Abstract
The observed properties of stars and the neutrino signal of supernova 1987A provide upper limits to the axion mass, while the age and expansion rate of the universe provide a lower limit. There remains a “window of opportunity” \({{10}^{{ - 5}}}eV \lesssim {{m}_{a}} \lesssim {{10}^{{ - 2}}}eV\), with large uncertainties on either side, where axions could exist and where they would provide a significant fraction or all of the cosmic dark matter.
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Raffelt, G.G. (2001). Astrophysical Axion Bounds. In: Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, H.V. (eds) Dark Matter in Astro- and Particle Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56643-1_8
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