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Evolution der Nervensysteme und der Sinnesorgane

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Book cover Neurowissenschaft

Part of the book series: Springer-Lehrbuch ((SLB))

Zusammenfassung

Die von Wallace und Darwin begründete Abstammungslehre (Deszendenz- und Selektionstheorie) entwickelte sich im Verlauf des 20. Jahrhunderts zum sogenannten Neodarwinismus, der ältere Disziplinen der Biologie wie Paläontologie und Morphologie mit moderneren wie Populationsgenetik vereinigte. Kernpunkt des Neodarwinismus ist der Gradualismus, der voraussetzt, daß Evolution durch zufällige, kleine Veränderungen des Erbgutes (Mutation und Rekombination) erfolgt und kumulativ zu großen Abwandlungen bei Organismen führt, womit jede vergangene und gegenwärtige Erscheinungsform des Lebendigen erklärt wird. Richtungsgebend ist hierbei die natürliche Auslese der Umwelt (Selektion), deren Resultat als Adaptation bezeichnet wird. Dieses Paradigma stellt die bis heute allgemein akzeptierte Evolutionstheorie dar, obwohl immer schon diskutiert wurde, ob nicht große Veränderungen in der Evolution (Makroevolution) durch zusätzliche, nicht-adaptive Prozesse (z.B. aufgrund „interner Dynamik“) herbeigeführt werden.

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Authors
  1. G. Roth
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  2. M. F. Wullimann
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physiologisches Institut der TU München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, D-80802, München, Germany

    Josef Dudel

  2. FB Biologie — Chemie — Pharmazie Institut für Biologie AG Neurobiologie, FU Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 28-30, D-14195, Berlin, Germany

    Randolf Menzel

  3. Physiologisches Institut der Universität, Röntgenring 9, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany

    Robert F. Schmidt

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Roth, G., Wullimann, M.F. (2001). Evolution der Nervensysteme und der Sinnesorgane. In: Dudel, J., Menzel, R., Schmidt, R.F. (eds) Neurowissenschaft. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56497-0_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56497-0_1

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