Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vulva

  • Chapter
Pathologie der weiblichen Genitalorgane III

Part of the book series: Spezielle pathologische Anatomie ((3122,volume 20 / 3))

  • 78 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Die großen Schamlippen, Labia majora, wölben sich beiderseits unter dem Beckenboden zwischen den Oberschenkeln vor. Sie werden von subkutanem Fettgewebe gebildet und gehen ventral in den aus Fettgewebe bestehenden, der Symphyse vorgelagerten Schamberg, Mons pubis, über. Ventral sind sie durch die Commissura labiorum anterior und dorsal durch die Commissura labiorum posterior verbunden. Eine kleine Hautfalte, das Frenulum labiorum pudendi, überspannt die Fossa vestibuli vaginae vor der hinteren Kommissur. Die äußere Oberfläche der Labia majora ist pigmentiert und wird von Schamhaar bedeckt. Die innere Oberfläche ist unbehaart.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Abell E., Marks R., Jones E.W. (1975) Secondary syphilis: A clinieo-pathological review. Br J Dermatol 93: 53–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ambros R.A., Malfetano J.H., Carlson A., Mihm M.C. (1997) Non neoplastic epithelial alterations of the vulva: Recognition assessment and comparison of terminologies used among various specialities. Mod Pathol 10: 401–408

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen W.A., Franquemont D.W., Williams J., Taylor P.T., Crum C.P. (1991) Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and papillomaviruses: two separate entities? Am J Obstet Gynecol 165: 323–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Audet-Lapointe P., Paquin F., Guerard M.J., Charbonneau A., Methodt F., Morand G. (1980) Leiomyosarcoma of the vulva. Gynecol Oncol 10: 350–355

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Audisio T., Zarazaga J., Vainer O. (1999) A classification of vulvoscopic findings for clinical diagnosis. J Lower Genital Tract Disease 3: 7–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedi T.R., Pinkus H. (1976) Histopathological spectrum of erythema multiforme. Brit J Dermatol 95:243–250

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berth-Jones J., Graham-Brown R.A., Bums D.A. (1991) Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus-a review of 15 cases in young girls. Clin Exp Dermatol 16: 14–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertolini R. (1979) Weibliches Geschlechtssystem. In: Bertolini R. (Hrsg) Systematische Anatomie des Menschen. Volk und Gesundheit, Berlin, S 404–425

    Google Scholar 

  • Borel D.M. (1973) Cutaneous basosquamous carcinoma. Review of the literature and report of 35 cases. Arch Pathol 95: 293–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyce D.C., Valpey J.M. (1971) Acute ulcerative vulvitis of obscure etiology. Obstet Gynecol 38: 440

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bracken R.B., Johnson D.E., Miller L. S., Ayala A.G., Gomez J.J., Rutledge F. (1976) Primary carcinoma of the fern ale urethra. J Urol 116: 188–192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breen J.L., Neubecker R.D., Greenwald E., Gregori C.A. (1974) Basal cell carcinoma of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 46: 122–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Breslow A. (1970) Thiekness, cross-sectional areas and depth of invasion in the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. Ann Surg 172: 902–908

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruynzeel-Koomen C., van Wiehen D.F., Toonstra J., Berrens L., Bruynzeel P.L. (1986) The presence of IgE Molecules on epidermal Langerhans cells in patients with atopic dermitis. Arch Dermatol Res 278: 199–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campion M.J., Hacker N.F. (1998) Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. Semin Cutan Med Surg 17: 205–212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capraro V.J. (1971) Congenital anomalies. Clin Obstet Gynecol 14: 988–1012

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capraro V.J., Bayonet-Rivera N.P., Magoss I. (1970) Vulvar tumor in children due to prolapse of urethral mucosa. Am J Obstet Gynecol 108: 572–575

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carli P., Cattaneo A., Pimpinelli N., Cozza A., Bracco G., Giamnotti B. (1991) Immunohistochemical evidence of skin immune system involvement in vulvar lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Dermatologica 182: 18–22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson J.A., Ambros R., Malfetano J., Ross J., Grabowski R., Lamb P., Figge H., Mihm M.C. Jr (1998a) Vulvar lichen sclerosus and squamous cell carcinoma: a cohort, case control, and investigational study with historieal perspective; implications for chronic inflammation and sclerosis in the development of neoplasia. Hum Pathol 29: 932–948

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson J.A., Lamb P., Malfetano J., Ambros R.A., Mihm M.C. Jr (1998b) Clinicopathologic comparison of vulvar and extragenitallichen sclerosus: histologie variants, evolving lesions, and etiology of 141 cases. Mod Pathol 11: 844–854

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Catherwood A.E., Cohen E.S. (1951) Endometriosis with decidual reaction in episiotomy scar. Am J Obstet Gynecol 62: 1364–1366

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chafe W., Richards A., Morgan L.S., Wilkinson E. (1988) Unrecognized invasive carcinoma in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). Gynecol Oncol 31: 154–165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho D., Buscema J., Rosensheim N.B. et al. (1985) Primary breast cancer of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 66: 79

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuang T.Y., Su W.P.D., Perry H.O., Ilstrup D.M., Kurland L.T. (1983) Incidence and trend of herpes progenitalis. A 15-year population study. Mayo Clinic Proc 58: 436–441

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chung A.F., Woodruff J.M., Lewis J.L. (1975) Malignant melanoma of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 45: 638–646

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark W.H., From L., Bernardino E.A., Mihm M.C. (1969) The histogenesis and biologie behaviour of primary human malignant melanomas of the skin. Cancer Res 29: 705–727

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cox A.J., Watson W. (1972) Histologie variations in lesions of psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 106: 503–506

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creasman W.T., Phillips J.L., Menck H.R. (1997) The National Cancer Data Base Report on early stage invasive vulvar carcinoma. Cancer 80: 505–513

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crum C.P., Fu Y.S., Levin R.U., Richart R.M., Townsend D.E., Fenoglio C.M. (1982) Intraepithelial squamous lesions of the vulva: Biologie and histologie criteria for the distinction of condylomas from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 144: 77–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crum C.P., Ikenberg H., Richart R.M., Gissmann L. (1984) Human papillomavirus type 16 and early cervical neoplasia. N Eng J Med 30: 880–883

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruz-Jimenez P.R., Abell M.R. (1984) Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 36: 1860–1868

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtin J.P., Saigo P., Slucher B., Venkatraman E.S., Mychalczak B., Hoskins W.J. (1995) Soft-tissue sarcoma of the vagina and vulva: a clinicopathologic study. Obstet Gynecol 86: 269–272

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis J., Shapiro L., Baral J. (1983) Vulvitis circumscripta plasmacellularis. J Am Acad Dermatol 8: 413–416

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davos I., Abell M.B. (1976) Sarcomas of the vagina. Obstet Gynecol 47: 342–350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deardourff S.L., Deture F.A., Drylie D.M., Centifano Y., Kaufman N. (1974) Association between herpes hominis type 2 and the male genitourinary tract. J Urol 112: 126–127

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Belilovsky C., Lessana-Leibovitch M. (1993) Bowen’s disease and bowenoid papulosis: comparative clinical, viral, and disease progression aspects. Contracept Fertil Sex 21: 231–236

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dehner L.P. (1973) Metastatic and secondary tumors of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 42: 47–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Rosa G., Barra E., Gentile R., Boscaino A., Di Prisco B., Ayala F. (1989) Verruciform xanthoma of the vulva: case report. Genitourin Med 65: 252–254

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeSousa M., Lash F. (1959) Hemangiopericytoma of the vulva. Am J Obstet Gynecol 78: 295–298

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dewhurst J. (1968) Congenital malformations of the genital tract in childhood. J Obstet Gynaecol Brit Comm 75: 377–391

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dgani R., Czernobilsky B., Borenstein R. (1978) Granular cell myoblastoma of the vulva. Report of four cases. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 57: 385–387

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiSaia P.J. (1985) Management of superficially invasive vulvar carcinoma. Clin Obstet Gynecol 28: 196–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiSaia P.J., Creasman W.T. (1997) Clinical Gynecologic Oncology, 5th edn. Mosby, St.Louis, p 177

    Google Scholar 

  • DiSaia P.J., Rutkedge F., Smith J.P. (1971) Sarcoma of the vulva. Report of 12 patients. Obstet Gynecol 38: 180–184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiSaia P.J., Morrow C.P., Haverback B.I., Dyce B.J. (1976) Carcinoembryonic antigen in cervical and vulneral cancer patients. Serum levels and disease progress. Obstet Gynecol 47: 95–99

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas C.P. (1962) Lymphogranuloma venerum and granuloma inguinale of the vulva. J Obstet Gynaecol Brit Comm 69: 871–880

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn J.M. (1970) Congenital absence of the external genitals. J Reprod Med 4: 66 Clin Gynecol 14: 988-1012

    Google Scholar 

  • Evron S., Leviatan A., Okon E. (1984) Familial benign chronic pemphigus appearing as leukoplakia of the vulva. Int J Dermatol 23: 556

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flynt J., Gallup D.G. (1979) Childhood lichen sclerosus. Obstet Gynecol 53: 79S-81S

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin E.W., Rutledge F.D. (1971) Prognostic factors in epidermoid carcinoma of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 37: 892–901

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich E.G. Jr (1983) Vulvar disease, 2nd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich E.G. (1985) Vulvar dystrophies. Clin Obstet Gynecol 28: 178–187

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich E.G. Jr (1987) Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. J Reprod Med 32: 110–114

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich E.G., Wilkinson E.J. (1973) Mucous cysts of the vulvar vestibule. Obstet Gynecol 42: 407–414

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich E.G., Wilkinson E.J. (1982) The vulva. In: Blaustein A. (ed) Pathology of the female genital tract, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p p 13–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich E.G. Jr, Maclaren N.K. (1984) Genetic aspects of vulvar lichen sclerosus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 150: 161

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich E.G., Wilkinson E.J., Steingraeber P.H., Lewis J.L. (1975) Paget’s disease of the vulva and carcinoma of the breast. Obstet Gynecol 46: 130–134

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich E.G., Burch K., Bahr J.P. (1979) The vulvar dinic: An eight year appraisal. Am J Obstet Gynecol 135: 1036–1040

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fritz G.S., Hubler W.R., Dodson R.F., Rudolph A. (1975) Mutilating granuloma inguinale. Arch Dermat 111: 1464–1465

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gareia J.J., Verkauf B.S., Hochberg C.I., Ingram J.M. (1978) Aberrant breast tissue of the vulva. A case report and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol 52: 225–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Gissmann L., De Villiers E.M., zur Hausen H. (1982) Analysis of human genital warts (condylomata acuminatum) and other genital tumors for human papillomavirus type 6 DNA. Int J Cancer 29: 143–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gissmann L., Wolnik L., Ikenberg H., Koldowsky U., Schnureh H.G., zur Hausen H. (1983) Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 DNA sequences in genital and laryngeal papillomas and in some cervical cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 80: 560–563

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grabstald H., Hilaris B., Henschke U., Whitmore W.F. (1966) Cancer of the female urethra. JAMA 197:835–842

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granter S.R., Nucii M.R., Fleteher C.D.M. (1997) Aggressive angiomyxoma: reappraisal of its relationship to angiomyfibroblastoma in aseries of 16 cases. Histopathology 30: 3–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross G., Ikenberg H., De Villiers E.M., Schneider A., Wagner D., Gissmann L. (1986) Bowenoid papulosis: A venereally transmissible disease as reservoir for HPV 16. In: Peto R., zur Hausen H. (eds). Viral etiology of cervical cancer. 21 Banbury Report. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, p 149–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Guithart J. (1999) Spongiotic dermatitis. In: Farmer E.R., Hood A.F. (eds) Pathology of the skin. McGraw-Hill, NewYork, pp 151–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Hackel H., Hartmann A.A., Burg G. (1991) Vulvitis granulomatosa and anoperineitis granulomatosa. Dermatologica 182: 128–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann C.A., Sperling M., Stein H. (1990) So-called fibroepithelial polyps of the vagina exhibiting an unusual but uniform antigen profile characterized by expression of desmin and steroid hormone receptors but not mude-speeific actin or macrophage markers. Am J Clin Pathol 93: 604–608

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hellgren L. (1964) Psoriasis. Acta Derm Venerol 44: 191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks J.B., Wilkinson E.J., Kubilis P., Drew P., Blaydes S.M., Munakata S. (1994) Ki-67 expression in vulvar careinoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol 13: 205–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henson D., Tarone R. (1977) An epidemiologie study of cancer of the cervix, vagina and vulva based on the third National Cancer Survey in the Uni ted States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 129: 525–532

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hildesheim A., Han C.L., Brinton L.A., Kurman R.J., Schiller J.T. (1997) Human papillomavirus type 16 and risk of preinvasive and invasive vulvar cancer: results from a seroepidemiological case-control study. Obstet Gynecol 90: 748–754

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinze P., Feyler S., Berndt J., Knolle J., Katenkamp D. (1999) Malignant myoepithelioma of the vulva resembling a rhabdoid tumour. Histopathology 35: 50–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holder W.R., Duncan W.C. (1972) Lymphogranuloma venereum. Clin Obstet Gynecol 15: 1004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hood A.F., Farmer E.R. (1999) Interface dermatitis. In: Farmer E.R., Hood A.F. (eds) Pathology of the skin. McGraw-Hill, NewYork, pp 190–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Hording U., Daugaard S., Iversen A.K., Knudsen J., Bock J.E., Norrild B. (1991) Human papillomavirus type 16 in vulvar careinoma, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, and assoeiated cervical neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 42: 22–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hording U., Junge J., Daugaard S., Lundvall F., Poulsen H., Bock J.E. (1994) Vulvar squamous cell careinoma and papillomaviruses: indications for two different etiologies. Gynecol Oncol 52: 241–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hording U., Junge J., Poulsen H., Lundvall F. (1995) Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III: a viral disease of undetermined progressive potential. Gynecol Oncol 56: 276–279

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Husseinzadeh N., Zaino R., Nahhas W.A., Mortel R. (1983) The significance of histologie findings in predicting nodal metastasis in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Gynecol Oncol 16: 105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iversen T., Abeleler V., Alders J. (1981) Individualized treatment of stage I careinoma of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 57: 85–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Japaze H., Gareia-Bunvel R., Woodruff J. D. (1977) Primary vulvar neoplasia: A review of in situ and invasive careinoma 1935-1972. Obstet Gynecol 49: 404–411

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Japaze H., van Dinh T., Woodruff J.D.E. (1982) Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva: Study of 24 cases. Obstet Gynecol 60: 462–466

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeerepaet P., Ackerman A.B. (1973) Histologie patterns of secondary syphilis. Arch Dermatoll 07: 373–377

    Google Scholar 

  • Junard T.A., Thomas S.M. (1981) Cysts of the vulva and vagina: A comparative study. Int J Gynecol Obstet 19: 239

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagie M.T., Kenter G.G., Tollenaar R.A., Hermans T., Trimbos J.B., Fleuren G.J. (1997) p53 protein overexpression is common and independent of human papillomavirus infection in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Cancer 80: 1228–1233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz S.I., Hertz K.C., Yaoita H. (1976) Herpes gestationis. immunopathology and charcacterization of the HG factor. J Clin Invest 57: 1434–1441

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman R.H., Gardner H.L. (1978) Vulvar dystrophies. Clin Obstet Gynecol 21: 1081–1106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman R.H., Gardner H.L., Brown D., Beyth Y. (1974) Vulvar dystrophies: An evaluation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 120: 363–367

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman R.H., Adam E., Mirkovic R.R., Melnik J.L., Yung R.L. (1978) Treatment of genital herpes simplex virus infection with photodynamic inactivation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 132: 861–869

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller J.M., Maize C. (1996) The clinical and histological differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Semin Oncol 23: 693–702

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kersting D.W. (1963) Clear cell hidradenoma and hidradenocarcinoma. Arch Dermatol 87: 323–333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiene P., Milde-Langosch K., Löning T. (1991) Human papillomavirus infection in vulvar lesions of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Arch Dermatol Res 283: 445–448

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim N., Eom J.Y., Sim W.Y. et al. (1992) Crohn’s disease of the vulva. J Am Acad Dermatol 27: 764–765

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim Y.T., Thomas N.F., Kessis T.D., Wilkinson E.J., Hedrick L., Cho K.R. (1996) p53 mutations and clonality in vulvar carcinomas and squamous hyperplasias do not serve as direct precursors of human papillOipavirus-negative vulvar carcinomas. Hum Pathol 27: 389–395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitchner H.C., Cordiner I.W., Eglin R.B. (1982) Latency ofherpes simplex virus in uterosacralligaments. Am J Obstet Gynecol 143: 839–840

    Google Scholar 

  • Knapp J.S., Zenilman J.M., Thompson S.E. (1990) Gonorrhea. In: Morse S.A., Moreland A.A., Thompson S.E. (eds) Atlas of sexually transmitted diseases. Gower, New York, ch 5

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlberger P.D., Kirnbauer R., Baneher D., Gitsch G., Reinthaller A., Leodolter S., Tschachler E., Kainz C., Breitenecker G. (1998) Absence of p53 protein overexpression in precancerous lesions of the vulva. Cancer 82: 323–327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kucera P.R., Glazer J. (1985) Hydrocele of the canal of nuck: Areport of four cases. J Reprod Med 30:439

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurman R.J., Norris H.J., Wilkinson E. (1992) Tumors of the Vagina and Vulva. In: Rosai J., Sobin H.L. (eds) Atlas of tumor pathology. Tumors of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. AFIP, Washington, pp 141–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Laskin W.B., Fetsch J.F., Tavassoli F.A. (1997) Angiomyofibroblastoma of the female genital tract: analysis of 17 cases including a lipomatous variant. Hum Pathol 28: 1046–1055

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leibowitch M., Neill S., Pelisse M., Moyal-Baracco M. (1990) The epithelial changes associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a review of the clinical, histological ad viral findings of 78 women. Br J Obstet Gynecol 97: 1135–1139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leppard B.J., Sanderson K.V., Wells R.S. (1977) Hereditary trichilemmal cysts. Clin Exp Dermatol 2: 23–29

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leppien G. (1986) Sarkome der weiblichen Genitalorgane. In: Schmidt-Matthiesen H. (Hrsg) Spezielle gynäkologische Onkologie I. Vorsorge und Früherkennung. Tumoren der Vulva und Vagina, der Zervix und des Corpus uteri. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München, S 265–281 (Klinik der Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Bd 11)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leuchter R.S., Hacker N.F., Voet R.L., Berek J.S., Townsend D.E., Lagasse L.D. (1982) Primary carcinoma of the Bartholin gland: A report of 14 cases and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol 60: 361–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim H.W.P., Brynstryn J.C. (1978) Bullous diseases. Clin Obstet Gynecol 21: 1007–1022

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch P.J. (1978) Sexually transmitted diseases: granuloma inguinale, lymphogranuloma venerum, chancroid, and infectious syphilis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 21: 1041–1052

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch P.J., Minkin W. (1968) Molluscum contagiosum of the adult. Probable veneral transmission. Arch Dermatol 98: 141–143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacMillan D.C., Vickers H.R. (1971) Fox-Fordyce disease. Br J Dermatol 84: 181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann M.S., Kaufmann R.H., Brown D. et al. (1992) Vulvar vestibulitis: significant variables and treatment outcome. Obstet Gynecol 79: 122–125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall F.C., Uson A.C., Melicow M.M. (1960) Neoplasma and caruncles of the female urethra. Surg Gynecol Obstet 110: 723–733

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin III R.W., Michel B., Bergfeld W.F. (1990) Intraepidermal vesicular, bullous, & pustular dermatoses. In: Farmer E.R., Hood A.F. (eds) Pathology of the skin. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 222–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Marwah S., Bergman M.L. (1980) Ectopic salivary gland in the vulva (choristoma): Report of a case and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol 56: 398

    Google Scholar 

  • Massad L.S., Ahuja J., Bitterman P. (1999) Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Gynecol Oncol 73: 315–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meisels A., Fortin R. (1976) Condylomatous lesion of the cervix and vagina. I. Cytologic patterns. Acta Cytologica 20: 505–509

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meisels A., Morin C. (1981) Human papilloma virus and cancer of the uterine cervix. Gynecol Oncol 12: 5111–5113

    Google Scholar 

  • Meissner K., Riviere A., Haupt G., Löning T. (1990) Study of Neu-protein expression in mammary Paget’s disease with and without underlying breast carcinoma and in extramammary Paget’s disease. Am J Pathol 137: 1305–1309

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merlob P., Behar C., Liban E., Resiner S.H. (1978) Cysts of the female external gentalia in the newborn infant. JAMA 235: 56–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf J.S. (1996) Melanoma: Criteria for histological diagnosis and its reporting. Semin Oncol 23:688–692

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Micheletti L., Barbero M., Preti M., Zanotto Valentino M.C., Chiringhello B., Pippione M. (1994) Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia of low grade: achallenging diagnosis. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 15:70–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milde-Langosch K., Albrecht K., Joram S., Schlechte H., Giessing M., Löning T. (1995) Presence and persistence of HPV infection and p53 mutation in cancer of the cervix uteri and the vulva. Int J Cancer 63: 639–645

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moll I., Moll R. (1985) Cells of extramammary Paget’s disease express cytokeratins different from those of epidermal cells. J Invest Dermat 84: 3–8

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moreland A.A., Bryan J., Shafran S.D. (1990) Genital Herpes. In: Morse S.A., Moreland A.A., Thompson S.E. (eds) Atlas of sexually transmitted diseases. Gower, New York, ch 2

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrow C.P., DiSaia P.J. (1976) Malignant melanoma of the fern ale gentalia. A clinical analysis. Obstet Gynecol Survey 31: 233–271

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mu X.C., Tran T.A., Dupree M., Carlson J.A. (1999) Acquired vulvar lymphangioma mimicking genital warts. A case report and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 26: 150–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muller G., Jacobs P. H., Moore N. E. (1973) Scraping for human scabies. A better method for positive preparations. Arch Dermat 107: 70

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neill S.M., Smith N.P., Eady R.A. (1984) Ulcerative sarcoidosis: A rare manifestation of a common disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 9: 277

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niebyl J.R., Genadry R., Friedrich E.G., Wilkinson E.J., Woodruff J.D. (1974) Vulvar carcinoma with hypercalcemia. Obstet Gynecol 45: 343–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen G.P., Rosenberg A.E., Young R.H., Dickersin G.R., Clement P.B., Scully R.E. (1996) Angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva and the vagina. Mod Pathol 9: 284–291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nucci M.R., Young R.H., Fletcher C.D.M. (1999) Cellular pseudosarcomatous fibroepithelial stromal polyps of the lower female genital tract: An underrecognized lesion often misdiagnosed as sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol, in press

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Duffy J.D., Carney J.A., Deodhar S. (1971) Behcet’s disease. Report of 10 cases, 3 with new manifestations. Ann Int Med 75: 561–570

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parker R.T., Duncan I., Rampone J., Creasman W. (1975) Operative management of early invasive epidermoid carcinoma of the vulva. Am J Obstet Gynecol 123: 349–355

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paterok E. (1998) Vulva und Vagina. In: Hermanek P., Hutter R.V.P., Sobin L.H. et al. (Hrsg) TNM-Atlas. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg NewYork Tokyo, S 215–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Person J.R., Rogers R.S. (1977) Bullous and cicatricial pemphigoid-Clinical, histopathologic, and immunopathologic correlations. Mayo Clinic Proc 52: 54–66

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen E.E. (1988) Infektionen in der Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillsbury D.M., Shelley W.B., Kligman A.M. (1956) Dermatology. Saunders, Philadelphia, p 481

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinkus S.H., Stadecker M.J. (1987) Vulvar dystrophies ad noninfectious inflammatory conditions. In: Wikinson E.J. (ed) Contemporary issues in surgical pathology. Pathology of the vulva and vagina, vol. 9. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 11–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Podratz K.C., Gaffey T.A., Symmonds R.E., Johansen K.J., O’Brien PC (1983) Melanoma of the vulva. An update. Gynecol Oncol 16: 153–168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell L.C., Dinh T.V., Rajaraman S. et al. (1986) Carcinoma in situ of the vulva: A clinicopathological study of 50 cases. J Reprod Med 31: 808

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reed R.J., Parkinson R.P. (1977) The histogenesis of molluscum contagiosum. Am J Surg Path 1: 161–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robboy S.J., Ross J.S., Prat J., Keh P.C., Welch W.R. (1978) Urogenital sinus origin of mucinous and ciliated cysts of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 51: 347–351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodke G., Friedrich E.G. Jr, Wilkinson E.J. (1988) Malignant potential of mixed vulvar dystrophy (lichen sclerosus associated with squamous cell hyperplasia). J Reprod Med 33: 545–550

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers R.E., Bums B. (1969) Carcinoma of the female urethra. Obstet Gynecol 33: 54–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rorat E., Wallach R.C. (1984) Mixed tumors of the vulva: Clinical outcome and pathology. Int J Gynecol Pathol 3: 323–328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schachter J., Dawson C.R. (1976) Lymphogranuloma venerum. JAMA 236: 915–916

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheistroen M., Trope C., Pettersen E.O., Nesland J..M (1999) p53 pro tein expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Cancer 85: 1133–1138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber M.M. (1963) Vulvar von Recklinghausen’s disease. Arch Dermat 88: 320–321

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scurry J., Beshay V., Cohen C., Allen D. (1998) Ki67 expression in lichen sclerosus of vulva in patients with and without associated squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 32: 399–404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sedlis A., Homesley H., Bundy B.N. et al. (1987) Positive groin lymph nodes in superficial squamous cell vulvar cancer. A GOG study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 156: 1159–1164

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shatz P., Bergeron C., Wilkinson E.J., Arsenau J., Ferenczy A. (1989) Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia skin appendage involvement. Obstet Gynecol 74: 769–774

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheng X., Sun J. (1995) Sarcoma of vulva: a clinical retrospective analysis of 10 cases. Chung Hua Fu Chan Ko Tsa Chih 30: 483–485

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smoller B.R. (1999) Psoriasiform dermatitis. In: Farmer E.R., Hood A.F. (eds) Pathology of the skin. McGraw-Hili, New York, pp 170–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Sondergaard K., Schou G. (1985) Survival with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma evaluated from 2012 cases. Virchows Arch [A] 406: 179–195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnendecker E.W., Cohen R.J., Dreyer L., Sher R.C., Findlay G.H. (1993) Neuroma of the vulva. A case report. J Reprod Med 38: 33–36

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strand A., Vahlne A., Svennerholm B., Wallin J., Lycke E. (1986) Asymptomatic virus shedding in men with genital herpes infection. Scand J Infect Dis 18: 195–197

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sturgeon S.R., Brinton L.A., Devesa S.S., Kurman R.J. (1992) In situ and invasive vulvar cancer incidence trends (1973 to 1987). Am J Obstet Gynecol 166: 1482–1485

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tavassoli F.A., Norris H.J. (1979) Smooth tumors of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 53: 213–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tempfer C., Sliutz G., Haensler G., Speiser P., Reinthaler A., Breitenecker G., Vavra N., Kainz C. (1998) CD44v3 and v6 variant isoform expression correlates with poor pro gnosis in early-stage vulvar cancer. Br J Cancer 78: 1091–1094

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas J., Majmudar B., Gorelkin L. (1976) Syringoma localized to the vulva. Arch Dermat 115: 95–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomssen C., Löning T. (2000) Sarkome der weiblichen Genitalorgane. In: Bender H.G. (Hrsg) Spezielle Gynäkologische Onkologie I. Klinik der Frauenheilkunde und Geburthilfe. Urban & Fischer, München (im Druck)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson S.E., Larsen S.A., Moreland A.A. (1990) Syphilis. In: Morse S.A., Moreland A.A., Thompson S.E. (eds) Atlas of sexually transmitted diseases. Gower, NewYork, ch 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulbright T.M., Stehman F.B., Roth L.M., Ehrlich C.E., Ransbury R.C. (1982) Bowenoid dysplasia of the vulva. Cancer 50: 2910–2919

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulbright T.M., Brokaw S.T., Stehman F.B., Roth L.M. (1983) Epitheloid sarcoma of the vulva. Evidence suggesting a more aggressive behaviour than extra genital epitheloid sarcoma. Cancer 52: 1462–1469

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uyemura K., Yamamura M., Fivenson D.P., Modlin R.L., Nickoloff B.J. (1993) The cytokine network in lesional and lesion-free psoriatic skin is characterized by a T-helper type 1 cell-mediated response. J Invest Dermatol 101: 701–705

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Putte S.C.J. (1991) Anogenital „sweat“ glands. Histology and pathology of a gland that mimic mammary glands. Am J Dermatopathol 13: 557–567

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vasquez M.D., Ro J.Y., Park Y.W., Tornos C.S., Ordonez N.G., Ayala A. (1999) Angiomyofibroblastoma. A clinicopathologic study of eight cases and review ofliterature. Int J Surg Pathol 7: 161–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Vilmer C., Cavalier-Balloy B., Nogues C., Trassard M., Le Doussal V. (1998) Analysis of alterations adjacent to invasive vulvar carcinoma and their relationship with the associated carcinoma: a study of 67 cases. Eur J Gynecol Oncol 19: 25–31

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volgger B., Marth C., Zeimet A., Muller-Holzner E., Ruth N., Dapunt O. (1997) Fulminant course of a microinvasive vulvar carcinoma in an immunsuppressed woman. Gynecol Oncol 65: 177–179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wade T.R., Kopf A.W., Ackerman A.B. (1978) Bowenoid papulosis of the penis. Cancer 42: 1890–1903

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wade T.R., Kopf A.W., Ackerman A.B. (1979) Bowenoid papulosis of the genitalia. Arch Dermatol 115: 306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson E.J. (1991) Superficially invasive carcinoma of the vulva. Clin Obstet Gynecol 34: 651–661

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson E.J. (1994a) Benign diseases of the Vulva. In: Kurman R.J. (ed) Blaustein’s pathology of the female genital tract. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 31–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson E.J. (1994b) Praemalignant and malignant tumors of the vulva. In: Kurman R.J. (ed) Blaustein’s pathology of the female genital tract. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo,pp 87–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson E.J., Kneale B., Lynch P.J. (1986) Report of the ISSVD Terminology Committee. J Reprod Med 31: 973–974

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson E.J., Guerrero E., Daniel R., Shah K., Stone I.K., Hardt N.S., Friedrich E.G. (1993) Vulvar vestibulitis is rarely associated with human papillomavirus infection types 6, 11, 16, or 18. Int J Gynecol Pathol 12: 344–349

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodworth H., Dockerty M.B., Wilson R.B., Pratt J.H. (1971) Papillary hidradenoma of the vulva: A clinicopathologic study of 69 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 110: 501–508

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yobs A.R., Brown L., Hunter E.T. (1964) Fluorescent antibody technique in early syphilis. Arch Pathol 77: 220–225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young A.W., Herman E.W., Tovell H.M. (1980) Syringoma of the vulva: Incidence, diagnosis, and cause of pruritus. Obstet Gynecol 55: 515–518

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. L. Riethdorf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Riethdorf, L. (2001). Vulva. In: Pathologie der weiblichen Genitalorgane III. Spezielle pathologische Anatomie, vol 20 / 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56781-0_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56781-0_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63049-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56781-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation