Zusammenfassung
Eine Alternative zu Organtransplantationen und eine Methode, defektes Gewebe zu ersetzen, könnte die Zelltherapie darstellen. Dabei wird ein defektes Gewebe durch Implantation intakter Zellen bzw. gewebeähnlicher Zell-verbände oder -komposite ersetzt. Eine Voraussetzung dafür ist, eine ausreichende Menge von Zellen zu generieren, die die spezifischen Eigenschaften des Gewebes besitzen, die also die physiologischen Leistungen der defekten Zellen ersetzen können. Man kann so genannte Primärkulturen anlegen, indem man eine Biopsie von gesundem Gewebe oder einem intakten Teil eines betroffenen Gewebes entnimmt, enzymatisch in Einzelzellen dissoziiert und in der Zellkultur, also in vitro, vermehrt. Die Zellen können dann wieder in das defekte Gewebe implantiert werden. Diese Methode hat allerdings Limitationen, da differenzierte Zellen nur eine begrenzte Teilungsfähigkeit besitzen und in Kultur oft ihre spezifischen Eigenschaften verlieren. Die Verwendung von Stammzellen zur Generierung differenzierter Zellen, die sich zur Transplantation eignen, ist insbesondere seit der Etablierung humaner Linien embryonaler Stammzellen (ES-Zellen) in den Mittelpunkt des Interesses gerückt. Eine zentrale Frage besteht darin, ob humane ES-Zellen für das Tissue engineering, also die Herstellung von Gewebeersatz, geeignet sind. Das Wissen über humane ES-Zellen ist bislang sehr begrenzt. Mehr Informationen liegen über die ES-Zellen der Maus vor.
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Rohwedel, J. (2003). Differenzierung embryonaler Stammzellen — neue Perspektiven für Zell- und Gewebeersatz. In: Bruns, J. (eds) Tissue Engineering. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57353-8_21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57353-8_21
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