Abstract
Plasma expansion from a hot and dense source, where electric or electromagnetic energy is dissipated, to a low pressure environment, is a very general physical phenomenon which concerns a large variety of objects and covers a broad range of dimensions. The physical issues addressed are relevant to many subjects in science ranging from astrophysical objects [1,2], like supernovae and solar flares, to small laser spots [3-7] and cathode spots [8] (as in vacuum arc). On intermediate scale, it also includes expansion from thermal plasma sources (DC, RF, microwave torches) for plasma chemistry [9-11], as well as divertor region of Tokamak plasmas [12]. Applications of high density plasmas are laser plasma cutting, welding, heating, and annealing [9], and the generation of VUV and X-ray radiation [13]. For the latter two applications, a high temperature, multiple ionization, and high (laser) power densities are required. Laser produced plasmas are also projected to create modulated plasmas for plasma based free electron lasers. Finally in (vacuum) arc switching, the conductive properties of high density plasmas are used
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Schram, D., Mazouffre, S., Engeln, R., van de Sanden, M. (2001). The Physics of Plasma Expansion. In: Campargue, R. (eds) Atomic and Molecular Beams. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56800-8_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56800-8_14
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