss R, Mueller IR, Matthias FR (1988) Effect of monocytopenia on trauma-induced atherosclerotic lesions in rabbit ear artery. Exp Mol Pathol 49:75–86

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ingerman-Wojenski C, Silver MJ (1986) In-vivo model to detect inhibition of atherogenesis. Fed Proc 45:472a (abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ingerman-Wojenski C, Silver MJ (1988) Model system to study interaction of platelets with damaged arterial wall. II. Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation by dipyridamole and A. H, P 719. Exp Mol Pathol 48:116–134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Clopath P (1980) The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in miniature swine. Br J Exp Pathol 61:440–443

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Schaub RG, Simmons CA (1984) Medial smooth muscle cell proliferation in the balloon injured rabbit aorta: effect of a thiazole compound with platelet inhibitory activity. Thromb Haemost 51:75–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Schaub RG, Keith JC Jr, Simmons CA, Rawlings CA (1985) Smooth muscle cell proliferation in chronically injured canine pulmonary arteries is reduced by a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor V-5305G. Thromb Haemoest 53:351–355

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Metke MP, Lie JT, Fuster V, Josa M, Kaye MP (1979) Reduction of intimal thickening in canine coronary bypass vein grafts with dipyridamole and aspirin. Am J Cardiol 43:1144–1148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hansen KJ, Howe HR, Edgerton A, Faust KB, Kon MD, Geisinger KR, Meredith JM (1986) Ticlopidine versus aspirin and dipyridamole: influence on platelet deposition and three month patency of polytetrafluorethyene grafts. J Vasc Surg 4:174–178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Hagen PO, Wang ZG, Mikat EM, Mackel DB (1982) Antiplatelet therapy reduces aortic intimal hyperplasia distal to small diameter vascular prostheses (PTFE) in non-human primates. Ann Surg 195:328–339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Donaldson DR, Salter MCP, Kester RC, Rajah SM, Hall TJ, Sreeharan N, Crow MJ (1985) The influence of platelet inhibition on the patency of femoro-popliteal dacron bypass grafts. Vasc Surg 19:224–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Cheseboro JH, Fuster V, Elveback LR, Clements IP, Smith HC, Holmes DR JR, Bardsley WT, Pluth JR, Wallace RB, Puga FJ, Ursaluk TA, Piehler JM, Danielson GK, Schaff HV, Frye RL (1984) Effect of dipyridamole and aspirin on late vein-graft patency after coronary bypass operations. N Engl J Med 310:209–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Mess H, Mietaschk A, Dieschel G (1985) Drug-induced inhibition of platelet function delays progression of peripheral occlusive arterial disease: a prospective double-blind arteriographically controlled trial. Lancet:415–419

    Google Scholar 

  36. Handley DA (1985) Current approaches to inhibition of proliferation in atherosclerosis. Drug Def Res 6:167–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Friedman RJ, Moore S, Singall DP (1975) Repeated endothelial injury and induction of atherosclerosis in normolipemic rabbits by human serum. Lab Invest 30:404–415

    Google Scholar 

  38. O’Connell TX, Mowbray JF (1973) Effects of humoral transplantation antibody on the arterial intima of rabbits. Surgery 74:145–152

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Friedman RJ, Moore S, Singal DP, Gent M (1976) Regression of injury-induced atheromatous lesions in rabbits. Arch Pathol Lab Med 100:189–195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Baumgartner HR, Studer A (1966) Folgen des GefaBkatheterismus am normound hypercholeserinaemischen Kaninchen. Pathol Microbiol 29:393–405

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Stemerman MB, Ross R (1972) Experimental arteriosclerosis I. Fibrous plaque formation in primates, an electron microscopic study. J Exp Med 136:769–789

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Moore S, Belbeck LW, Richardson M Taylor W (1982) Lipid accumulation in the neointima formed in normal fed rabbits in response to one or six removals of the aortic endothelium. Lab Invest 47:32–42

    Google Scholar 

  43. Alavi M, Dunnett CW, Moore S (1983) Lipid composition of rabbit aortic wall following removal of endothelium by balloon catheter. Arteriosclerosis 3:413–419

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Friedman RJ, Stemerman MB, Wenz B, Moore S, Gauldie J, Gent R, Tiell ML, Spaet TH (1977) The effect of thrombocytopenia on experimental arteriosclerotic lesion formation in rabbits. I. Smooth muscle cell proliferation and reendothelialization. J Clin Invbest 60:1191–1201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Groves HM, Kinlough-Rathbone RL, Richardson M, Moore S, Mustard JF (1979) Platelet interaction with damaged rabbit aorta. Lab Invest 40:194–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Baumgartner HR, Muggli R (1976) Adhesion and aggregation: morphological demonstration and quantitation in-vitro and in-vivo. In: Gordon JL (ed) Platelets in biology and pathology. North Holland/Biomedical, Amsterdam pp:23–60

    Google Scholar 

  47. Ihnatowycz IO, Winocur PD, Moore S (1981) A platelet derived factor chemotactic for rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells in culture. Artery 9:316–327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Grotendorst GR, Seppa MEJ, Kleinman MK, Martin GR (1981) Attachment of smooth muscle cells to collagen and their migration toward platelet derived growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:3669–3672

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Vogel A, Raines E, Kariya B, Riverst MJ, Ross R (1978) Co-ordinate control of 3T3 cell proliferation by platelet derived growth factor and plasma components. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:2810–2814

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Ihnatowycz IO, Cazenave JP, Mustard JF, Moore S (1979) The effect of a platelet derived growth factor on the proliferation of rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells in tissue culture. Thromb Res 14:477–487

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Groves HM, Kinlough-Rathbone RL, Richardson M, Jorgensen L, Moore S, Mustard JF (1982) Thrombin generation and fibrin formation following injury to rabbit neo-intima. Studies of vessel wall reactivity and platelet survival. Lab Invest 46:605–612

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Richardson M, Kinlough-Rathbone RL, Groves HL, Jorgensen L, Mustard JF, Moore S (1984) Ultrastructural changes in re-endothelialized and nonendothelialized rabbit aortic neointima following re-injury with a balloon catheter. Br J Exp Pathol 65:597–611

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Richardson M, Ihnatowycz IO, Moore S (1980) Glycosaminoglycan accumulation in rabbit aortic wall following balloon catheter de-endothelialization. An ultrastructural study. Lab Invest 43:509–516

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Alavi M, Moore S (1985) Glycosaminoglycan composition and biosynthesis in the endothelium-covered neointima of de-endothelialized rabbit aorta. Exp Mol Pathol 42:389–400

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Day AJ, Alavi M, Moore S (1985) Influx of 3H/14C-cholesterol labelled lipoprotein in re-endothelialized and de-endothelialized areas of ballooned aortas of normal fed and cholesterol fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis 55:339–351

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Alavi M, Moore S (1984) Kinetics of low density lipoprotein interactions with rabbit aortic wall following balloon catheter de-endothelialization. Arteriosclerosis 4:395–402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Alavi MZ, Moore S (1987) Proteoglycan composition of rabbit arterial wall under conditions of experimentally induced atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 63:65–74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Camejo G, Lalaguna F, Lopez F, Starosta R (1980) Characterization of lipoprotein complexing proteoglycan from human aorta. Atherosclerosis 35:307–320

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Alavi MZ, Richardson M, Moore S (1989) The in-vitro interactions between serum lipoproteins and pro teoglycans of the neointima of rabbit aorta after a single balloon catheter injury. Am J Pathol 134:387–294

    Google Scholar 

  60. Alavi MZ, Li Z, Moore S (1990) Influence of dietarily induced alterations of rabbit plasma lipoproteins on their interactions with homologous proteoglycans of deendothelialized or re-endothelialized vessel wall, in-vitro (submitted for publication)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Spurlock BO, Chandler AB (1987) Adherent platelets and surface microthrombi in the human aorta and left coronary artery: a scanning electron microscopy feasibility study. Scanning Microsc 1:1359–1365

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Tyson JE, DeSa DJ, Moore S (1976) Thrombo-atheromatous complications of umbilical arterial catheterization in the newborn period: clinico-pathological study. Arch Dis Child 51:744–754

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Moore, S. (1990). The Role of Platelets in the Early Stages of Atherosclerosis. In: Kessler, C. (eds) Platelets and Atherosclerosis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58225-7_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58225-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-53006-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-58225-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics