Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Maintaining Health of Farm Animals in Adverse Environments

  • Chapter
Advances in Bioclimatology

Part of the book series: Advances in Bioclimatology ((ADVS BIOCLIMAT.,volume 3))

  • 84 Accesses

Abstract

Experience shows that climatic factors influence the incidence and severity of animal diseases, and adverse weather conditions are often cited as the cause of outbreaks of infectious disease. There is therefore a need to protect farm animals from extreme weather conditions in order to ensure a good state of health.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alberts JO, Graham R (1948) Fowl cholera in turkeys. N Am Vet 29: 24–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson IB, Lundquist GR, Proctor DF (1972) Human nasal mucosal function under four controlled humidities. Am Rev Resp Dis 106: 438–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andresen U, Horsten D, Wiecha B (1981) Der Einfluss Grosswetterlage auf das Entstehen der “crowding disease” und enzootische Bronchopneumonie der Kälber sowie ihre Bekämpfung mit Imuresp-p. Dtsch Tierärtl Wochenschr 88: 107–112.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews CH (1964) The complex epidemiology of respiratory virus infections. Science 146: 1274–1277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong WD, Cline TR (1977) Effects of various nutrient levels and environmental temperatures on the incidence of colibacillary diarrhoea in pigs: intestinal fistulation and titration studies. J Anim Sci 45: 1042–1049.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baetjer AM, Lowry RH, Bang FB (1960) Effects of environmental temperature and humidity on spread of virus in the respiratory tract. Fed Proc 19: 178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben Nathan D, Heller ED, Perek M (1976) The effect of short heat stress upon leucocyte count, plasma corticosterone level, plasma and leucocyte ascorbic acid content. Br Poult Sci 17: 481–485.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blalock JE (1989) A molecular basis for bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Phys Rev 69: 1–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blecha F, Kelley KW (1981a) Cold stress reduces the acquisition of colostral immunoglobulin in piglets. J Anim Sci 52: 594–600.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blecha F, Kelley KW (1981b) Effects of cold and weaning stressors on the antibody-mediated immune responses of pigs. J Anim Sci 53: 439–447.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blood DC, Radostits OM, Henderson JA (1983) Veterinary medicine, 6th edn. Balliere Tindall, London, p 755.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandly CA, Moses HE, Jones EF, Jungherr EL (1946) Epizootiology of Newcastle disease of poultry. Am J Vet Res 7: 243–249.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breazile JE (1988) The physiology of stress and its relationship to mechanisms of disease and therapeutics. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 4: 441–480.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown RW, Thomas JL, Cook HM, Riley JL, Booth GD (1977) Effect of environmental temperature stress on intramammary infections of dairy cows and monitoring of body and intramammary temperatures by radiotelemetry. Am J Vet Res 38: 181–187.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheville NE (1979) Environmental factors affecting the immune response of birds — a review. Avian Dis 23: 308–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claman HN (1987) Corticosteroids — immunologic and anti-inflammatory effects. In: Berczi I, Kovacs K (eds) Hormones and immunity. MTH Press, Lancaster, pp 38–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis SE, Drummond JG (1982) Relative and quantitative aspects of aerial bacteria in animal houses. In: Recheigel M (ed) Handbook of agricultural productivity, vol II. CRC Press, Cleveland, pp 107–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis SE, Morris GL (1982) Operant supplemental heat in swine nurseries. Proc 2nd Int Livestock Symp American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph, Michigan, pp 295-297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis SE, Kingdon DA, Simon J, Drummond JG (1976) Effects of age and cold on pulmonary bacterial clearance in the young pig. Am J Vet Res 37: 299–301.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dennis MJ (1986) The effects of temperature and humidity on some diseases — a review. Br Vet J 142: 472–485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dividich J le, Noblet J le, Aumaitre A (1982) Environmental requirements of early-weaned intensively reared piglets. Proc 2nd Int Livestock Symp American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph, Michigan, pp 353-361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson AI (1978) Factors influencing the dispersal, survival and deposition of airborne pathogens of farm animals. Vet Bull 48: 83–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson AI, Ferris NP (1976) The survival of some airborne viruses in open air conditions. Vet Microbiol 1: 413–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson AI, Gloster J, Harvey LDJ, Deans DH (1982) Use of prediction models to forecast and analyse airborne spread during the foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Brittany, Jersey and the Isle of Wight in 1981. Vet Rec 110: 53–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty (1971) Environment and physiopathology. In: A guide to environmental research on animals. Committee on physiological effects of environmental factors on animals. Agricultural Board, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, p 226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elzhary M, Derbyshire JB (1979) Effect of temperature, relative humidity and medium on the aerosol stability of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Can J Comp Med 43: 158–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewbank R (1968) An experimental demonstration of the effect of surface cooling upon the health of the bovine mammary gland. Vet Rec 83: 686–688.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson W, Branagan D (1972) Meteorological effects on animal disease. In: Tromp SW (ed) Progress in biometeorology, division A, progress in human biometeorology. Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, pp 93–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fetrow JF, Madison JB, Galligan D (1985) Economic decision in veterinary practice: a method for field use. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186: 792–797.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furuuchi S, Shimizu Y (1976) Effect of ambient temperatures on multiplication of attenuated transmissible gastroenteritis virus in the bodies of newborn piglets. Infect Immun 13: 990–992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Germain R, Redon P, Tournut J (1975) Role des facteurs climatique dans l’etologie des infections a myxovirus parainfluenza III dans la region Midi-Pyrinees. Rev Med Vet 126: 329–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloster J, Seller RF, Donaldson AI (1982) Long distance transport of foot-and-mouth disease over the sea. Vet Rec 110: 47–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin JF (1989) Stress and immunity: a unifying concept. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 20: 263–312.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross WB, Siegel HS (1988) Environment-genetic influences on immunocompetence. J Anim Sci 66: 2091–2094.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn GL (1981) Housing and management to reduce climatic impacts on livestock. J Anim Sci 52: 175–186.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn GL (1985) Management and housing of farm animals in hot environments. In: Yousef MK (ed) Stress physiology in livestock, vol II. Ungulates. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 151–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper GJ (1961) Airborne micro-organisms: survival tests with four viruses. J Hyg 59: 479–486.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heller ED, Ben Nathan D, Perek M (1979) Short heat stress as an immunostimulant in chicks. Avian Pathol 8: 195–203.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes CW (1971) Local cooling of the mammary gland and milk production in the cow. J Dairy Res 38: 3–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hropot M (1970) Untersuchungen über den Einfluss des Wetters auf die Entstehung der akuten Mastitis des Rindes. Vet Diss, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson DB (1931) The influence of environmental temperature on the mortality in chicks inoculated with the virus of infectious bronchitis. Poult Sci 10: 391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hugh-Jones ME (1976) Effects of heat and cold on diseases in sheep. In: Tromp SW, Progress in biometeorology, division B, progress in animal biometeorology. Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, pp 480–486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hugh-Jones ME (ed) (1989) Animal health and production at extremes of weather. World Meteorological Organization. Technical note 191. Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hugh-Jones ME, Yvore P (1989) Some aspects of the meteorological forecasting of animal health and diseases. In: Hugh-Jones ME (ed) Animal health and production at extremes of weather. World Meteorological Organization. Technical note 191. Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jericho KWF, Darcel CQ (1978) Response of the respiratory tract of calves kept at controlled climatic conditions to bovine herpesvirus 1 in aerosol. Can J Comp Med 42: 156–167.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jericho KWF, Magwood SE (1977) Histological features of respiratory epithelium of calves held at differing temperatures and humidity. Can J Comp Med 41: 369–379.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones CDR (1987) Proliferation of Pasteurella haemolytica in the calf respiratory tract after an abrupt change in climate. Res Vet Sci 42: 179–186.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones CDR, Bull JR (1987) Deposition and clearance of radiolabelled polystyrene spheres in the calf lung. Res Vet Sci 42: 82–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones CDR, Webster AJF (1981) Weather induced changes in airborne bacteria within a calf house. Vet Rec 109: 493–494.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones CDR, Webster AJF (1984) Relationships between counts of nasopharyngeal bacteria, temperature, humidity and lung lesions in veal calves. Res Vet Sci 37: 132–137.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juszkiewicz T (1967) Experimental Pasteurella multocida infection in chickens exposed to cold: biochemical and bacteriological investigations. Pol Arch Weter 10: 615–625.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juszkiewicz T, Cakalowa A, Stefaniakowa B, Madejski Z (1967) Experimental pasteurella infection in normal and chlorpromazine-premedicated cockerels, subjected to heat stress. Pol Arch Weter 10: 601–614.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley KW (1980) Stress and immune function: a bibliographic review. Ann Rech Vet 11: 445–478.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley KW (1982) Immunobiology of domestic animals as affected by hot and cold weather. Proc 2nd Int Livestock Symp American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph, Michigan, pp 470-482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley KW (1985) Immunological consequences of changing environmental stimuli. In: Moberg GP (ed) Aimal stress. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, Maryland, pp 193–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley KW (1988) Cross-talk between the immune and endocrine systems. J Anim Sci 66: 2095–2108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley KW, Blecha F, Regnier JF (1982a) Cold exposure and absorption of colostral immunoglobulins by neonatal pigs. J Anim Sci 55: 363–368.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley KW, Greenfield RE, Evermann JF, Parish SM, Perrymann LE (1982b) Delayed-type hypersensitivity, contact sensitivity, and phytohemagglutinin skin-test responses of heat-and cold-stressed calves. Am J Vet Res 43: 775–779.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khansari DN, Murgo AJ, Faith RE (1990) Effects of stress on the immune system. Immunol Today 11: 170–175.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirton AH, O’Hara GJ, Shortridge EH, Cordes DO (1976) Seasonal incidence of enzootic pneumonia and its effect on the growth of lambs. N Z Vet J 24: 59–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knight V, Gilbert BE, Wilson SZ (1985) Airborne transmission of virus infections. Banbury Report 22: Genetically altered viruses and the environment 11, pp 73–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopecky KE, Pugh GW, McDonald TJ (1981) Influence of outdoor winter environment on the course of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Vet Res 42: 1990–1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lechtworth GJ, Carmichael LE (1984) Local tissue temperature: a critical factor in the pathogenesis of bovid herpesvirus 2. Infect Immun 43: 1072–1079.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehner B, Sasshofer K (1984) Untersuchungen Zur Änderung der Keimflora im Schweinstall in Abhängigkeit zur Stallraumtemperatur unter experimentellen Bedingungen. Dtsch Tierärztl Wochenschr 91: 222–224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacVean DW, Franzen DK, Keefe TJ, Bennett BW (1986) Airborne particle concentration and meterologic conditions associated with pneumonia incidence in feedlot cattle. Am J Vet Res 47: 2676–2682.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin SW, Schwabe CW, Franti CE (1975) Dairy calf mortality rate: influence of meteorologic factors on calf mortality rate in Tulare county, California. Am J Vet Res 36: 1105–1109.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McIlroy SG, Goodall EA, McCracken RM, Stewart DA (1989) Rain and windchill as factors in the occurrence of pneumonia in sheep. Vet Rec 125: 79–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza Sarmiento J (1986) Mechanism of cold-induced increase in susceptibility to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhoea of the newborn pig. Diss Abst Int B 47(2): 529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell PJ, Hooper PT, Collyer DN (1981) Heat stress and diarrhoea in neonatal calves. Aust Vet J 57: 392.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moberg GP (1985) Biological response to stress: key to assessment of animal well-being? In: Moberg GP (ed) Aimai stress. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, Maryland, pp 27–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson FE, Schuh JD, Stott GH (1967) Influence of season on leucocytes in milk. J Dairy Sci 50: 978–979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson DP, Bull RC (1986) Antibody responses in protein-energy restricted beef cows and their cold stressed progeny. Can J Vet Res 50: 410–417.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olson DP, Papasian CJ, Ritter RC (1980a) The effect of cold stress on neonatal calves. I. Clinical conditions and pathological lesions. Can J Comp Med 44: 11–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olson DP, Papasian CJ, Ritter RC (1980b) The effect of cold stress on neonatal calves. II. Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins. Can J Comp Med 44: 19–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olson DP, Bull RC, Woodard LF, Kelley KW (1981) Effects of maternal nutritional restriction and cold stress on young calves: absorption of colostral immunoglobulins. Am J Vet Res 42: 876–879.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olson LD, McCune EL, Bond T (1968) Epizootiologic pattern of fowl cholera in turkeys in Missouri. Proc 12th Annu Meet, US Livestock Sanitary Assoc, pp 239-243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pouteaux VA, Christison CI, Rhodes CS (1982) The involvement of dietary protein and chilling in the etiology of diarrhoea in newly weaned pigs. Can J Anim Sci 62: 1199–1209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pririe HM (1981) Acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. Vet Rec 109: 87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard DG, Carpenter CA, Morzaria SP, Harkness JW, Richards MS, Brewer JI (1981) Effect of air filtration on respiratory disease in intensively housed veal calves. Vet Rec 109: 5–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raddatz RL, Hammond GW, Gelskey DE (1991) Long range atmospheric transport of aerolized influenza virus. 10th Conf on Biometeorolgy and aerobiology, special session on hydrometeorlogy. American Meteorlogical Society, Boston, pp 37–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rafai P, Kovacs F, Ballasen A (1985) Influence of microclimatic factors on the immunoglobulin status of newborn calves kept singly in outdoor hutches. Proc 5th Int Congr Animal hygiene, Hannover, pp 307–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawson RE, Dziuk HE, Good AL, Anderson JF, Bates DW, Ruth GR (1988) Thermal insulation of young calves exposed to cold. Can J Vet Res 53: 275–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regnier JA, Kelley KW (1981) Heat-and cold-stress suppresses in vivo and in vitro cellular immune responses of chickens. Am J Vet Res 42: 294–299.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Regnier JA, Kelley KW, Gaskins CT (1980) Acute thermal stressors and synthesis of antibodies in chickens. Poult Sci 59: 985–990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson JH, Easterday BC, Tumova B (1979) Influence of environmental stress on avian influenza virus infection. Avian Dis 23: 346–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth JA (1985) Cortisol as a mediator of stress-associated immunosuppression in cattle. In: Moberg GP (ed) Animal stress. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, Maryland, pp 225–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roussel JD, Ortego JD, Gholson JH, Frye JB (1969) Effect of thermal stress on the incidence of abnormal milk. J Dairy Sci 52: 912.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanford SE, Josephson GKA (1981) Porcine Haemophilus pleuropneumonia epizootic in southwestern Ontario: clinical, microbiological, pathological and some epidemiological findings. Can J Comp Med 45: 2–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schalm OW, Caroli EJ, Jain NC (1971) Bovine mastitis. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, p 38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheepens CJM (1991) Effects of draught as climatic stressor on the health status of weaned pigs. Thesis, University of Utrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu M, Shimizu Y, Kodarna Y (1978) Effects of ambient temperatures on induction of transmissible gastroenteritis in feeder pigs. Infect Immun 21: 747–752.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shope RE (1955) The swine lungworm as a reservoir and intermediate host for swine influenza virus. V. Provocation of swine influenza by exposure of prepared swine to adverse weather. J Exp Med 102: 567–572.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel HS (1974) Environmental stress and animal health: a discussion of the influence of environmental factors on the health of livestock and poultry. Proc 14th Int Livestock Environ Symp, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph, Michigan, pp 14-20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simensen E (1974) The relationship between weather and incidence of paturient paresis and mastitis in dairy cows. Nord Vet Med 26: 382–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simensen E (1985) Diseases of poultry in hot and cold environments. In: Yousef MK (ed) Stress physiology in livestock. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 137–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simensen E, Norheim K (1983) An epidemiological study of calf health and performance in Norwegian dairy herds. III. Morbidity and performance: literature review, characteristics. Acta Agric Scand 33: 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simensen E, Olson LD, Hahn GL (1980) Effects of high and low environmental temperatures on clinical course of fowl cholera in turkeys. Avian Dis 24: 816–832.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha SK, Hanson RP, Brandly CA (1957) Effect of environmental temperature upon facility of aerosol transmission of infection and severity of Newcastle disease among chickens. J Infect Dis 100: 162–168.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinovic B (1970) The influence of environmental temperature, age, sex and breed on the mortality from infectious laryngotracheitis. 14th World Poultry Congr 3: 285–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slavik MF, Skeeles JK, Beasley JN, Harris GC, Roblee P, Hellwig D (1981) Effect of humidity on infection of turkeys with Alcaligenes faecalis. Avian Dis 25: 936–942.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith LP (1970) Weather and animal diseases. World Meteorological Organization, Technical note 113, Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Songer JR (1967) Influence of relative humidity on the survival of some airborne viruses. Appl Microbiol 15: 35–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stott GH, Wiersma F, Menefee BE, Radwandski FR (1976) Influence of environment on passive immunity in calves. J Dairy Sci 59: 1306–1311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subba Rao DS, Glick B (1970) Immunosuppressive action of heat in chickens. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 133: 445–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thaxton P, Siegel HS (1970) Immunodepression in young chickens by high environmental temperature. Poult Sci 49: 202–205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson RG, Glinka F (1974) A brief review of pulmonary clearance of bacterial aerosols emphasizing aspects of particular relevance to veterinary medicine. Can Vet J 15: 99–104.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thrusfield M (1988) The application of epidemiological techniques to contemporary veterinary problems. Br Vet J 144: 455–469.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wathes CM (1987) Airborne microorganisms in pig and poultry houses. In: Bruce JM, Sommer M (eds) Environmental aspects of respiratory diseases in intensive pig and poultry houses, including the implications for human health. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg, pp 57–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wathes CM, Howard K, Webster AJF (1985) Survival of Escherichia coli bacteria. Proc 5th Int Congr Animal hygiene, Hannover, pp 175–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster AJF (1981) Weather and infectious disease in cattle. Vet Rec 108: 183–187.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webster AJF (1983) Environmental stress and the physiology, performance and health of ruminants. J Anim Sci 57: 1584–1593.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whittlestone P (1976) Effect of climatic conditions on enzootic pneumonia of pigs. Int J Biometeorol 20: 42–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiseman A, Selman IE, Pririe HM, Harvey IM (1976) An outbreak of acute pneumonia in young, single-suckled calves. Vet Rec 98: 192–195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witte KH (1986) Schweineinfluenza (Pathogenese, Epidemiologie, Nachweis). Prakt Tierarzt 7: 592–598.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood RL (1986) Erysipelas. In: Leman AD, Straw B, Glock RD, Mengeling WL, Penny RHC, Scholl E (eds) Diseases of swine. Iowa State University Press, Ames, pp 571–583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoder HW, Drury LN, Hopkins SR (1977) Influence of environment on airsacculitis: effects of relative humidity and air temperature on broilers infected with Mycoplasma synoviae and infectious bronchitis. Avian Dis 21: 195–202.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. E. Simensen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Institute of Soils and Water, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel

    Gerald Stanhill

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Simensen, E. (1994). Maintaining Health of Farm Animals in Adverse Environments. In: Stanhill, G. (eds) Advances in Bioclimatology. Advances in Bioclimatology, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57966-0_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57966-0_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63418-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57966-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation