Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Protective Responses of Endothelial Cells

  • Conference paper
Genes and Resistance to Disease

Summary

Endothelial cells (EC) as they normally exist in their quiescent state perform critical functions in maintaining blood flow and avoiding thrombosis. Various proinflammatory stimuli can induce EC to be activated, which results in recruitment, trans-endothelial migration and activation of circulating leukocytes, procoagulation, platelet aggregation, and other responses associated with inflammation. In the case of an organ that is transplanted, these reactions associated with EC activation accompany the rejection of such organ. We suggested, several years ago, that EC activation is the underlying basis of rejection of organ xenografts, i.e., grafts such as a heart or kidney transplanted across different species. While antibodies and complement in the recipient are clearly implicated in EC activation and xenograft rejection, investigators in the 1980s showed that, under certain circumstances, grafts can survive indefinitely despite the presence of antigraft antibodies and complement. We referred to the survival of an organ in the presence of anti-organ antibodies and complement as “accommodation.” One possible mechanism that we proposed to explain accommodation of these grafts was that, under certain circumstances the EC in the graft up-regulate the expression of “protective genes” that would prevent those reactions associated with EC activation that presumably lead to rejection. We have since found that such protective genes do exist and that they can play such a role.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Agarwal A, Kim Y, Matas AJ, Alam J, Nath KA (1996) Gas-generating systems in acute renal allograft rejection in the rat-co-induction of heme oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase. Transplantation 61:93–98

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexandre GP, Squifflet JP, De Bruyere M, Latinne D, Reding R, Gianello P, Carlier M, Pirson Y (1987) Present experiences in a series of 26 ABO-incompatible living donor renal allografts. Transplant Proc 19:4538–4542

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anrather J, Csizmadia V, Brost jan C, Soares MP, Bach FH, et al. (1997) Inhibition of bovine endothelial cell activation in vitro by regulated expression of a transdominant inhibitor of NF-xB. J Clin Invest 99:763–772

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bach FH, Robson SC, Ferran C, Winkler H, Millan MT, Stuhlmeier KM, Vanhove B, Blakely ML, van der Werf WJ, Hofer E, De Martin R, Hancock WW (1994) Endothelial cell activation and thromboregulation during xenograft rejection. Immunol Rev 141:5–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bach FH, Winkler H, Ferran C, Hancock WW, Robson SC (1996) Delayed xenograft rejection. Immunol Today 17:379–384

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bach FH, Hancock WW, Ferran C (1997a) Protective genes expressed in endothelial cells-a regulatory response to injury. Immunol Today 18:483–486

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bach FH, Ferran C, Soares M, Wrighton CJ, Anrather J, Winkler H, Robson SC, Hancock WW (1997b) Modification of vascular responses in xenotransplantation-inflammation and apoptosis. Nature Med 3:944–948

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bach FH, Ferran C, Soares M, Wrighton CJ, Anrather J, Winkler H. Robson SC, Hancock WW (1997c) Modification of vascular responses in xenotransplantation: inflammation and apoptosis. Nature Med 3:944–948

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bach FH, Ferran C, Hechenleitner P, Mark W, Koyamada N, Miyatake T, Winkler H, Badrichani A, Candinas D, Hancock WW (1997d) Accommodation of vascularized xenografts: expression of “protective genes” by donor endothelial cells in a host Th2 cytokine environment. Nature Med 3:196–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Badrichani AZ, Stroka DM, Bilbao G, Curiel DT, Bach FH, Ferran C (1999) Bel-2 and Bel-XL serve an anti-inflammatory function in endothelial cells through inhibition of NF-xB. Journal of Clinical Investigation 103 (4):543–533

    Google Scholar 

  • Baichwal VR, Baeuerle PA (1997) Activate NF-xB or die? Curr Bioi 7:R94–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balla G, Jacob HS, Balla J, Rosenberg M, Nath K, Apple F, Eaton JW, Vercellotti GM (1992) Ferritin: a cytoprotective antioxidant strategem of endothelium. J Bioi Chern 267:18148–18153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balla J, Jacob HS, Balla G, Nath K, Eaton JW, Vercelotti GM (1993) Endothelial-cell heme uptake from heme proteins: induction of sensitization and desensitization to oxidant damage. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 90:9285–9289

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bannett AD, McAlack RF, Raja R, Baquero A, Morris M (1987) Experiences with known ABOmismatched renal transplants. Transplant Proc 19:4543–4546

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beg AA, Baltimore D (1996) An essential role for NF-xB in preventing TNF-a-induced cell death. Science 274:782–784

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blakely ML, Van der Werf WJ, Berndt MC, Dalmasso AP, Bach FH, Hancock WW (1994) Activation of intragraft endothelial and mononuclear cells during discordant xenocraft rejection. Transplantation 58:1059–1066

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buttke TM, Sandstrom PA (1994) Oxidative stress as a mediator of apoptosis. Immunol Today 15:7–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Candinas D, Bach FH, Hancock WW (1996) Delayed xenograft rejection in complement-depleted Tcell-deficient rat recipients of guinea pig cardiac grafts. Transplantation Proceedings 28 (2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi AM, Alam J (1996) Heme oxygenase-I: function, regulation, and implication of a novel stressinducible protein in oxidant-induced lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Bioi 15:9–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chu ZL, McKinsey TA, Liu L, Gentry JJ Malim MH et al. (1997) Suppression of tumor necrosis factorinduced cell death by inhibitor of apoptosis c-IAP2 is under NF-kappaB control. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 94:10057–10062

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Collins BH, Cotterell AH, McCurry KR, Alvarado CG, Magee JC, Parker W, Platt JL (1995a) Cardiac xenografts between primate species provide evidence for the importance of the alpha-galactosyl determinant in hyperacute rejection. J Immunol 154:5500–5510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collins T, Read MA, Neish AS, Whitley MZ, Thanos D, et al. (1995b) Transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules: NF-xB and cytokine-inducible enhancers. FASEB J 9:899–909

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JT, Stroka DM, Brost jan C, Palmetshofer A, Bach FH, Ferran C (1996) A20 blocks endothelial cell activation through a NF-xB-dependent mechanism. J Bioi Chern 271:18068–18073

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cot ran RS, Pober JS (1989) Effects of cytokines on vascular endothelium: their role in vascular and immune injury. Kidney Int 35: 969–975

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenstein RS, Garcia MD, Pettingell W, Munro HN (1991) Regulation of ferritin and heme oxygenase synthesis in rat fibroblasts by different forms of iron. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 88:688–692

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ferran C, Stroka DM, Badrichani AZ, Cooper JT, Wrighton CJ, Soares M, Grey ST, Bach FH (1998) A20 inhibits NF-xB activation in endothelial cells without sensitizing to tumor necrosis factor-mediated apoptosis. Blood 91:2249–2258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galili U (1993) Interaction of the natural anti-Gal antibody with alpha-galactosyl epitopes: a major obstacle for xenotransplantation in humans. Immunol Today 14:480–482

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galili U, Swanson K (1991) Gene sequences suggest inactivation of alpha-l,3-galactosyltransferase in catarrhines after the divergence of apes from monkeys. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:7401–7404

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Galili U, Rachmilewitz EA, Peleg A, Flechner I (1984) A unique natural human IgG antibody with antialpha-galactosyl specificity. J Exp Med 160:1519–1531

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galili U, Macher BA, Buehler J, Shohet SB (1985) Human natural anti-alpha-galactosyl IgG II. The specific recognition of alpha (1-3)-linked galactose residues. J Exp Med 162:573–582

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galili U, Mandrell RE, Hamadeh RM, Shohet SB, Griffiss JM (1988) Interaction between human natural anti-alpha-galactosyl immunoglobulin G and bacteria of the human flora. Infect Immunol 56:1730–1737

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Good AH, Cooper DK, Malcolm AJ, Ippolito RM, Koren E, Neethling FA, Ye Y, Zuhdi N, Lamontagne LR (1992) Identification of carbohydrate structures that bind human antiporcine antibodies: implications for discordant xenografting in humans. Transplant Proc 24:559–562

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hancock WW, Buelow R, Sayegh MH, Turka LA (1998) Antibody-induced transplant arteriosclerosis is prevented by graft expression of anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic genes. Nature Med 4:1392–1396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison PM, Arosio P (1996) Ferritins-molecular properties, iron storage function and cellular regulation.Biochim Biophys Acta-Bioenergetics 1275:161–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasan R, Van den Bogaerde JB, Wallwork I, White DJ (1992) Evidence that long-term survival of concordant xenografts is achieved by inhibition of antispecies antibody production. Transplantation 54:408–413

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hattori R, Hamilton KK, McEver RP, Sims PJ (1989a) Complement proteins C5b-9 induce secretion of high molecular weight multimers of endothelial von Willebrand factor and translocation of granule membrane protein GMP-140 to the cell surface. J Biol Chem 264:9053–9060

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hattori R, Hamilton KK, Fugate RD, McEver RP, Sims PJ (1989b) Stimulated secretion of endothelial von Willebrand factor is accompanied by rapid redistribution to the cell surface of the intracellular granule membrane protein GMP-140. J Biol Chem 264:7768–7771

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa K, Navab M, Leitinger N, Fogelman AM, Lusis AJ (1997) Induction of heme oxygenase-1 inhibits the monocyte transmigration induced by mildly oxidized LDL. J Clin Invest 100:1209–1216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Karsan A, Yee E, Harlan JM (1996) Endothelial cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha is inhibited b the BcI-2 family member, A1. J Biol Chem 271:27201–27204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi T, Taniguchi S, Neethling FA, Rose AG, Hancock WW, Ye Y, Niekrasz M, Kosanke S, Wright LJ, White DJ, Cooper DK (1997) Delayed xenograft resection of pig-to-baboon cardiac transplants after cobra venom factor therapy. Transplantation 64:1255–1261

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koyamada N, Miyatake T, Candinas D, Mark W, Hechenleitner P, Hancock WW, Soares MP, Bach FH (1998) Transient complement inhibition plus T-cell immunosuppression induces long-term survival of mouse-to-rat cardiac xenografts. Transplantation 65:1210–1215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambrigts D, Sachs DH, Cooper DKC (1998) Discordant organ xenotransplantation in primates-world experience and current status. Transplantation 66:547–561

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Latinne D, Squifflet JP, De Bruyere M, Pirson Y, Gianello P, Sokal G, Alexandre GP (1989) Subclasses of ABO isoagglutinins in ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 21:641–642

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee PJ, Alam J, Wiegand GW, Choi AM (1996) Overexpression of heme oxygenase-l in human pulmonary epithelial cells results in cell growth arrest and increased resistance to hyperoxia. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 93:10303–10398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lesnikoski BA, Shaffer DA, Van der Werf WI, Dalmasso AP, Soares MP, Latinne D, Bazin H, Hancock WW, Bach FH (1995) Endothelial and host mononuclear cell activation and cytokine expression during rejection of pig-to-baboon discordant xenografts. Transplant Proc 27:290–291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leventhal JR, Sakiyalak P, Witson J, Simone P, Matas AJ, Bolman RM, Dalmasso AP (1994) The synergistic effect of combined antibody and complement depletion on discordant cardiac xenograft survival in nonhuman primates. Transplantation 57:974–978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin SS, Kooyman DL, Daniels LI, Daggett CW, Parker W, Lawson JH, Hoopes CW, Gullotto C, Li L, Birch P, Davis RD, Diamond LE, Logan JS, Platt JL (1997) The role of natural anti-Gal-Alpha-1-3gal antibodies in hyperacute rejection of pig-to-baboon cardiac xenotransplants. Transplant Immunol 5:212–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin SS, Widner BC, Byrne GW, Diamond LE, Lawson JH, Hoopes CW, Daniels LI, Daggett CW, Parker W, Harland RC, Davis RD, Bollinger RR, Logan JS, Platt JL (1998) The role of antibodies in acute vascular rejection of pig-to-baboon cardia transplants. J Clin Invest 101:1745–1756

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lozada C, Levin RI, Huie M, Hirschhorn R, Nairne D, Whitlow M, Recht PA, Golden B, Cronstein BN (1995) Identification of Clq as the heat-labile serum cofactor required for immune complexes to stimulate endothelial expression of the adhesion molecules E-selectin and intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules 1. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 92:8378–8382

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Maines MD (1997) The heme oxygenase system: a regulator of second messenger gases. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 37:517–554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mantovani A, Bussolino F, Introna M (1997) Cytokine regulation of endothelial cell function-from molecular level to the bedside. Immunol Today 18:231-240

    Google Scholar 

  • McCurry KR, Parker W, Cotterell AH, Weidner BC, Lin SS, Daniels LI, Holzknecht ZE, Byrne GW, Diamond LE, Logan JS, Platt JL (1997) Humoral responses to pig-to-baboon cardiac transplantation-implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of acute vascular rejection and for accommodation. Human Immunol 58:91–105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyatake T, Sato K, Takigami K, Koyamada N, Hancock WW, Bazin H, Latinne D, Bach FH, Soares MP (1998) Complement-fixing elicited antibodies are a major component in the pathogenesis of xenograft rejection. Journal of Immunology 160 (8):4114–23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morita T, Kourembanas S (1995) Endothelial cell expression of vasoconstrictors and growth factors is regulated by smooth muscle cell-derived carbon monoxide. J Clin Invest 96:2676–2682

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Opipari AJ, Hu HM, Yabkowitz R, Dixit VM (1992) The A20 zinc finger protein protects cells from tumor necrosis factor cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 267:12424–12427

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Otterbein LE, Bach FH, Alam J, Soares M, Tao HL, Wysk M, Davis R, Flavell R, A.M.K. C (2000) Carbon monoxide mediates anti-inflammatory effects via the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway. Nature Medicine in press

    Google Scholar 

  • Otterbein L, Sylvester SL, Choi AM (1995) Hemoglobin provides protection against lethal endotoxemia in rats: the role of heme oxygenase-l. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 13:595–601

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Otterbein L, Chin BY, Otterbein SL, Lowe VC, Fessler HE, Choi AM (1997) Mechanism of hemoglobininduced protection against endotoxemia in rats: a ferritin-independent pathway. Am J Physiol 272:L268–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker W, Saadi S, Lin SS, Holzknecht ZE, Bustos M, Platt JL (1996) Transplantation of discordant xenografts: a challenge revisited. Immunol Today 17:373–378

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrache I, Alam J, Choi AMK (1997) Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inhibits tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFa)-induced apoptosis in L929 cells. In: Cold Spring Harbor Seminar: Apoptosis. Cold Spring Habor, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Picard V, Epszteijn S, Santambrogio P, Cabantchik ZI, Beaumont C (1998) Role of Ferritin in the control of the labile iron pool in murine erythroleukemia cells. J Biol Chem 273:15382–15386

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Platt JL (1998) New directions for organ transplantation. Nature 392:11–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Platt JL, Nath KA (1998) Heme oxygenase: protective gene or Trojan horse. Nature Med 4:1364–1365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Platt JL, Vercellotti GM, Lindman BJ, Oegema TR, Jr. Bach FH, Dalmasso AP (1990) Release of hepar an sulfate from endothelial cells. Implications for pathogenesis of hyperacute rejection. J Exper Med 171: 1363–1368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pober JS, Cotran RS (1990) The role of endothelial cells in inflammation. Transplantation 50:537–544

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poss KD, Tonegawa S (1997a) Heme oxygenase 1 is required for mammalian iron reutilization. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 94:10919–10924

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Poss KD, Tonegawa S (1997b) Reduced stress defense in heme oxygenase I-deficient cells. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 94:10925–10930

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pruitt SK, Bollinger RR, Collins BH, Marsh HJ, Levin JL, Rudolf AR, Baldwin WW, Sanfilippo F (1997) Effect of continuous complement inhibition using soluble complement receptor type 1 on survival of pig-to-primate cardiac xenografts. Transplantation 63:900–902

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinders JH, de Groot PG, Sixma JJ, van Mourik JA (1988) Storage and secretion of von Willebrand factor by endothelial cells. Haemostasis 18:246–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robson SC, Kaczmarek E, Siegel JB, Candinas D, Koziak K, Millan M, Hancock WW, Bach FH (1997) Loss of ATP diphosphohydrolase activity with endothelial cell activation. J Exper Med 185:153–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roy N, Deveraux QL, Takahashi R, Salvesen GS, Reed JC (1997) The c-IAP-1 and c-IAP-2 proteins are direct inhibitors of specific caspases. EMBO J 16:6914–6925

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Saadi S, Platt JL (1995) Transient perturbation of endothelial integrity induced by natural antibodies and complement. J Exper Med 181:21–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saadi S, Holzknecht RA, Patte CP, Stern DM, Platt JL (1995) Complement mediated regulation of tissue factor activity in endothelium. J Exp Med 182:1807–1814

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scarpati EM, Sadler JE (1989) Regulation of endothelial cell coagulant properties. Modulation of tissue factor, plasminogen activator inhibitors, and thrombomodulin by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and tumor necrosis factor. J Biol Chem 264:20705–20713

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slapak M, Naik RB, Lee HA (1981) Renal transplant in a patient with major donor-recipient blood group incompatibility: reversal of acute rejection by the use of modified plasmapheresis. Transplantation 31:4–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soares MP, Brouard S, Smith RN, Otterbein L, Choi AM, Bach FH (2000) Expression of heme oxygenase-1 by endothelial cells: a protective response to injury in transplantation. Emerging therapeutic targets 4 (1):11–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soares MP, Lin Y, Sato K, Stuhlmeier KM, Bach FH (1999) Accommodation. Immunology Today 20 (10):434–437 (1999 b)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soares MP, Lin Y, Sato K, Takigami K, Anrather J, Ferran C, Robson SC, Bach FH (1999) Pathogenesis of and potential therapies for delayed xenograft rejection. Current opinion in organ transplantation 4:80–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soares MP, Muniappan A, Kaczmarek E, Koziak K, Wrighton CJ, et al. (1998a) Adenovirus mediated expression of a dominant negative mutant of p65/Re1A inhibits proinflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells without sensitizing to apoptosis. J Immunol 161:4572–4582

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soares MP, Lin Y, Anrather J, Csizmadia E, Takigami K, Sato K, Grey ST, Colvin RB, Choi AM, Poss KD, Bach FH (1998b) Expression of heme oxygenase-l (HO-l) can determine cardiac xenograft survival. Nature Med 4:1073–1077

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stocker R, Yamamoto Y, McDonagh AF, Glazer AN, Ames BN (1987) Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance. Science 235:1043–1046

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stroka DM, Badrichani AZ, Bach FH, Ferran C (1999) Overexpression of AI, an NF-xB-inducible antiapoptotic bcl gene, inhibits endothelial cell activation. Blood 93 (11):3803–3810

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tedesco F, Pausa M, Nardon E, Introna M, Mantovani A, Dobrina A (1997) The cytolytically inactive terminal complement complex activates endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules and tissue factor procoagulant activity. J Exper Med 185:1619–1627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Utgaard JO, Jahnsen FL, Bakka A, Brandtzaeg P, Haraldsen G (1998) Rapid secretion of presto red interleukin 8 from Weibel-Palade bodies of microvascular endothelial cells. J Exper Med 188:1751–1756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vanantwerp DJ, Martin SJ, Kafri T, Green DR, Verma IM (1996) Suppression ofTNF-a-induced apoptosis by NF-xB. Science 274:787–789

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van den Berg RH, Faber-Krol MC, Sim RB, Daha MR (1998) The first subcomponent of complement, Clq, triggers the production of IL-8, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant peptide-l by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Immunol 161:6924–6930

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vanhove B, Bach FH (1993) Human xenoreactive natural antibodies-avidity and targets on porcine endothelial cells. Transplantation 56:1251–1253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner CT, Durante W, Christodoulides N, Hellums JD, Schafer AI (1997) Hemodynamic forces induce the expression of heme oxygenase in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 100:589–596

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang CY, Mayo MW, Baldwin AS (1996) TNF-and cancer therapy-induced apoptosis-potentiation by inhibition of NF-xB. Science 274:784–787

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willis D, Moore AR, Frederick R, Willoughby DA (1996) Heme oxygenase: a novel target for the modulation of the inflammatory response. Nature Med 2:87–90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff B, Burns AR, Middleton J, Rot A (1998) Endothelial cell memory of inflammatory stimulation-human venular endothelia cells store interleukin 8 in Weibel-Palade bodies. J Exper Med 188:1757–1762

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong GH, Elwell JH, Oberley LW, Goeddel DV (1989) Manganous superoxide dis mutase is essential for cellular resistance to cytotoxity of tumor necrosis factor. Cell 58:923–931

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wrighton CJ, Hofer WR, Moll T, Eytner R, Bach FH, de Martin R (1996) Inhibition of endothelial cell activation by adenovirus-mediated expression of IxBa, an inhibitor of the transcription factor NFxB. J Exp Med 183:1013–1022

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu MX, Ao Z, Prasad KV, Wu R, Schlossman SF (1998) IEX-IL, an apoptosis inhibitor involved in NFxB-mediated cell survival. Science 281:998–1001

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu H, Gundry SR, Hancock WW, Matsumiya G, Zuppan CW, Morimoto T, Slater J, Bailey LL (1998) Prolonged discordant xenograft survival and delayed xenograft rejection in a pig-to-baboon orthotopic cariac xenograft model. J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg 115:1342–1349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yachie A, Niida Y, Wada T, Igarashi N, Kaneda H, Toma T, Ohta K, Kasahara Y, Koizumi S (1999) Oxidative stress causes enhanced endothelial cell injury in human heme oxygenase-l deficiency. J Clin Invest 103:129–135

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. M. P. Soares
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. Ferran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. Sato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. Takigami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J. Anrather
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Y. Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. F. H. Bach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Human Genetics Department of Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland

    V. Boulyjenkov

  2. Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    K. Berg

  3. Department of Medical Genetics, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

    K. Berg

  4. Fondation IPSEN, Pour la Recherche Thérapeutique, 24, rue Erlanger, 75781, Paris Cedex 16, France

    Y. Christen Ph. D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Soares, M.P. et al. (2000). Protective Responses of Endothelial Cells. In: Boulyjenkov, V., Berg, K., Christen, Y. (eds) Genes and Resistance to Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56947-0_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56947-0_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63086-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56947-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation