Skip to main content

Endometriumkarzinom

  • Chapter
  • 70 Accesses

Part of the book series: Spezielle pathologische Anatomie ((3122,volume 20 / 3))

Zusammenfassung

Mit einem Anteil von 5, 6% an allen bösartigen Tumoren ist das Endometriumkarzinom nach Mamma- und kolorektalem Karzinom die dritthäufigste Krebserkrankung der Frau (Arbeitsgemeinschaft bevölkerungsbezogener Krebsregister in Deutschland 1997). Die Inzidenz steigt mit dem Alter kontinuierlich an und erreicht ihren Gipfel zwischen dem 70. und 80. Lebensjahr (mittleres Erkrankungsalter: 68 Jahre) (Abb.233).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Abeler V., Kjorstad K.E. (1990a) Endometrial squamous cell carcinoma: report of three cases and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 36: 321–326

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abeler V.M., Kjorstad K.E. (1990b) Serous papillary carcinoma of the endometrium: a histopathological study of 22 cases. Gynecol Oncol 39: 266–271

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abeler V.M., Kjorstad K.E. (1991) Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium: a histopathological and clinical study of 97 cases. Gynecol Oncol 40: 207–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abeler V.M., Kjorstad K.E., Nesland J.M. (1991) Undifferentiated carcinoma of the endometrium. A histopathologie and elinical study of 31 cases. Cancer 68: 98–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abeler V.M., Vergote I.B., Kjorstad K.E., Trope C.G. (1996) Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Prognosis and metastatie pattern. Cancer 78: 1740–1747

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alberhasky R.C., Connelly P.J., Christopherson W.M. (1982) Carcinoma of the endometrium. IV. Mixed adenosquamous carcinoma. A clinical-pathologieal study of 68 cases with long-term follow-up. Am J Clin Pathol 77: 655–664

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ambros R.A. (1992) C-myc gene expression in stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus. Mater Med Pol 24: 76–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ambros R.A., Kurman R.J. (1992a) Combined assessment of vascular and myometrial invasion as a model to predict prognosis in stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus. Cancer 69: 1424–1431

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ambros R.A., Kurman R.J. (1992b) Identification of patients with stage I uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma at high risk of recurrence by DNA ploidy, myometrial invasion, and vascular invasion. Gynecol Oncol 45: 235–239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ambros R.A., Vigna P.A., Figge J. et al. (1994) Observations on tumor and metastatie suppressor gene status in endometrial carcinoma with particular emphasis on p53. Cancer 73: 1686–1692

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ambros R.A., Sherman M.E., Zahn C.M., Bitterman P., Kurman R.J. (1995) Endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma: a distinctive lesion specifically associated with tumors displaying serous differentiation. Hum Pathol 26: 1260–1267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anders S., Riethdorf S., Riethdorf L., Löning T. (1999) Loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 3, 9,11,17, and 18 in endometrial carcinomas. Pathol Res Pract 195: 328 [Abstract]

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson B., Louis F., Watring W.G., Edinger D.D.J. (1980) Growth patterns in endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 10: 134–145

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arbeitsgemeinschaft bevölkerungsbezogener Krebsregister in Deutschland (1997) Krebs in Deutschland-Häufigkeiten und Trends. Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, Bonn/Saarbrücken

    Google Scholar 

  • Arlt M.F., Herzog T.J., Mutch D.G., Gersell D.J., Liu H., Goodfellow P.J. (1996) Frequent deletion of chromosome 1p sequences in an aggressive histologie subtype of endometrial cancer. Hum Mol Genet 5: 1017–1021

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkin N.B., Kay R. (1979) Prognostic significance of modal DNA value and other factors in malignant tumours, based on 1465 cases. Br J Cancer 40: 210–221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baak J.P. (1984) The use and disuse of morphometry in the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 179: 20–23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baak J.P., Kurver P.H., Overdiep S.H., Delemarre J.F., Boon M.E., Lindeman J., Diegenbach P.C. (1981) Quantitative, microscopical, computer-aided diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma in individual patients. Histopathology 5: 689–695

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Badib A.O., Kurohara S.S., Vongtama V.Y., Selim M.A., Webster J.H. (1970) Biologie behavior of adenoacanthoma of endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 106: 205–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baiocchi G., Kavanagh J.J., Talpaz M., Wharton J.T., Gutterman J.U., Kurzrock R. (1991) Expression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its receptor in gynecologic malignancies. Cancer 67: 990–996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bamberger A.M., Riethdorf L., Nollau P., Naumann M., Erdmann I., Götze J., Brummer J., Schulte H.M., Wagener C., Löning T. (1998) Dysregulated expression of CD66a (BGP, C-CAM), an adhesion molecule of the CEA family, in endometrial cancer. Am J Pathol 152: 1401–1406

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bamberger A.M., Riethdorf L., Milde-Langosch K., Bamberger C.M., Thüneke I., Erdmann I., Schulte H.M., Löning T. (1999) Strongly reduced expression of the cell cyele inhibitor p27 in endomet rial neoplasia. Virchows Arch 434: 423–428

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett H. (1965) Squamous cell carcinoma of the body of the uterus. J Clin Pathol 18: 715–722

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrowclough H., Jaarsma K.W. (1980) Adenoacanthoma of the endometrium: aseparate entity or a histological curiosity? J Clin Pathol 33: 1064–1067

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bast R.C. Jr, Hunter V., Knapp R.C. (1987) Pros and cons of gynecologic tumor markers. Cancer 60: 1984–1992

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berchuck A., Soisson A.P., Clarke Pearson D.L., Soper J.T., Boyer C.M., Kinney R.B., McCarty K.S. Jr, Bast R.C.J. (1989a) Immunohistochemical expression of CA 125 in endometrial adenocarcinoma: correlation of antigen expression with metastatic potential. Cancer Res 49: 2091–2095

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berchuck A., Soisson A.P., Olt G.J., Soper J.T., Clarke Pearson D.L., Bast R.C. Jr, McCarty K.S.J. (1989b) Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in normal and malignant endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 161: 1247–1252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berchuck A., Rodriguez G., Kinney R.B., Soper J.T., Dodge R.K., Clarke Pearson D.L., Bast R.C.J. (1991) Overexpression of HER-2/neu in endometrial cancer is associated with advanced stage disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164: 15–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berchuck A., Kohler M.F., Marks J.R., Wiseman R., Boyd J., Bast R.C.J. (1994) The p53 tumor suppressor gene frequently is altered in gynecologic cancers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170: 246–252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berchuck A., Evans A.C., Boyd J. (1997) Alterations of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in endometrial cancer. In: Langdon S.P., Miller W.R., Berchuck A. (eds) Biology of female cancers. CRC, Boca Raton/NY, pp 205–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergeron C., Nogales, Masseroli M., Abeler V., Duvillard P., Müller-Holzner E., Pickartz H., Wells M. (1999) A multicentric European study testing the reproducibility of the WHO classification of endometrial hyperplasia with a proposal of a simplified working classification for biopsy and curettage specimens. Am J Surg Pathol 23: 1102–1108

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bibro M.C., Kapp D.S., LiVolsi V.A., Schwartz P.E. (1980) Squamous carcinoma of the endometrium with ultrastructural observations and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 10: 217–223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bigsby R.M., Li A.X., Bomalaski J., Stehman F.B., Look K.Y., Sutton G.P. (1992) Immunohistochemical study of HER-21neu, epidermal growth factor receptor, and steroid receptor expression in normal and malignant endometrium. Obstet Gynecol 79: 95–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bokhman J.V. (1983) Two pathogenetic types of endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 15: 10–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borst M.P., Baker V.V., Dixon D., Hatch K.D., Shingleton H.M., Miller D.M. (1990) Oncogene alterations in endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 38: 364–366

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd J., Risinger J.I. (1991) Analysis of oncogene alterations in human endometrial carcinoma: prevalence of ras mutations. Mol Carcinog 4: 189–195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brauch H., Löning T., Jänicke F. (1997) Normale und neoplastische Morphogenese der Mamma. In: Braendle W., Schulz K.D. (Hrsg) Hormone und Mammakarzinom. Zuckschwerdt, München, S 15–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinton L.A., Hoover R.N. (1992) Epidemiology of gynecologic cancers. In: Hoskins W.J., Perez C.A., Young R.C. (eds) Principles and practice of gynecologic oncology. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 3–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Britton L.C., Wilson T.O., Gaffey T.A., Cha S.S., Wieand H.S., Podratz K.C. (1990) DNA ploidy in endometrial carcinoma: major objective prognostic factor. Mayo Clin Proc 65: 643–650

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brumm C., Riviere A., Wilckens C., Löning T. (1990) Immunohistochemical investigation and northern blot analysis of c-erB-2 expression in normal, premalignant and malignant tissues of the corpus and cervix uteri. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 41-7: 477–484

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley C.H., Fox H. (1989) Biopsy pathology of the endometrium. Raven, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrell M.O., Franklin E.W., Powell J.L. (1982) Endometrial cancer: evaluation of spread and followup one hundred eighty-nine patients with Stage I or Stage II disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 144: 181–185

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carcangiu M.L., Chambers J.T. (1992) Uterine papillary serous carcinoma: a study on 108 cases with emphasis on the prognostic significance of associated endometrioid carcinoma, absence of invasion, and concomitant ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 47: 298–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carcangiu M.L., Chambers J.T. (1995) Early pathologic stage clear cell carcinoma and uterine papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium: comparison of clinicopathologic features and survival. Int J Gynecol Pathol 14: 30–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carcangiu M.L., Tan L.K., Chambers J.T. (1997) Stage IA uterine serous carcinoma: a study of 13 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 21: 1507–1514

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Catasus L., Matias-Guiu X., Machin P., Munoz J., Prat J. (1998a) BAX somatic frameshift mutations in endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the endometrium: evidence for a tumor progression role in endometrial carcinomas with microsatellite instability. Lab Invest 78: 1439–1444

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Catasus L., Machin P., Matias-Guiu X., Prat J. (1998b) Microsatellite instability in endometrial carcinomas: clinicopathologic correlations in aseries of 42 cases. Hum Pathol 29: 1160–1164

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charles D. (1965) Endometrial adenoacanthoma. Cancer 18: 737–750

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen K.T., Kostich N.D., Rosai J. (1978) Peritoncal foreign body granulomas to keratin in uterine adenocanthoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 102: 174–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choo Y.C., Naylor B. (1982) Multiple primary neoplasms of the ovary and uterus. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 20: 327–334

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christopherson W.M. (1986a) Are there two types of papillary endometrial adenocarcinoma, and if so, what are they? Int J Gynecol Pathol 5: 278–281

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christopherson W.M. (1986b) The significance of the pathologie findings in endometrial cancer. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 13: 673–693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christopherson W.M., Alberhasky R.C., Connelly P.J. (1982a) Carcinoma of the endometrium: I. A clinicopathologic study of clear-cell carcinoma and secretory carcinoma. Cancer 49: 1511–1523

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christopherson W.M., Alberhasky R.C., Connelly P.J. (1982b) Glassy cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Hum Pathol 13: 418–421

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christopherson W.M., Alberhasky R.C., Connelly P.J. (1982c) Carcinoma of the endometrium. II. Papillary adenocarcinoma: a clinical pathological study, 46 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 77: 534–540

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Civantos F., Rywlin A.M. (1972) Carcinomas with trophoblastic differentiation and secretion of chorionic gonadotrophins. Cancer 29: 789–798.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colgan T.J., Norris H.J., Foster W., Kurman R.J., Fox C.H. (1983) Predicting the outcome of endometrial hyperplasia by quantitative analysis of nuclear features using a linear discriminant function. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1: 347–352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Couturier J., Vielh P., Salmon R., Dutrillaux B. (1986) Trisomy and tetrasomy for long arm of chromosome 1 in ne ar-diploid human endometrial adenocarcinomas. Int J Cancer 38: 17–19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Couturier J., Vielh P., Salmon R.J., Lombard M., Dutrillaux B. (1988) Chromosome imbalance in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 33: 67–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creasman W.T. (1997) Endometrial cancer: incidence, prognostic factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Semin Oncol 24 [Suppl 1]: 140–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Creasman W.T., DiSaia P.J., Blessing J., Wilkinson R.H. Jr, Johnston W., Weed J.C.J. (1981) Prognostic significance of peritoneal cytology in patients with endometrial cancer and preliminary data concerning therapy with intraperitoneal radiopharmaceuticals. Am J Obstet Gynecol 141:921–929

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creasman W.T., Morrow C.P., Bundy B.N., Homesley H.D., Graham J.E., Heller P.B. (1987) Surgical pathologie spread patterns of endometrial cancer. A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. Cancer 60: 2035–2041

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crissman J.D., Azoury R.S., Barnes A.E., Schellhas H.F. (1981) Endometrial carcinoma in women 40 years of age or younger. Obstet Gynecol 57: 699–704

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crum C.P., Fechner R.E. (1979) Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. A clinicopathologic study of 11 cases. Am J Diagn Gynecol Obstet 1: 261–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis R.E., Boice J.D. Jr, Kleinerman R.A., Flannery J.T., Fraumeni J.F.J. (1985a) Summary: multiple primary cancers in Connecticut, 1935-82. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 68: 219–242

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis R.E., Hoover R.N., Kleinerman R.A., Harvey E.B. (1985b) Second cancer following cancer of the female genital system in Connecticut, 1935-82. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 68: 113–137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czernobilsky B., Moll R., Franke W.W., Dallenbach-Hellweg G., Hohlweg Majert P. (1984) Intermediate filaments of normal and neoplastic tissues of the female genital tract with emphasis on problems of differential tumor diagnosis. Pathol Res Pract 179: 31–37 Dabbs DJ, Geisinger KR, Norris HT (1986) Intermediate filaments in endometrial and endocervical carcinomas. The diagnostic utility of vimentin patterns. Am J Surg Pathol 10: 568–576

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dabbs D.J., Sturtz K., Zaino R.J. (1996) The immunohistochemical discrimination of endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Hum Pathol 27: 172–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dabeisteen E. (1996) Cell surface carbohydrates as prognostic markers in human carcinomas. J Pathol 179: 358–369

    Google Scholar 

  • Dallenbach-Hellweg G. (1981) Histopathology of the endometrium. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg NewYork

    Google Scholar 

  • Dallenbach-Hellweg G. (1997) Histopathology of functional and neoplastic changes in cervix and endometrium. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 81: 240–244

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dallenbach-Hellweg G., Hahn U. (1995) Mucinous and clear cell adenocarcinomas of the endometrium in patients receiving antiestrogens (tamoxifen) and gestagens. Int J Gynecol Pathol 14:7–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dallenbach-Hellweg G., Poulsen H. (1996) Atlas of endometrial histopathology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Dallenbach-Hellweg G., Lang Averous G., Hahn U. (1991) The value of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of endometrial carcinomas. APMIS Suppl 23: 91–99

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deligdisch L., Holinka C.F. (1987) Endometrial carcinoma: two diseases? Cancer Detect Prev 10:237–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DelMaschio A., Vanzulli A., Sironi S., Spagnolo D., Belloni C., Garancini P., Taccagni G.L. (1993) Estimating the depth of myometrial involvement by endometrial carcinoma: efficacy of transvaginal sonography vs MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 160: 533–538

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demopoulos R.I., Dubin N., Noumoff J., Blaustein A., Sommers G.M. (1986) Prognostic significance of squamous differentiation in stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 68: 245–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiSaia P.J., Creasman W.T. (1997) Clinical gynecologic oncology. Mosby, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • DiSaia P.J., Creasman W.T., Boronow R.C., Blessing J.A. (1985) Risk factors and recurrent patterns in Stage I endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 151: 1009–1015

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dose J., Thomssen C., Henke R.P., Habermann C.R., Braendle W., Jänicke F. (1998) Sekundäre Amenorrhoe, subjektive Schwangerschaftszeichen und erhöhte Serum-hCG-Werte verursacht durch ein großzelliges Bronchialkarzinom. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 58: 54–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Duggan B.D., Felix J.C., Muderspach L.I., Tourgeman D., Zheng J., Shibata D. (1994a) Microsatellite instability in sporadic endometrial carcinoma. J Natl Cancer lust 86: 1216–1221

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duggan B.D., Felix J.C., Muderspach L.I., Tsao J.L., Shibata D.K. (1994b) Early mutational activation of the c-Ki-ras oncogene in endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Res 54: 1604–1607

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn J.E. (1974) Geographie considerations of endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2: 114–121

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn J.E. (1975) Cancer epidemiology in populations of the United States-with emphasis on Hawaii and California-and Japan. Cancer Res 35: 3240–3245

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dutrillaux B., Couturier J. (1986) Chromosome imbalances in endometrial adenocarcinomas: a possible adaptation to abnormal metabolic pathways. Ann Genet 29: 76–81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eastwood J. (1978) Mesonephroid (clear cell) carcinoma of the ovary and endometrium: a comparative prospective clinico-pathological study and review of literature. Cancer 41: 1911–1928

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrmann R.L., Federschneider J.M., Knapp R.C. (1980) Distinguishing lymph node metastases from benign glandular inclusions in low-grade ovarian carcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 136: 737–746

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eifel P., Hendrickson M., Ross J., Ballon S., Martinez A., Kempson R. (1982) Simultaneous presentation of carcinoma involving the ovary and the uterine corpus. Cancer 50: 163–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto T., Inoue M., Perantoni A.O., Terakawa N., Tanizawa O., Rice J.M. (1990) K-ras activation in neoplasms of the human female reproductive tract. Cancer Res 50: 6139–6145

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto T., Inoue M., Perantoni A.O., Buzard G.S., Miki H., Tanizawa O., Rice J.M. (1991) K-ras activation in premalignant and malignant epitheliallesions of the human uterus. Cancer Res 51: 5308–5314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto T., Fujita M., Inoue M., Nakazawa Miyamoto A., Tanizawa O., Nomura T. (1993a) Alterations of the Rb gene and its association with Ki-ras activation and p53 inactivation in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Mol Carcinog 8: 132–137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto T., Fujita M., Inoue M., Rice J.M., Nakajima R., Tanizawa O., Nomura T. (1993b) Alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and its association with activation of the c-K-ras-2 protooncogene in premalignant and malignant lesions of the human uterine endometrium. Cancer Res 53: 1883–1888

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto T., Fujita M., Inoue M., Nomura T., Shroyer K.R. (1995) Alteration of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and activation of c-K-ras-2 protooncogene in endometrial adenocarcinoma from Colorado. Am J Clin Pathol 103: 224–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Factor S.M. (1974) Papillary adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with psammoma bodies. Arch Pathol 98: 201–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farhi D.C., Silverberg S.G. (1982) Pseudometastases in fern ale genital cancer. Pathol Annu 17: 47–76

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fechner R.E. (1968) Endometrium with pattern of mesonephroma. Report of a case. Obstet Gynecol 31:485–490

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Filderman A.E., Bruckner A., Kacinski B.M., Deng N., Remold H.G. (1992) Macrophage colonystimulating factor (CSF-1) enhances invasiveness in CSF-1 receptor-positive carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Res 52: 3661–3666

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer H. (1957) Obduktionsbefunde beim Corpus-Karzinom des Uterus. Arch Gynäk 188: 329–333

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flannery J.T., Boiee J.D. Jr, Devesa S.S., Kleinerman R.A., Curtis R.E., Fraumeni J.F.J. (1985) Cancer registration in Connecticut and the study of multiple primary cancers, 1935-82. Natl Cancer lust Monogr 68: 13–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox H., Buckley C.H. (1982) The endometrial hyperplasias and their relationship to endometrial neoplasia. Histopathology 6: 493–510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu Y.S., Parks P.J., Reagan J.W., Wentz W.B., Storaasli J.P. (1979) The ultrastructure and factors relating to survival of endometrial cancers. Am J Diagn Gynecol Obstet 1: 55–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujimoto I., Shimizu Y., Hirai Y., Chen J.T., Teshima H., Hasumi K., Masubuchi K., Takahashi M. (1993) Studies on ras oncogene activation in endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 48: 196–202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujino T., Risinger J.I., Collins N.K. et al. (1994) Allelotype of endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Res 54:4294–4298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita M., Shroyer K.R., Markham N.E., Inoue M., Iwamoto S., Kyo S., Enomoto T. (1995) Association of human papillomavirus with malignant and premalignant lesions of the uterine endometrium. Hum Pathol 26: 650–658

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galera-Davidson H., Fernandez A., Navarro J., Parrilla A., Salguero M., Rivera F. (1989) Mucinous metaplasia to neoplastic lesions in endometrial sampies with cytohistologic correlation. Diagn Cytopathol 5: 150–153

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grimshaw R.N., Tupper W.C., Fraser R.C., Tompkins M.G., Jeffrey J.F. (1990) Prognostic value of peritoneal cytology in endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 36: 97–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson M.B., Van Nagell J.R. Jr, Powell D.E., Donaldson E.S., Gallion H., Merhige M., Pavlik E.J. (1985) The prognostic significance oflymph-vascular space invasion in stage I endometrial cancer. Cancer 55: 1753–1757

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haqqani M.T., Fox H. (1976) Adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium. J Clin Pathol 29: 959–966

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrickson M.R., Kempson R.L. (1980a) Endometrial epithelial metaplasias: proliferations frequently misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Report of 89 cases and proposed classification. Am J Surg Pathol 4: 525–542

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendriekson M.R., Kempson R.L. (1980b) Surgical pathology of the uterine corpus. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendriekson M.R., Kempson R.L. (1980c) The differential diagnosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Some viewpoints concerning a common diagnostie problem. Pathology 12: 35–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendrickson M.R., Kempson R.L. (1983) Ciliated carcinoma-a variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma: a report of 10 cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2: 1–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrickson M.R., Kempson R.L. (1991) The uterine corpus. In: Sternberg S.S., Mills S.E. (eds) Surgieal pathology of the fern ale reproductive system. Raven, New York, pp 105–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendriekson M., Ross J., Eifel P., Martinez A., Kempson R. (1982a) Uterine papillary serous carcinoma: a highly malignant form of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 6: 93–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendrickson M., Ross J., Eifel P.J., Cox R.S., Martinez A., Kempson R. (1982b) Adenocarcinoma of the endonietrium: analysis of 256 cases with carcinoma limited to the uterine corpus. Pathology review and analysis of prognostic variables. Gynecol Oncol 13: 373–392

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrickson M.R., Ross J.C., Kempson R.L. (1983) Toward the development of morphologie criteria for well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Am J Surg Pathol 7: 819–838

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hermanek P., Sobin L.H. (1992) TNM classification of malignant tumors, 4th edn, 2nd rev. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez E., Woodruff J.D. (1980) Endometrial adenocarcinoma arising in adenomyosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138: 827–832

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hetzel D.J., Wilson T.O., Keeney G.L., Roche P.C., Cha S.S., Podratz K.C. (1992) HER-2/neu expression: a major prognostie factor in endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 47: 179–185

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horn L.C., Bilek K. (1995) Frequency and histogenesis of pelvine retroperitoneallymph node inclusions of the fern ale genital tract. An immunohistochemie study of 34 cases. Pathol Res Pract 191:991–996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horn L.C., Riethdorf L., Löning T. (1999) Leitfaden für die Präparation uteriner Operationspräparate. Pathologe 20: 9–14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz R.I., Feinstein A.R., Horwitz S.M., Robboy S.J. (1981) Necropsy diagnosis of endometrial cancer and detection-bias in case/control studies. Lancet 2: 66–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu Y.K., Parmley T.H., Rosenshein N.B., Bhagavan B.S., Woodruff J.D. (1980) Neoplastic and nonneoplastie mesothelial proliferations in pelvic lymph no des. Obstet Gynecol 55: 83–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ignar Trowbridge D., Risinger J.I., Dent G.A., Kohler M., Berchuck A., McLachlan J.A., Boyd J. (1992) Mutations of the Ki-ras oncogene in endometrial carcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167: 227–232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue M., Okayama A., Fujita M., Enomoto T., Sakata M., Tanizawa O., Ueshima H. (1994) Clinicopathologieal characteristics of p53 overexpression in endometrial cancers. Int J Cancer 58: 14–19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ioffe O.B., Papadimitriou J.C., Drachenberg C.B. (1998) Correlation of proliferation indiees, apoptosis, and related oncogene expression (bc1-2 and c-erbB-2) and p53 in proliferative, hyperplastic, and malignant endometrium. Hum Pathol 29: 1150–1159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones M.H., Koi S., Fujimoto I., Hasumi K., Kato K., Nakamura Y. (1994) Allelotype of uterine cancer by analysis of RFLP and mierosatellite polymorphisms: frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosome arms 3p, 9q, 10q, and 17p. Genes Chromosom Cancer 9: 119–123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kacinski B.M., Carter D., Mittal K. et al. (1988) High level expression of fms proto-oncogene mRNA is observed in clinically aggressive human endometrial adenocarcinomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 15: 823–829

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kacinski B.M., Chambers S.K., Stanley E.R. et al. (1990) The cytokine CSF-1 (M-CSF) expressed by endometrial carcinomas in vivo and in vitro, may also be a circulating tumor marker of neoplastic disease activity in endometrial carcinoma patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 19:619–626

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kadar N.R., Kohorn E.I., LiVolsi V.A., Kapp D.S. (1982) Histologie variants of cervical involvement by endometrial carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 59: 85–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanbour A.I., Stock R.J. (1978) Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the endometrium and faHopian tube as superficial extension of invasive cervical carcinoma. Cancer 42: 570–580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kay S. (1957) Clear-cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Cancer 10: 124–130

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kay S. (1974) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Am J Clin Pathol 61: 264–269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keebler C.M., Somrak T.M. (1993) The manual of cytotechnology. ASCP, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Kempson R.L., Pokorny G.E. (1968) Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in women aged forty and younger. Cancer 21: 650–662

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimmig R., Hasbargen U., Hepp H. (1993) Hysteroscopic staging of endometrial cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 53: 433–434

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinzler K.W., Vogelstein B. (1997) Gatekeepers and caretakers. Nature 386: 761–763

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knuutila S., Bjorkqvist A.M., Autio K. et al. (1998) DNA copy number amplifications in human neoplasms: review of comparative genomie hybridization studies. Am J Pathol 152: 1107–1123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohler M.F., Nishii H., Humphrey P.A. et al. Mutation of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene is not a feature of endometrial hyperplasias. Am J Obstet Gynecol 169: 690–694

    Google Scholar 

  • Koss L.G. (1979) Diagnosis of early endometrial cancer and precancerous states. Ann Clin Lab Sci 9: 189–194

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koss L.G., Schreiber K., Oberlander G., Moukhtar M., Levine H.S., Moussouris H.F. (1981) Screening of asymptomatie women for endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol 57: 681–691

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koss L.G., Schreiber K., Oberlander S.G., Moussouris H.F., Lesser M. (1984) Detection of endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia in asymptomatic women. Obstet Gynecol 64: 1–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krebs P.A., Albuquerque A., Quezado M., Bryant B., Sobel M.E., Merino M.J., Otis C.N. (1999) The use of microsatellite instability in the distinction between synchronous endometrial and colonic adenocarcinomas. Int J Gynecol Pathol 18: 320–324

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurman R.J., Norris H.J. (1982) Evaluation of criteria for distinguishing atypical endometrial hyperplasia from well-differentiated carcinoma. Cancer 49: 2547–2559

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurman R.J., Norris H.J. (1994) Endometrial carcinoma. In: Kurman R.J. (ed) Blaustein’s pathology of the female genital tract. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurman R.J., Scully R.E. (1976) Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium: an analysis of 21 cases. Cancer 37: 872–882

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurman R.J., Solomon D. (1994) The Bethesda System for reporting cervical/vaginal cytologic diagnoses. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Kühler C. (1985) Keratin-, TPA-und Lektinverteilungsmuster an normalen und atypischen Zervixepithelien. Dissertation, Universität Hamburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Lampe B., Kurzl R., Hantschmann P. (1994) Prognostic factors that predict pelvic lymph node metastasis from endometrial carcinoma. Cancer 74: 2502–2508

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lampe B., Kurzl R., Hantschmann P. (1995) Reliability of tumor typing of endometrial carcinoma in prehysterectomy curettage. Int J Gynecol Pathol 14: 2–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lampe B., Kurzl R., Dimpfl T., Fawzi H. (1997) Accuracy of preoperative histology and macroscopic assessment of cervical involvement in endometrial carcinoma. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 74: 205–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langdon S.P., Miller W.R., Berchuck A. (1997) Biology of female cancers. CRC, Boca Raton/NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Leiserowitz G.S., Harris S.A., Subramaniam M., Keeney G.L., Podratz K.C., Speisberg T.C. (1993) The proto-oncogene c-fms is overexpressed in endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 49: 190–196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine R.L., Cargile C.B., Blazes M.S., van Rees B., Kurman R.J., Ellenson L.H. (1998) PTEN mutations and microsatellite instability in complex atypical hyperplasia, aprecursor lesion to uterine endometrioid carcinoma. Cancer Res 58: 3254–3258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindahl B., Alm P., Ferno M., Killander D., Langstrom E., Norgren A., Trope C. (1987a) Prognostic value of flow cytometrical DNA measurements in stage I-lI endometrial carcinoma: correlations with steroid receptor concentration, tumor myometrial invasion, and degree of differentiation. Anticancer Res 7: 791–797

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindahl B., Alm P., Killander D., Langstrom E., Trope C. (1987b) Flow cytometric DNA analysis of normal and cancerous human endometrium and cytological-histopathological correlations. Anticancer Res 7: 781–789

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lininger R.A., Ashfaq R., Albores Saavedra J., Tavassoli F.A. (1997) Transitional cell carcinoma of the endometrium and endometrial carcinoma with transitional cell differentiation. Cancer 79: 1933–1943

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu C.T. (1972) A study of endometrial adenocarcinoma with emphasis on morphologically variant types. Am J Clin Pathol 57: 562–573

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LiVolsi V.A. (1977) Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with psammoma bodies. Obstet Gynecol 50:725–728

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch H.T., Lynch J.F., Conway J.A. et al. (1992) Genetics and gynecologic cancer. In: Hoskins W.J., Perez C.A., Young R.C. (eds) Principles and practice of gynecologic oncology. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 27–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Löning T., Schlechte H., Friedrichs K., Schnoor D., Ditscherlein G., Bommer G., Löning S. (1993) p53 in urogenital tumors: analysis of expression and mutation. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 77: 117–118

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Löning T., Reusch U., Thomssen C. (1999) Algorithmus der Klinik und Pathologie des Endometriumkarzinoms. Pathologe 20: 63–71

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maes G., Fleuren G.J., Bara J., Nap M. (1988) The distribution of mucins, carcinoembryonic antigen, and mucus-associated antigens in endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas. Int J Gynecol Pathol 7: 112–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massi G., Savino L., Susini T. (1996a) Three classes of radical vaginal hysterectomy for treatment of endometrial and cervical cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175: 1576–1585

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massi G., Savino L., Susini T. (1996b) Vaginal hysterectomy versus abdominal hysterectomy for the treatment of stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 174: 1320–1326

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsubara J., Mizunuma H., Nagumo H., Ibuki Y. (1988) Tissue distribution of CA-125 in female reproductive organs. Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi 40: 568–574

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCluggage W.G., Roberts N., Bharucha H. (1995) Enteric differentiation in endometrial adenocarcinomas: a mucin histochemical study. Int J Gynecol Pathol 14: 250–254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLellan R., Dillon M.B., Currie J.L., Rosenshein N.B. (1989) Peritoneal cytology in endometrial cancer: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 44: 711–719

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNutt M.A., Bolen J.W., Gown A.M., Hammar S.P., Vogel A.M. (1985) Coexpression of intermediate filaments in human epithelial neoplasms. Ultrastruct Pathol 9: 31–43

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melhem M.F., Tobon H. (1987) Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium: a clinico-pathological review of 18 cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 6: 347–355

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melin J.R., Wanner L., Schulz D.M., Cassel E.E. (1979) Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Obstet Gynecol 53: 115–119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milde-Langosch K., Becker G., Löning T. (1991a) Human papillomavirus and c-myc!c-erbB2 in uterine and vulvar lesions. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 419: 479–485

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milde-Langosch K., Wilckens C., Brack T., Löning T. (1991b) Demonstration and biological significance of viral and cellular oncogenes in uterine carcinomas. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 75: 363–365

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milde-Langosch K., Riethdorf L., Löning T. (1995) Biologischer Stellenwert von viralen Infektionen und Onkogenen/Suppressorgenen bei Uteruskarzinomen. Verh Dtsch Ges Zytol 19: 115–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Milde-Langosch K., Riethdorf L., Bamberger A.M., Löning T. (1999) P 16/MTS 1 and pRB expression in endometrial carcinomas. Virchows Arch 434: 23–28

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittal K.R., Schwartz P.E., Barwick K.W. (1988) Architectural (FIGO) grading, nuclear grading, and other prognostie indicators in stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma with identification of high-risk and low-risk groups. Cancer 61: 538–545

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mizuuchi H., Nasim S., Kudo R., Silverberg S.G., Greenhouse S., Garrett C.T. (1992) Clinical implications of K-ras mutations in malignant epithelial tumors of the endometrium. Cancer Res 52:2777–2781

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moll R., Levy R., Czernobilsky B., Hohlweg Majert P., Dallenbach-Hellweg G., Franke W.W. (1983) Cytokeratins of normal epithelia and some neoplasms of the fern ale genital tract. Lab Invest 49:599–610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moll R., Lowe A., Laufer J., Franke W.W. (1992) Cytokeratin 20 in human carcinomas.A new histodiagnostic marker detected by monoclonal antibodies. Am J Pathol 140: 427–447

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moll U.M., Chalas E., Auguste M., Meaney D., Chumas J. (1996) Uterine papillary serous carcinoma evolves via a p53-driven pathway. Hum Pathol 27: 1295–1300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monk B.J., Chapman J.A., Johnson G.A., Brightman B.K., Wilczynski S.P., Schell M.J., Fan H. (1994) Correlation of c-myc and HER-21neu amplification and expression with histopathologie variables in uterine corpus cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 171: 1193–1198

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naib Z.M. (1976) Exfoliative cytopathology. Little/Brown, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Naito M., Satake M., Sakai E., Hirano Y., Tsuchida N., Kanzaki H., Ito Y., Mori T. (1992) Detection of p53 gene mutations in human ovarian and endometrial cancers by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Cancer Res 83: 1030–1036

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura T., Nomura S., Sakai T., Nariya S. (1997) Expression of bc1-2 oncoprotein in gastrointestinal and uterine carcinomas and their premalignant lesions. Hum Pathol 28: 309–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nazeer T., Church K., Amato C., Ambros R.A., Rosano T.G., Malfetano J.H., Ross J.S. (1994) Comparative quantitative immunohistochemical and immunoradiometrie determinations of cathepsin D in endometrial adenocarcinoma: predictors of tumor aggressiveness. Mod Pathol 7: 469–474

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ng A.B. (1968) Mixed carcinoma of the endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 102: 506–515

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ng A.B., Reagan J.W., Cechner R.L. (1973a) The precursors of endometrial cancer: a study of their cellular manifestations. Acta Cytol 17: 439–448

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ng A.B., Reagan J.W., Storaasli J.P., Wentz W.B. (1973b) Mixed adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium. Am J Clin Pathol 59: 765–781

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ng A.B., Reagan J.W., Hawliczek S., Wentz B.W. (1974) Significance of endometrial cells in the detection of endometrial carcinoma and its precursors. Acta Cytol 18: 356–361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nikaido T., Li S.F., Shiozawa T., Fujii S. (1996) Coabnormal expression of cyclin D 1 and p53 protein in human uterine endometrial carcinomas. Cancer 78: 1248–1253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordstrom B., Strang P., Bergstrom R., Nilsson S., Tribukait B. (1996) A comparison of proliferation markers and their prognostie value for women with endometrial carcinoma. Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and flow cytometric S-phase fraction. Cancer 78: 1942–1951

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norris H.J., Tavassoli F.A., Kurman R.J. (1983) Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Diagnostic considerations. Am J Surg Pathol 7: 839–847

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Östör A.G., Adam R., Gutteridge B.H., Fortune D.W. (1982) Endometrial carcinoma in young women. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 22: 38–42

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto A., Sameshima Y., Yamada Y., Teshima S., Terashima Y., Terada M., Yokota J. (1991) Allelic loss on chromosome 17p and p53 mutations in human endometrial carcinoma of the uterus. Cancer Res 51: 5632–5635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olson N., Twiggs L., Sibley R. (1982) Small-cell carcinoma of the endometrium: light microscopic and ultrastructural study of a case. Cancer 50: 760–765

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ortner A. (1983) Epithelial compartment volume density: a proposal of a prognosis score in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 15: 190–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osborn M., Weber K. (1983) Tumor diagnosis by intermediate filament typing: a novel tool for surgical pathology. Lab Invest 48: 372–394

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park R.C., Grigsby P.W., Muss H.B. et al. (1992) Corpus: epithelial tumors. In: Hoskins W.J., Perez C.A., Young R.C. (eds) Principles and practice of gynecologic oncology. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 663–693

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkash V., Carcangiu M.L. (1997) Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma with psammoma bodies. Am J Surg Pathol 21: 399–406

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peison B., Benisch B., Fox H. (1997) Invasive keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium as extension of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 4: 189–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Philippe E., Charpin C. (1992) Pathologie gynecologique et obstetricale. Masson, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Philippe E., Ritter J., Renaud R., Dellenbach P., Fonck Cussac Y., Gandar R. (1968) Late postparturn metrorrhagia due to abnormal involution of the utero-placental arteries. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 63: 255–262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Photopulos G.J., Carney C.N., Edelman D.A., Hughes R.R., Fowler W.C. Jr, Walton L.A. (1979) Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Cancer 43: 1448–1456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Podczaski E., Kaminski P., Gurski K., MacNeill C., Stryker J.A., Singapuri K., Hackett T.E., Sorosky J., Zaino R. (1992) Detection and patterns of treatment failure in 300 consecutive cases of „early“ endometrial cancer after primary surgery. Gynecol Oncol 47: 323–327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Podratz K.C., Wilson T.O., Gaffey T.A., Cha S.S., Katzmann J.A. (1993) Deoxyribonudeic acid analysis facilitates the pretreatment identification of high-risk endometrial cancer patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 168: 1206–1213

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prat J., Oliva E., Lerma E., Vaquero M., Matias Guiu X. (1994) Uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma. A 10-case study of p53 and c-erbB-2 expression and DNA content. Cancer 74: 1778–1783

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prompeler H.J., Madjar H., du Bois A., Lattermann U., Wilhelm C., Kommoss F., Pfleiderer A. (1994) Transvaginal sonography of myometrial invasion depth in endometrial cancer. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 73: 343–346

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puts J.J., Moesker O., Aldeweireldt J., Vooijs G.P., Ramaekers F.C. (1987) Application of antibodies to intermediate filament proteins in simple and complex tumors of the fern ale genital tract. Int J Gynecol Pathol 6: 257–274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reagan J.W., Ng A.B.P. (1973) The cells of uterine adenocarcinoma. Karger, Basel

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds R.K., Talavera F., Roberts J.A., Hopkins M.P., Menon K.M. (1990) Characterization of epidermal growth factor receptor in normal and neoplastic human endometrium. Cancer 66: 1967–1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riethdorf L., Begemann C., Riethdorf S., Milde-Langosch K., Löning T. (1996) Benign and malignant endometriallesions compared for their p53 state by immunohistochemistry and temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis. Virchows Arch 428: 47–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Risinger J.I., Dent G.A., Ignar Trowbridge D., McLachlan J.A., Tsao M.S., Senterman M., Boyd J. (1992) p53 gene mutations in human endometrial carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 5: 250–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Risinger J.I., Berchuck A., Kohler M.F., Boyd J. (1994) Mutations of the E-cadherin gene in human gynecologic cancers. Nat Genet 7: 98–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Risinger J.I., Hayes A.K., Berchuck A., Barrett J.C. (1997) PTEN/MMACI mutations in endometrial cancers. Cancer Res 57: 4736–4738

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Risinger J.I., Hayes K., Maxwell G.L., Carney M.E., Dodge R.K., Barrett J.C., Berchuck A. (1998) PTEN mutation in endometrial cancers is associated with favorable clinical and pathologie characteristics. Clin Cancer Res 4: 3005–3010

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rorat E., Ferenczy A., Riehart R.M. (1974) The ultrastructure of clear cell adenocarcinoma of endometrium. Cancer 33: 880–887

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross J.C., Eifel P.J., Cox R.S., Kempson R.L., Hendrickson M.R. (1983) Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. A clinieopathologic and histochemieal study. Am J Surg Pathol 7: 715–729

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryder D.E. (1982) Verrucous carcinoma of the endometrium-a unique neoplasm with long survival. Obstet Gynecol 59: 78S-80S

    Google Scholar 

  • Salm R. (1969) Superficial intra-uterine spread of intra-epithelial cervical carcinoma. J Pathol 97: 719–723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki H., Nishii H., Takahashi H. et al. (1993) Mutation of the Ki-ras protooncogene in human endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Cancer Res 53: 1906–1910

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasano H., Comerford J., Silverberg S.G., Garrett C.T. (1990a) An analysis of abnormalities of the retinoblastoma gene in human ovarian and endometrial carcinoma. Cancer 66: 2150–2154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasano H., Comerford J., Wilkinson D.S., Schwartz A., Garrett C.T. (1990b) Serous papillary adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Analysis of proto-oncogene amplification, flow cytometry, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and immunohistochemistry. Cancer 65: 1545–1551

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scambia G., Benedetti Panici P., Ferrandina G. et al. (1994) Significance of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in primary human endometrial cancer. Int J Cancer 56: 26–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider M.L. (1985) Possibilities and limits of a cytologic early detection pro gram for endomet rial cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 45: 831–839

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz K.D., Emons G. (1995) Endometriumkarzinom. In: Zeller H.J., zur Hausen H. (Hrsg) Onkologie. ecomed, Landsberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Scully R.E., Bonfiglio T.A., Kurman R.J. et al. (1994) Histological typing of female genital tract tumors. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Seidman J.D., Kurman R.J. (1999) Tamoxifen and the endometrium. Int J Gynecol Pathol 18: 293–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman M.E., Kurman R.J. (1998) Evolving concepts in endometrial carcinogenesis: importance of DNA repair and deregulated growth. Hum Pathol 29: 1035–1038

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman M.E., Bitterman P., Rosenshein N.B., Delgado G., Kurman R.J. (1992) Uterine serous carcinoma. A morphologically diverse neoplasm with unifying clinicopathologie features. Am J Surg Pathol 16: 600–610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman M.E., Bur M.E., Kurman R.J. (1995) p53 in endometrial cancer and its putative precursors: evidence for diverse pathways of tumorigenesis. Hum Pathol 26: 1268–1274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheth S., Hamper U.M., Kurman R.J. (1993) Thickened endometrium in the postmenopausal woman: sonographie-pathologie correlation. Radiology 187: 135–139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silver S.A., Sherman M.E. (1998) Morphologie and immunophenotypic characterization of foam cells in endometriallesions. Int J Gynecol Pathol 17: 140–145

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silverberg S.G. (1982) Significance of squamous elements in carcinoma of the endometrium: a review. In: Fenoglio C.M., Wolff M. (eds) Progress in surgical pathology 4. Masson, New York, pp 115–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverberg E. (1986) Cancer statistics 1986. CA Cancer J Clin 36: 9–25

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silverberg S.G., De Giorgi L.S. (1973) Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Clinical, pathologic, and ultrastructural findings. Cancer 31: 1127–1140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silverberg S.G., Bolin M.G., DeGiorgi L.S. (1972) Adenoacanthoma and mixed adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium. A clinicopathologic study. Cancer 30: 1307–1314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silverberg S.G., Sasano N., Yajima A. (1982) Endometrial carcinoma in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan: histopathologic analysis of a cancer registry-based series and comparison with cases in American women. Cancer 49: 1504–1510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simon A., Kopolovie J., Beyth Y. (1988) Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Gynecol Oncol 31: 454–461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivridis E., Agnantis N. (1996) The loss of lectin reactivity from human endometrium is a feature of malignant change. Pathol Res Pract 192: 989–997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivridis E., Buckley E.H., Fox H. (1987) The prognostie significance of lymphatie vascular space invasion in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 94: 991–994

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skovlund V.R. (1997) ABH and related histo-blood group antigens in normal & malignant human endometrium in relation to genetic and hormonal factors. APMIS 105 [Suppl 69]: 5–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Sluijmer A.V., Ubachs J.M., Stoot J.E., Steyer M., Koudstaal J. (1991) Clinical and pathological aspects of benign and malignant squamous epithelium of the corpus uteri; a report of two cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 39: 71–75

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soini Y., Alarakkola E., Autio Harmainen H. (1997) Expression of messenger RNAs for metalloproteinases 2 and 9, type IV collagen, and laminin in nonneoplastic and neoplastic endometrium. Hum Pathol 28: 220–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soost H.J., Baur S. (1990) Gynäkologische Zytodiagnostik. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorvari T.E. (1969) A histochemical study of epithelial mucosubstances in endometrial and cervical adenocarcinomas. With reference to normal endometrium and cervical mucosa. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Suppl 207:

    Google Scholar 

  • Stegner H.E. (1994) Pathologie der weiblichen Genitalorgane II: Pathologie der Ovarien und Eileiter. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo (Spezielle pathologische Anatomie, Bd XX/2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tashiro H., Blazes M.S., Wu R. et al. (1997) Mutations in PTEN are frequent in endometrial carcinoma but rare in other common gynecological malignancies. Cancer Res 57: 3935–3940

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tavassoli F., Kraus F.T. (1978) Endometriallesions in uteri resected for atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Am J Clin Pathol 70: 770–779

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Templeton A.C. (1982) Reporting of myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer. Histopathology 6:733–737

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiltman A.J. (1980) Mucinous carcinoma of the endometrium. Obstet Gynecol 55: 244–247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiltman A.J., Atad J. (1982) Verrucous carcinoma of the cervix with endometrial involvement. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1: 221–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tornos C., Silva E.G., el Naggar A., Burke T.W. (1992) Aggressive stage I grade 1 endometrial carcinoma. Cancer 70: 790–798

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tritz D., Pieretti M., Turner S., Powell D. (1997) Loss of heterozygosity in usual and special variant carcinomas of the endometrium. Hum Pathol 28: 607–612

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsoutsoplides G.C. (1980) Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotrop in by a highly anaplastic adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 136: 694–695

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuda H., Hirohashi S. (1992) Frequent occurrence of p53 gene mutations in uterine cancers at advanced clinical stage and with aggressive histological phenotypes. Jpn J Cancer Res 83: 1184–1191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner D.A., Gershenson D.M., Atkinson N., Sneige N., Wharton A.T. (1989) The prognostic significance of peritoneal cytology for stage I endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol 74: 775–780

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda G., Tanaka Y., Hiramatsu K., Inoue Y., Yamasaki M., Inoue M., Kurachi K., Mori T. (1982) Immunohistological study of mucous antigens in gynecologic tumors with special reference to argyrophil cells. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1: 41–45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulbright T.M., Roth L.M. (1985) Metastatic and independent cancers of the endometrium and ovary: a clinicopathologic study of 34 cases. Hum Pathol 16: 28–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Umar A., Boyer J.C., Thomas D.C., Nguyen D.C., Risinger J.I., Boyd J., Ionov Y., Perucho M., Kunkel T.A. (1994) Defective mismatch repair in extracts of colorectal and endometrial cancer celliines exhibiting microsatellite instability. J Biol Chem 269: 14367–14370

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vergote I.B. (1994) Adjuvant postoperative treatment of endometrial cancer. Gynäkologe 27:84–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wahlström T, Lindgren J., Korhonen M., Seppala M. (1979) Distinction between endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinoma with immunoperoxidase staining of carcinoembryonic antigen in routine histological tissue specimens. Lancet 2: 1159–1160

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker A.M., Jick H. (1980) Declining rates of endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol 56: 733–736

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walker A.N., Mills S.E. (1982) Serous papillary carcinoma of the endometrium. A clinicopathologic study of 11 cases. Diagn Gynecol Obstet 4: 261–267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weigel M., Friese K., Strittmatter H.J., Melchert F. (1994) Ultrasound assessment of the postmenopausal endometrium. Is measuring thickness adequate? Ultraschall Med 15: 117–121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashina M., Kobara T.Y. (1986) Primary squamous cell carcinoma with its spindie cell variant in the endometrium. A case report and review of literature. Cancer 57: 340–345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yazigi R., Piver M.S., Blumenson L. (1983) Malignant peritoneal cytology as prognostic indicator in stage I endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol 62: 359–362

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yorishima M., Hiura M., Moriwaki S., Nakanishi Y., Yokoyama T., Tanaka M., Chiba T. (1989) Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium with lipid-producing activity. Histologie and ultrastructural study suggesting a unique neoplasm. Int J Gynecol Pathol 8: 286–295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaino R.J. (1995) Pathologie indicators of prognosis in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Selected aspects emphasizing the GOG experience. Gynecologic Oncology Group. Pathol Annu 30: 1–28

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zaino R.J., Kurman R., Herbold D., Gliedman J., Bundy B.N., Voet R., Advani H. (1991) The significance of squamous differentiation in endometrial carcinoma. Data from a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Cancer 68: 2293–2302

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaino R.J., Silverberg S.G., Norris H.J., Bundy B.N., Morrow C.P., Okagaki T. (1994) The prognostic value of nuclear versus architectural grading in endometrial adenocarcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Int J Gynecol Pathol 13: 29–36

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaino R.J., Kurman R.J., Diana K.L., Morrow C.P. (1996) Pathologie models to predict outcome for women with endometrial adenocarcinoma: the importance of the distinction between surgieal stage and clinical stage-a Gynecologie Oncology Group study. Cancer 77: 1115–1121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaloudek C., Hayashi G.M., Ryan I.P., Powell C.B., Miller T.R. (1997) Microglandular adenocarcinoma of the endometrium: a form of mucinous adenocarcinoma that may be confused with mieroglandular hyperplasia of the cervix. Int J Gynecol Pathol 16: 52–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng W., Yang G.C., Godwin T.A., Caputo T.A., Zuna R.E. (1995) Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with intestinal differentiation: a case report. Hum Pathol 26: 1385–1388

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Löning, T. (2001). Endometriumkarzinom. In: Pathologie der weiblichen Genitalorgane III. Spezielle pathologische Anatomie, vol 20 / 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56781-0_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56781-0_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63049-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56781-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics