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Naturschutz in Bergbaufolgelandschaften pp 331–359Cite as

Redox-Vorgänge in litoralen Sedimenten in Wechselwirkung mit dem Wachstum und der Entwicklung der Erstbesiedlungsvegetation am Beispiel von Juncus bulbosus L.

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Zusammenfassung

Die Zwiebelbinse ist die Pionierpflanze in extrem sauren Tagebaurestseen des Braunkohletagebaus. Verschiedene chemische Analysetechniken wurden verwendet, um die Mechanismen und Strategien aufzuklären, mit denen Juncus bulbosus den extremen Bedingungen widersteht Aus Gesamtmetallgehalten im Sediment und in der Pflanze wurden Konzentrationsfaktoren (CF) ermittelt, um die die Metallkonzentrationen im Gewebe beeinflussenden Faktoren zu charakterisieren. Die Pflanze gibt Sauerstoff in die Rhizosphäre ab und erhöht so dort das Redox-Potential. Dies führt zu der Bildung von Eisenplatten aus Goethit um die Wurzel. Das Rasterelektronenmikroskop zeigte einen von Mikroorganismen besiedelten Zwischenraum zwischen der Wurzel und den Sandkörnern. Dies läßt auf eine Interaktion zwischen der mikrobiellen Komponente auf der Wurzeloberfläche und den Wurzelexsudaten unter den Eisenplatten (mineralfreier Raum) schließen. Eisentoxizität wird durch die physiologischen und biochemischen Pflanzenstrukturen verzögert, was durch Untersuchungen der Metallkonzentrationen in Sediment und Pflanzengewebe bestätigt wurde. Die Elementkonzentrationen im Sediment der Tagebaurestseen nehmen unabhängig vom Substrat in der Reihenfolge Fe> Al> Mn> Zn ab, während Cu und As von untergeordneter Bedeutung sind. Fe und Al werden nicht aktiv aufgenommen, ihre Konzentration im Gewebe wird von der Pflanze bestimmt. Die höheren CF für Mn und Zn bestätigen eine aktive Aufnahme durch die Pflanze. Hohe Mn-Konzentrationen im Sediment können gefährlich für Juncus bulbosus sein. Die Ansiedlung und das Wachstum von Juncus bulbosus in Tagebaurestseen kann als Indikator physico-chemischer Parameter dieser Seen und der Stabilität des Systems betrachtet werden.

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  1. LS Bodenschutz und Rekultivierung, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus, Postfach 101344, D-03013, Cottbus, Germany

    Abad Chabbi

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  1. Lehrstuhl Allgemeine Ökologie Brandenburgische Technische, Universität Cottbus, Universitätsplatz 3–4, D-03044, Cottbus, Germany

    Gerhard Wiegleb , Udo Bröring  & Jadranka Mrzljak ,  & 

  2. Fakultät Umweltwissenschaften und Verfahrenstechnik Brandenburgische Technische, Universität Cottbus, Universitätsplatz 3–4, D-03044, Cottbus, Germany

    Friederike Schulz

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Chabbi, A. (2000). Redox-Vorgänge in litoralen Sedimenten in Wechselwirkung mit dem Wachstum und der Entwicklung der Erstbesiedlungsvegetation am Beispiel von Juncus bulbosus L.. In: Wiegleb, G., Bröring, U., Mrzljak, J., Schulz, F. (eds) Naturschutz in Bergbaufolgelandschaften. UmweltWissenschaften. Physica, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57638-6_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57638-6_19

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