Abstract
In many immobilized-cell studies it is necessary to quantify the biomass in the gel. Biomass concentrations can be quantified by e.g. dry weight, cell number and protein measurements. A complicating factor in the case of immobilized cells is the presence of a matrix. For most methods biomass has to be separated from the immobilization matrix. This needs to be done completely without any loss of viability (when cell number or activity is determined) or destruction of the material (protein).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bailey JL. (1967) Techniques in protein chemistry. Elsevier publishing company, Amsterdam London New York
Bearden jr. JC. (1978) Quantitation of submicrogram quantities of protein by an improved protein-dye binding assay. Biochim Biophys Acta 533:525–529
Becker EW. (1994) Micoalgae: biotechnology and microbiology. Cambridge university press, Cambridge
Belkoura M, Benider A, Dauta A (1997) Influence de la température, de l’intensité lumineuse et du stade de croissance sur la composition biochimique de Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira & Krauss. Annls Limnol 1:3–11
Berges JA, Fisher AE, Harrison PJ. (1993) A comparison of Lowiy, Bradford and Smith protein assays using different protein standards and protein isolated from the marine diatom Thalassoria pseudonana. Marine Biology 115:187–193
Bollag DM, Rozycki MD, Edelstein SJ. (1996) Protein methods. Second edition. Wiley Liss, new York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore
Bradford MM. (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254
Cheong KH, Katayama Y, Seto M, Kuraishi H (1990) Estimation of cellular protein for monitoring the cell growth of bacteria in a photo-crosslinked polymer resin. J Ferm Bioeng 70:136–138
Freeman A, Blank T, Aharonowitz Y (1982) Protein determination of cells immobilized in cross-linked synthetic gels. Eur J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 14:13–15
Greenberg AE, Trussell RR, Clesceri LS. (1985) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 16th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington DC
Herbert D, Phipps PJ, Strange RE (1971) Chemical analysis of microbial cells. In: Norris JR (ed) Methods in microbiology, vol 5B. Academic Press, London New York pp 210–344
KockovĂ¡-KratochvĂlovĂ¡ (1990) Yeasts and yeast-like organisms. VCH publishers, Weinheim New York Cambridge Basel
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275
Martins dos Santos VAP, Vasilevska T, Kajuk B, Tramper J, Wijffels RH. (1997) Production and characterization of double-layer beads for coimmobilization of microbial cells. Biotechnol Ann Rev 3:227–244
Meijer EA, Wijffels RH. (1998) Development of a fast, reproducible and effective method for the extraction and quantification of proteins of micro algae. Biotechnol Tech 12:353–358
Park WS, Murphy PA, Glatz BA. (1990) Lipid metabolism and cell composition of the oleaginous yeast Apiotrichum curvatum grown at different carbon to nitrogen ratios. Can J Microbiol 36:318–326
Rausch T (1981) The estimation of micro-algal protein content and its meaning to the evaluation of algal biomass I. Comparison of methods for extracting protein. Hydrobiologia 78:237–251
Smith MR, Haan A de, Wijffels RH, Beuling EE, Vilchez C, Bont JAM de (1991) Analysis of growth and specific activities of immobilized microbial cells. Biotechnol Tech 5:323–326
Smith PK, Krohn RI, Hermanson GT, Mallia AK, Gartner FH, Provenzano MD, Fujimoto EK, Goeke NM, Olson BJ, Klenk DC. (1985) Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Anal Biochem 150:76–85
Verduyn C, Postma E, Scheffers WA, Dijken JP van (1990) Physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in aerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures. J General Microbiol 136:395–403
Wheelwright SM. (1991) Protein purification: design and scale up of downstream processing. Hanser publishers, Munich Vienna New York Barcelona
Wiechelman KJ, Braun RD, Fitzpatrick JD. (1988) Investigation of the bicinchoninic acid protein assay: identification of the groups responsible for color formation. Anal Biochem 175:231–237
Wijffels RH, Gooijer CD de, Kortekaas S, Tramper J (1991) Growth and substrate consumption of Nitrobacter agilis cells immobilized in carrageenan: part 2. Model evaluation. Biotechnol Bioeng 38:232–240
Williams (1984) Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 14th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists Inc, Arlington
General information dealing with protein quantification, cell composition and protein synthesis in yeasts and algae can be found in the following books. Those are only a few examples of many books published about these subjects.
Becker EW. (1994) Micoalgae: biotechnology and microbiology. Cambridge university press, Cambridge
Bollag DM, Rozycki MD, Edelstein SJ. (1996) Protein methods. Second edition. Wiley Liss, new York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore
KockovĂ¡-KratochvĂlovĂ¡ (1990) Yeasts and yeast-like organisms. VCH publishers, Weinheim New York Cambridge Basel
Wheelwright SM. (1991) Protein purification: design and scale up of downstream processing. Hanser publishers, Munich Vienna New York Barcelona
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Meijer, E.A., Wijffels, R.H. (2001). Quantity of Biomass Immobilized, Determination of Biomass Concentration. In: Wijffels, R.H. (eds) Immobilized Cells. Springer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56891-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56891-6_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-67070-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56891-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive