Abstract
Lymph nodes are strategically positioned throughout the body. All lymph, draining from tissues and organs, passes through lymph nodes before entering the bloodstream, which allows for efficient screening of incoming pathogens or tissue aberrations. It is now well established that the highly organized structure of lymph nodes in various compartments is essential for an optimal interaction of lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells to induce immune responses.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alimzhanov, M. B., Kuprash, D. V., Kosco-Vilbois, M. H., Luz, A., Turetskaya, R. L., Tarakhovsky, A., Rajewsky, K., Nedospasov, S. A., and Pfeffer, K. (1997). Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid tissues in lymphotoxin beta-deficient mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 9302-9307.
Banks, T. A., Rouse, B. T., Kerley, M. K., Blair, P. J., Godfrey, V. L., Kuklin, N. A., Bouley, D. M., Thomas, J., Kanangat, S., and Mucenski, M. L. (1995). Lymphotoxin-alpha-deficient mice. Effects on secondary lymphoid organ development and humoral immune responsiveness. J. Immunol. 155, 1685-1693.
Burkly, L., Hession, C., Ogata, L., Reilly, C., Marconi, L. A., Olson, D., Tizard, R., Cate, R., and Lo, D. (1995). Expression of relB is required for the development of thymic medulla and dendritic cells. Nature 373, 531-536.
Cao, X., Shores, E. W., Hu-Li, J., Anver, M. R., Kelsall, B. L., Russell, S. M., Drago, J., Noguchi, M., Grinberg, A., and Bloom, E. T. (1995). Defective lymphoid development in mice lacking expression of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain. Immunity 2, 223-38.
Forster, R., Mattis, A. E., Kremmer, E., Wolf, E., Brem, G., and Lipp, M. (1996). A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen. Cell 87, 1037-1047.
Freeden-Jeffry, U. v., Vieira, P., Lucian, L. A., McNeil, T., Burdach, S. E., and Murray, R. (1995). Lymphopenia in interleukin (IL)-7 gene-deleted mice identifies IL-7 as a nonredundant cytokine. J. Exp. Med. 181, 1519-1526.
Fu, Y. X., and Chaplin, D. D. (1999). Development and maturation of secondary lymphoid tissues. Annual Review Of Immunology 17, 399-433.
Futterer, A., Mink, K., Luz, A., Kosco-Vilbois, M. H., and Pfeffer, K. (1998). The lymphotoxin beta receptor controls organogenesis and affinity maturation in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Immunity 9, 59-70.
Georgopoulos, K., Bigby, M., Wang, J. H., Molnar, A., Wu, P., Winandy, S., and Sharpe, A. (1994). The Ikaros gene is required for the development of all lymphoid lineages. Cell 79, 143156.
Kaipainen, A., Korhonen, J., Mustonen, T., van Hinsbergh, V. W., Fang, G. H., Dumont, D., Breitman, M., and Alitalo, K. (1995). Expression of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 4 gene becomes restricted to lymphatic endothelium during development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92, 3566-70.
Kondo, M., Weissman, I. L., and Akashi, K. (1997). Identification of clonogenic common lymphoid progenitors in mouse bone marrow. Cell 91, 661-672.
Kong, Y.-Y., Yoshida, H., Sarosi, I., Tan, H.-L., Timms, E., Capparelli, C., Morony, S., Oliveirados-Santos, A. J., Van, G., Itie, A., Koo, W., A.Wakeham, Dunstan, C. R., Lacey, D. L., Mak, T. W., Boyle, W. J., and Penninger, J. M. (1998). OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesis. Nature 397, 315-23.
Mebius, R. E., Rennert, P., and Weissman, I. L. (1997). Developing lymph nodes collect CD4+CD3-LT13+ cells that can differentiate to APC, NK cells, and follicular cells but not T or B cells. Immunity 7, 493-504.
Mebius, R. E., Streeter, P. R., Michie, S., Butcher, E. C., and Weissman, I. L. (1996). A developmental switch in lymphocyte homing receptor and endothelial vascular addressin expression regulates lymphocyte homing and permits CD4+ CD3- cells to colonize lymph nodes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 11019-24.
Rennert, P. D., Browning, J. L., Mebius, R., Mackay, F., and Hochman, P. S. (1996). Surface lymphotoxin alpha/beta complex is required for the development of peripheral lymphoid organs. J. Exp. Med. 184, 1999-2006.
Rennert, P. D., James, D., Mackay, F., Browning, J. L., and Hochman, P. S. (1998). Lymph node genesis is induced by signaling through the lymphotoxin beta receptor. Immunity 9, 71-79.
Sabin, F. R. (1909). The lymphatic system in human embryos, with a consideration of the morphology of the system as a whole. Am. J. Anat. 9, 43-91.
Saunders, D., Lucas, K., Ismaili, J., Wu, L., Maraskovsky, E., Dunn, A., and Shortman, K. (1996). Dendritic cell development in culture from thymic precursor cells in the absence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J. Exp. Med. 184, 2185-2196.
Togni, P. d., Goellner, J., Ruddle, N. H., Streeter, P. R., Fick, A., Mariathasan, S., Smith, S. C., Carlson, R., Shomick, L. P., Strauss-Schoenberger, J., Russell, J. H., Karr, R., and Chaplin, D. D. (1994). Abnormal development of peripheral lymphoid organs in mice deficient in lymphotoxin. Science 264, 703-707.
Wang, J. H., Nichogiannopoulou, A., Wu, L., Sun, L., Sharpe, A. H., Bigby, M., and Georgopoulos, K. (1996). Selective defects in the development of the fetal and adult lymphoid system in mice with an Ikaros null mutation. Immunity 5, 537-549.
Weih, F., Carrasco, D., Durham, S. K., Barton, D. S., Rizzo, C. A., Ryseck, R. P., Lira, S. A., and Bravo, R. (1995). Multiorgan inflammation and hematopoietic abnormalities in mice with a targeted disruption of RelB, a member of the NF-kappa B/Rel family. Cell 80, 331-340.
Wigle, J. T., and Oliver, G. (1999). Prox1 function is required for the development of the murine lymphatic system. Cell 98, 769-778.
Yokota, Y., Mansouri, A., Mori, S., Sugawara, S., Adachi, S., Nishikawa, S.-I., and Gruss, P. (1999). Development of peripheral lymphoid organs and natural killer cells depends on the helix-loop-helix inhibitor Id2. Nature 397, 702-706.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mebius, R., Akashi, K. (2000). Precursors to Neonatal Lymph Nodes: LTβ+CD45+CD4+CD3− Cells are Found in Fetal Liver. In: Melchers, F. (eds) Lymphoid Organogenesis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 251. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57276-0_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57276-0_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63186-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57276-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive