Skip to main content
  • 614 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Beckey H.D., Principles of Field Ionisation and Field Resorption Mass Spectrometry, Pergamon Press, New York 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Brame E.G., J. Grasselli (eds.), Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy (3 vols.); Marcel Dekker, New York, Basel 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Budzikiewicz H., C. Djerassi, D.H. Williams (eds.), Mass Spectrometry of Organic Compounds, Holden Day, San Francisco 1967

    Google Scholar 

  • Budzikiewicz H., Massenspektrometrie, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Budzikiewicz H., Massenspektroskopie organischer Verbindungen-Ionisierungsverfahren; in R. Bock et al. (eds.), Analytiker-Taschenbuch Vol. 3, Springer, Berlin etc. 1983, pp. 167–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Colthup N.B., L.H. Daly, S.E. Wiberly, Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, 2nd ed.; Academic Press, New York 1975

    Google Scholar 

  • Crompton T.R., Chemical Analysis of Additives in Plastics, 2nd ed. ed.; Pergamon Press, Oxford 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Fikhlengol’ts VS., R.V. Zolotareva, Y.A. LVov, Ultra-Violet Spectra of Elastomers and Rubber Chemicals (A.E.Stubbs, trans.); Plenum Press, Data Divn., New York 1966

    Google Scholar 

  • Freitag W, Analyse von Additiven, in Gächter/Müller, see below

    Google Scholar 

  • Gächter R., H. Müller (eds.), Taschenbuch der Kunststoff-Additive, 3rd ed. ed. 1990, 4th ed. ed. (English) 2001 (in print); Carl Hanser Verlag, München, Wien

    Google Scholar 

  • Grasselli J.G., M.K. Snavely, B.J. Bulkin, Chemical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy, John Wiley&Sons, New York 1981

    Google Scholar 

  • Günzler H., H. Böck, IR-Spektroskopie, 2nd ed. ed., Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1983

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam J., H.A. Willis, D.C. M.Squirrel, Identification and Analysis of Plastics, 2nd ed. ed., Iliffe Books, London 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Hummel D., Kunststoff-, Lack-und Gummi-Analyse, 2 vols.; Carl Hanser Verlag, München 1958

    Google Scholar 

  • Hummel D.O., F. Scholl, Atlas der Kunststoff-Analyse, vol. 3: F.Scholl, Zusatzstoffe und Verarbeitungshilfsmittel; Carl Hanser Verlag, München 1972; 2nd ed.: Atlas of Polymer and Plastics Analysis, vol. 3; Carl Hanser Verlag, München Wien/Verlag Chemie, Weinheim etc., 1981

    Google Scholar 

  • Hummel D.O., Handbook of Surfactant Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester etc. 2000

    Google Scholar 

  • Kienitz H. et al., Analytiker-Taschenbuch Vol. 1, Springer, Berlin etc. 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Kittel H.(ed.), Pigmente, Wissenschaftl. Verlagsges., Stuttgart 1960

    Google Scholar 

  • Klockenkämper R., Röntgenspektralanalyse am Rasterelektronenmikroskop I. Energiedispersive Spektrometrie; in H. Kienitz et al. (eds.), Analytiker-Taschenbuch Vol. 1, Springer, Berlin etc. 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Knapp G., W Wegscheider, Grenzen der Atomabsorptions Spektroskopie, in H. Kienitz et al. (eds.), 1. c. p. 149–63

    Google Scholar 

  • König R., Anorganische Pigmente und Röntgenstrahlen; F.Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1956

    Google Scholar 

  • Levsen K., On-line Kopplung Hochleistungsflüssigchromatographie-Massenspektrometrie: in W. Fresenius et al. (eds.), Analytiker-Taschenbuch Vol. 6, Springer, Berlin etc. 1986, pp. 103–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin-Vien D., N.B. Colthup, WG. Fateley, J.G. Grasselli, The Handbook of Infrared and Raman Characteristic Frequencies of Organic Molecules; Academic Press, Boston etc. 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz I., H.-M. Berstermann, K. Vogt, Erhebung des Vorkommens, der Verwendung und Mengen von Stoffen in der Kunststoffver arbeitung; Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Bremerhaven 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Mannkopff R., G. Friede, Grundlagen und Methoden der chemischen Emissionsspektralanalyse; Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1975

    Google Scholar 

  • McLafferty F.W. (ed.), Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Wiley-Intersciences, New York 1983

    Google Scholar 

  • Moenke H., Spektralanalyse von Mineralien und Gesteinen; Akad.Verlagsges. Geest&Portig, Leipzig 1962; Mineralspektren II; Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1962

    Google Scholar 

  • Munteanu D. et al, Chromatographia 23 (1987) 211–315; Analysis of antioxidants and light stabilisers in polymers by modern liquid chromatography

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy J., Additives for Plastics Handbook; Elsevier Advanced Technology, Oxford 1996

    Google Scholar 

  • N.N., Powder Diffraction File, Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, International Centre for Diffraction Data (1979), 1601 Park Lane, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamoto K., Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordinated Compounds, 3rd ed.; Wiley Interscience, New York etc. 1978

    Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard G., Plastics Additives: An A-Z Reference; Chapman & Hall, London 1998

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrader B., Infrarot-und Ramanspektrometrie, in Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4th ed. vol. 5 pp. 303 ff.; Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrader B., Raman-Spektrometrie, in R. Bock et al. (eds.) Analytiker-Taschenbuch Vol. 3 pp. 187–210; Springer, Berlin etc. 1983

    Google Scholar 

  • Schröder E., J. Franz, E. Hagen, Ausgewählte Methoden zur Plastanalytik; Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz H., Tandem-Massenspektrometrie (MS/MS); in R. Borsdorf et al. (eds.), Analytiker-Taschenbuch Vol. 8, Springer, Berlin etc. 1989, pp. 199–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweppe H., Qualitative Untersuchungen von Farbstoffen; in H. Kienitz et al (eds.), Analytiker-Taschenbuch Vol. 1, Springer, Berlin etc. 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Siesler H.W, Y. Ozaki, S. Kawata, H.M. Heise (eds.), Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Principles, Instruments, Applications; Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2002

    Google Scholar 

  • Socrates G., Infrared Characteristic Group Frequencies, John Wiley&Sons, Chichester etc. 1994

    Google Scholar 

  • Theophanides T. (ed.), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Reidel Publishing Comp., New York 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Venkataraman K.(ed.), The Analytical Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, John Wiley, New York 1977; A.Whitaker, XR diffraction data on synthetic dyes and pigments (reference data)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vimalasiri P.A.D.T., J. K.Haken, R.P. Burford, J.Chromatography/ Chromatographic Reviews 300 (1984) 303–55; Chromatographis analysis of elastomer antidegradants and accelerators

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wake W.C., B.K. Tidd, M.J.R. Loadman, Analysis of Rubber and Rubber-like Polymers, 3rd ed.; Applied Science Publishers, London 1983

    Google Scholar 

  • Wandel M., H. Tengler, H. Ostromow, Die Analyse von Weichmachern, Springer-Verlag, Berlin etc. 1967

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler D.A., Talanta 15 (1968) 1315–34; Determination of antioxidants in polymeric materials

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Affolter S., S. Hofstetter, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 48 (1995) 173–9; Trennung und Analyse von Gemischen monomerer und polymerer Additive in komplexen Polymerwerkstoffen

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asamoto B., J.R. Young, R.J. Citerin, Anal.Chem. 62 (1990) 61–70; Laser desorption Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of polymer additives

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bacci M., S. Baronti, A. Casini, F. Lotti, M. Picollo, O. Casazza, Mater.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc. 267 (1992) 265–83; Nondestructive spectroscopic investigations on paintings using optical fibers

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Best S.P., J.H. Robin, R. Whitnall, Endeavour 16 (1992) 66–73; Nondestructive pigment analysis of artefacts by Raman microscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cortes H.J., Bruce M. Bell et al.,J. Microcolumn Sep. 1 (1989) 278–88; Multidimensional chromatography using on-line coupled microcolumn size exclusion chromatographycapillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of polymer additives

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crompton T.R., Eur.Polym.J. 4 (1968) 473–96; Identification of additives in polyolefins and polystyrenes

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • David R, L. Vanderrost et al., Lab. 12/6 (2000) 74, 76, 78,80f.; Analysis of polymer additives (Italian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dilettato D., P.J. Arpino et al.,J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 14 (1991) 335–42; Investigation of low mass oligomers and polymer additives from plasics. Part II: Application to polyolefin soxhlet extracts

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drushel H.V., A.L. Sommers, Anal.Chem. 36 (1964) 836–40; Direct determination of inhibitors in polymers by luminescence techniques

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geissler M., Kunststoffe 87 (1997) 194–6; Pyrolyse-GC-MS, Analyse von Additiven in Kunststoffen

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert J., C. Simionescu et al., Food Addit.Contam. 17 (2000) 889–93; An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golloch A., D. Siegmund, Fresenius J.Anal.Chem. 358 (1997) 804–11; Sliding spark spectroscopy. Rapid survey analysis of flame retardants and other additives in polymers

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirata Y, Y. Okamoto, J. Microcolumn Sep. 1 (1989) 46–50; Supercritical fluid extraction combined with microcolumn liquid chromatography for the analysis of polymer additives

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard J.M., J. Chromatogr. 55 (1971) 15–24; Gel permeation chromatography and polymer additive systems (off-line combination with 1RS)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummel D.O., C Votteler, Angew.Makromol.Chem. 117 (1983) 171–94; Analytische Differenz-IR-Spektrometrie von Mehrkomponentenkunststoffen und Copolymeren

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummel D.O., Macromol.Symp. 119 (1997) 65–77; Polymers, additives, surfactants and their mixtures: computer-based search with special FTIR libraries

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson A.T., K.R. Jennings, J.H. Scrivens ,Rapid.Commun.Mass Spectrom. 10 (1996) 1449–58, 1459 ff.; Analysis of a fivecomponent mixture of polymer additives by means of high energy mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson A.T., A. Buzy et al., Eur.Mass Spectrom. 2 (1996) 115–27; The application of electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of polymer additives

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janssen F., Elektrotechniek (NL Meppel) 57 (1979) 96–100; Identification of additives in plastics using mass spectrometry

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johlman C.L., C.L. Wilkins et al, Anal.Chem. 62 (1990) 1167–72; Laser desorption/ionisation Fourier transform mass spectrometry and fast atom bombardment spectra of nonvolatile polymer additives

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karstang T.V., A. Henriksen, Chemom.Intell.Lab.Syst. 14 (1992) 331–9; Infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration used in quantitative analysis for additives in high-density polyethylene

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Seog-Jun , Anal.Sci.Technol. (South Korea) 13(3) (2000) 282–90; Analysis of additives in a polycarbonate (Korean); Soxhlet extraction or dissolution-precipitation, separation as MeOH soin, on Bondapac C18, identification with UV or FTIR

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang P.L., J.E. Katon et al,Pract.Spectrosc. 6 (1988) 41–50; The identification and characterization of polymer contaminants by infrared microspectroscopy

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laude D.A., J.D. Hogan, ASTM Spec.Tech.Publ. 1102 (1991) 245–54; Fourier transform mass spectrometry for analysis of organic mixtures

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linton R.W., M.P. Mawn et al., Surf.Inter face Anal. 20 (1993) 991–9; Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometric analysis of polymer surfaces and additives

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luongo J.P.,Appl.Spectrosc. 19 (1965) 117–20; Ultraviolet determination of additives in polyethylene

    Google Scholar 

  • Lussier F.E., Rubber World 188/5 (1983) 18–22; Analysis of compound elastomers—a practical approach

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawn M.P., R.W. Linton et al., J.Vac.Sci.Technol. A9 (1991) 1307–11; Time-of-flight static secondary ion mass spectrometry of additives on polymer surfaces

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer-Dulheuer T., H. Pasch, M. Geißler, Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe 53 (2000) 574–81; Zum direkten Nachweis von Additiven in Kunststoffen durch Pyrolyse-Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielson R.C., J.Liq.Chromatogr. 14 (1991) 503–19; Extraction and quantitation of polyolefin additives

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielson R.C., J.Liq.Chromatogr. 16 (1993) 1625–38; Recent advances in polyolefin additive analysis

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pump W., D. Woltjes, Kunstoffe 69 (1979) 317–20; Die Derivativspektroskopie in der Kunststoffanalytik am Beispiel von LDPE

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raynor M.W., K.D. Bartle et al, Anal.Chem. 60 (1988) 427–33; Polymer additive characterization by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography/Fourier transform infrared microspectrometr

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards J.M., H.L. Meuzelaar et al., J.Biomed.Mater. Res. 23(A3) (1989) 321–35; Spectrometric and chromatographic methods for the analysis of polymeric expiant materials

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson M.W., R.M. Rowley, Brit.Plastics (1960) 26; The separation of plasticisers from polyvinyl chloride compositions

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudewicz P., B. Munson, Anal.Chem. 58 (1986) 358–61; Determination of additives in polypropylene by selective chemical ionization mass spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schröder E., E. Hagen, Plaste Kautschuk 15 (1968) 625; Ausgewählte Methoden der Plasthilfsstoffanalytik

    Google Scholar 

  • Somsen G.W., E.J.E. Rozendom et al., Analyst 121 (1996) 1069–74; Polymer analysis by column liquid chromatography coupled semi-online with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Somsen G.W., C. Gooijer, U.A.T. Brinkman, J.Chromatography A 856 (1999) 213 ff. (On-line and off-line coupling of liquid chromatography with FTIR spectrometry)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spatafore R., L. McDermott, Annu.Tech.Conf-Soc.Plast.Eng. 49th (1991) 1942–5; Use of near infrared reflectance analysis for the quantification of polyolefin additives

    Google Scholar 

  • Spell H.L., R.D. Eddy, Anal.Chem. 32 (1960) 1811; Determination of additives in polyethylene by (UV) absorption spectroscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Squirrell D.C.M., Analyst 106 (1981) 1042–56; Analysis of additives and process residues in plastics materials

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stahl E., V. Brüderle, Polymer analysis by thermofractography, in H.-J. Cantow et al. (eds.), Advances in Polymer Science 30 (1979), Springer, Berlin etc. 1979

    Google Scholar 

  • Standt U.-D., Angew.Makromol.Chem. 150 (1987) 13–9; Characterization of low molecular compounds in dashboard foils by extraction, preparative high performance liquid chromatography, and IR-spectroscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoveken J.J., Perkin-Elmer Liquid Chromatography, Technical Note 58 (1977); Effect of temperature on the analysis of polymer additives

    Google Scholar 

  • Svoboda P., Plaste Kautsch. 17 (1970) 560; Abtrennung der Zusätze aus polymeren Werkstoffen in Öfen mit Temperaturgefälle für die Erfordernisse der IR-Spektroskopie

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vit A.I., M.N. Galbraith, J.H. Hodgkin, Deng Yan, Polym. Degrad Stab. 42 (1993) 69–73; Quantitative analysis of additives in polyethylene by multiple ion detection (MID) mass spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams K.P.J., J.Raman Spectrosc. 21 (1990) 143–6; Analysis of small samples using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikawa T., K. Ushimi et al., J.Appl.Polym.Sci. 15 (1971) 2065–72; The rapid identification method of additives in polypropylene by mass spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albarino R.V., App.Spectrosc. 27 (1973) 46–50; Ultaviolet spectroscopy of molten polyethylene: analysis of an antioxidant

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruheim L, P. Molander et al., J.High Resol.Chromatogr. 23 (2000) 525–30; Temperature-programmed packed capillary liquid chromatography coupled to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cieleszki H.L., F. Nagy, Z.Lebensm.Unters.Forsch. 114 (1961) 13; Nachweis von Antioxidantien in verschiedenen Polyethylensorten (UV)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman M.M., X. Yang et al., Macromol.Symp.94 (1995) 1–18; Hydrogen bonded polymer blends and the design of miscible polymeric antioxidants

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman M.M., M. Mock, P.C. Painter, J.Macromol.Sci. B38 (1999) 403–17; Miscible macromolecular antioxidants for polyethers

    Google Scholar 

  • Corish P.J.,J.Appl.Polym.Sci. 7 (1963) 727–34; Rapid charactisation of antioxidants in cured blackloaded rubbers from ultraviolet spectra of extracts of sections

    Google Scholar 

  • Denning J.A., J.A. Marshall, Analyst 97 (1972) 710–2; The identification of antioxidants in polyethylene by gas chromatography

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egsgaard H., E. Larsen, W.B. Pedersen, L. Carlsen, Trends Anal.Chem. 11 (1992) 164–8; Analysis of antioxidants in polymer material by a strategy employing tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiorenza A., G. Bonomi, R. Piacentini, Rubber Chem.Technol. 36 (1963) 1119; Spectrophotometry and chromatography for identification of antioxidants and accelerators in rubber mixtures

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Francis V.C., Y.N. Sharma, I.S. Bhardwaj, Angew.Makromol. Chem. 113 (1983) 219–25; Quantitative determination of antioxidants and ultraviolet stabilisers in polymers by high-performance liquid chromatography

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freitag W., H. Lind, Chem.Ind. (London) (1980) 933; Quantitative determination of anti-oxidants and light stabilizers in polyolefins by NMR spectrometry

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilton C.L., Anal.Chem. 32 (1960) 1555; Spectrophotometric determination of Flexzone 3C and other p-phenylenediamine derivatives

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivanovic D., E. Guernet-Nivaud et al, Anal.Lett. 23 (1990) 1123–37; Determination of some antioxidants by derivative spectrometric method and high-performance liquid chromatography

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, A.T., K.R. Jennings, J.H. Scrivens, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 10 (1996) 1449–58; Analysis of a five-component mixture of polymer additives by means of high energy mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Köhler U., H. Woggon, Plaste Kautschuk 15 (1968) 630; Polarographische Bestimmung von 4,4’-Thio-bis(6-t-butylm-kresol)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mady N.H., R. Liu, J. Viczkus, 30th Ann. Polyurethane Techn. Market. Conf. (1986) 332–5; Determination of antioxidants and light stabilizers in polyurethanes

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann J., Trans.Inst.Rubber Ind. 27 (1951) 232; Identification of accelerators and antioxidants in vulcanisâtes by infrared spectroscopy

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohta M. et al, Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 38 (1997) 78–84; Analysis of BHA, BHT, and TBHQ in chewing gum by GC and GC/MS

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto M., O. Ishizuka, J.Chem.Soc.Jap. 71 (1968) 1848; Quantitative analysis of CHC13 soluble stabilisers in commercial polypropylene

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pospisil J., J. Rotschová, Rev. Gen. Caout.Plast. 54 (1977) 72,567; Identification et dosage des stabilisants de polymères

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruddle L.H., J.R. Wilson, Analyst 94 (1969) 105; An ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the characterisation of some phenolic stabilisers in extracts of polymer composition

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sastry C.S.P., K.E. Rao et al, Talanta 29 (11A) (1982) 917–20; Spectrophotometric determination of some phenols with sodium metaperiodate and aminophenols

    Google Scholar 

  • Souček J., J. Vasátková, I. Caderski, Chem.Prum. 41 (1966) 348; Die Identifizierung und Bestimmung phenolischer Antioxidantien und UV-Absorber in Polypropylen durch differentiale Ultraviolett-Spektrophotometrie

    Google Scholar 

  • Souček J., E. Jelińková, Analyst 107 (1982) 623–8; Determination of phenolic antioxidants in polypropylene by derivative ultraviolet spectroscopy

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spell H.L., R.D. Eddy, Anal.Chem. 32 (1960) 1811–4; Determination of additives in polyethylene by absorption spectroscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sreenivasan K., Chromatographia 32 (1991) 285–6; A combined chromatographic and IR spectroscopic method to identify antioxidant in biomedical polyurethane

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tikuisis T., Van Dang, Antioxidants, their analysis in plastics, in G.Pritchard,l.c. 10.1

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargo J.D., K.L. Olson, Anal.Chem. 57 (1985) 672–5; Identification of antioxidant and ultraviolet light stabilizing additives in plastics by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walzak M.J., N.S. McIntyre et al, AnaLChem. 71 (1999) 1428–30; Detection and mapping of Chimassorb 944FD antioxidant additive in polyethylene using TOF-SIMS

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wexler A.S., Anal.Chem. 35 (1963) 1936–43; Determination of phenolic substances by ultraviolet difference spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler D.A., Talanta 15 (1968) 1315–34; Determination of antioxidants in polymeric materials

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walzak M.J., N.S. McIntyre et al, AnaLChem. 71 (1999) 1428–30; Detection and mapping of Chimassorb 944FD antioxidant additive in polyethylene using TOF-SIMS

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wims A.M., SJ. Swarin, J.Appl.Polym.Sci. 19 (1975) 1243–56; Determination of antioxidants in polypropylene by liquid chromatography

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yushkevichyute S.S., Yu.A. Shlyapnikov, Plast.Massy 12 (1966) 62; Determination of antioxidants in polyethylene by vacuum sublimation (Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yushkevichyute S.S., J. Balteniene et al., Khim. Prom-st, Ser.: Metody Anal. Kontrolya Kach.Prod Khim.Prom-sti. 12 (1979) 36–8; Spectrophotometric determination of some antioxidants in polyethylene (Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Afremow L.C., J.T. Vandenberg, J.Paint Technol. 38 (1966) 169–202; High resolution spectra of inorganic pigments and extenders in the mid infrared region from 1500 cm-1 to 200 cm-1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen M.E., Microbeam Anal. 17 (1982) 197–201; Identification of pigments of artistic, forensic, and industrial importance by the Raman microprobe (MOLE) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacci M., F.Baldini et al, Appl.Spectrosc. 45 (1991) 26–31; A color analysis of the Brancacci Chapel frescoes

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bacci M., S. Baronti et al., Mater.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc. 267 (1992) 265–83; Non-destructive spectroscopic investigations on paintings using optical fibers

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baier E., Farbe Lack 80 (1974) 614; Über die Dünnschicht-Chromatographie organischer Pigmente

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassl A., H.J. Heckemann, E. Baumann, Plaste Kautschuk 14 (1967) 696; Zur Identifizierung und Konstitutionsermittlung von Acetessigarylidpigmenten

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell S.E.J., E.S.O. Bourguignon et al, Anal.Chem. 72 (2000) 234–9; Identification of dyes on ancient Chinese paper samples using the subtracted shifted Raman spectroscopy method

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Best S.P., R.J.H. Clarc, R. Whithnall, Endeavour 16 (1992) 66–73; Nondestructive pigment analysis of artefacts by Raman microscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Best S.P., RJ.H. Clarc et al, Chem.Br. 29 (1993) 118f., 121f.; A bible laid open

    Google Scholar 

  • Best S.P., R.J.H. Clarc et al., Stud.Conserv. 40 (1995) 31–40; Identification by Raman microscopy and visible reflectance spectroscopy of pigments on an Icelandic manuscript

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruni S., E Cariati et al, Spectrochim.Acta Pt.A 55A (1999) 1371–7; Identification of pigments on a XV. century illuminated parchment by Raman and FTIR microspectroscopies

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgio L., Robin J.H. Clark, H. Toftlund, Acta Chem. Scand. 53 (1999) 181–7; The identification of pigments used on illuminated plates from “Flora Danica” by Raman microscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burgio L. Robin J.H. Clark, Peter J.Gibbs, J. Raman Spectrosc. 30 (1999) 181–4; Pigment identification studies in situ of Javanese, Thai, Korean, Chinese und Uighur manuscripts by Raman spectroscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark R.J.H., P.J. Gibbs, Anal.Chem. 70 (1998) 99A-104 A; Raman microscopy of a 13th-century illuminated text

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark R.J.H., J.Mol.Struct. 480-1 (1999) 15–20; Raman microscopy: sensitive probe of pigments on manuscripts, paintings and other artefacts

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark R.J.H., Proc.Roy.Instit.GB 69 (1999) 151–67; An arts/ science interface: medieval manuscripts, pigments, and spectroscopy

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cousins D.R., C.R. Platoni, L.W. Russell, Forensic Sci.Int. 24 (1984) 183–96; The use of microspectrophotometry for the identification of pigments in small paint samples

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crane R.T., Polym.Paint Colour J. 168 (1978) 669f., 672; Pigment identification by spectrophotometry

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry C.J., D.F. Rendle, A. Rogers, J.Forensic Sci.Soc. 22 (1982) 173–8; Pigment analysis in the forensic examination of paints. I. Pigment analysis by X-ray powder diffraction

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davey R., D.J. Gardiner et al; J.Raman Spectrosc. 25 (1994) 53–7; Examples of analysis of pigments from fine art objects by Raman microscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Benedetto G.E., F. Catalano et al., Fresenius J.Anal. Chem. 362 (1998) 170–75; Analytical characterization of pigments on pre-Roman pottery by spectroscopic techniques. Part 1. White colored shards

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derbyshire A., R. Withnall, J.Raman Spectrosc. 30 (1999) 185–8; Pigment analysis of portrait miniatures using Raman microscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Domenech, Carbo M.T., Reig F. Bosch et al., Quim. Anal(Barcelona) 16 (1997) 273–79; Analytical study of wall paintings of the Basilica de la Virgen de los Desamparados de Valencia with FT-IR spectroscopy

    Google Scholar 

  • Durcová O., A. Diaciková, Chem.Vlákna 31 (1981) 161–9; Contribution of infrared absorption spectroscopy to the study of streakiness of bulk-dyed polypropylene fibers (Slovak)

    Google Scholar 

  • Durig J.R., W.M. Zunic et al, J.Raman Spectrosc. 24 (1993) 281–5; Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy of brightly colored commercially available dyes and pigments

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards H.G.M., C.J. Brooke, J.K.F. Tait, J.Raman Spectrosc. 28 (1997) 95–98; Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of pigments from English medieval wall paintings

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards H.G.M., L. Drummond, J. Russ, J.Raman Spectrosc. 30 (1999) 421–8; Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of prehistoric rock paintings

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farmer VC, J.D. Russell, Spectrochim.Acta 20 (1964) 1149–73; The infrared spectra of layer silicates

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrero J.L., C. Roldan et al., Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys. Res. 422 (1999) 868–73; X-ray fluorescence analysis of yellow pigments in altarpieces by Valencian artists of the XV and XVI centuries

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller N.A., Forensic.Sci.Int. 27 (1985) 189–204; Analysis of thin-layer chromatograms of paint pigments and dyes by direct microspectrophotometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gemzova I., J. Gasparic, Collect.Czech.Chem.Commun. 31 (1967) 2740; Identifizierung und Konstitutionsanalyse von Dispersionsazofarbstoffen

    Google Scholar 

  • Guineau B., Stud.Conserv. 29 (1984) 35–41; Nondestructive analysis of pigments by laser Raman microprobe spectrometry: example of azurite and malachite

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guineau B J.Forensic Sci. 29 (1984) 471–84; Microanalysis of painted manuscripts and of colored archeological materials by Raman laser microprobe

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamer P.S., J.Forensic Sci.Soc. 22 (1982) 187–92; Pigment analysis in the forensic examination of paints. III. A guide to motor vehicle paint examination by transmitted light microscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hargreaves K.G., J.Oil.Col.Chem.Soc. 382 (1952) 139; The analysis of organic pigments

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkins R.T., J.T. Harris, O.D. Shreve, Anal.Chem. 31 (1959) 541; Identification of pigments in paint products by infrared spectroscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinonen K., A. Visapää, Kem.Teollisuus 23 (1966) 421–9; Semiquantitative analysis of paint pigments by X-ray fluorescence (results for a series of elements)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hezel E., Farbe Lack 69 (1963) 361, 828, ibid. 71 (1965) 293; Systematische qualitative Analyse von anorganischen Pigmentgemischen

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kats M.D., N.I. Pukhkalo, N.S. Rachinskaya, Khim.Promst Ser.: Metody Anal.Kontrolya Kach.Prod.Khim.Promsti. 10 (1979) 68–70; Spectrophotometric determination of pigments: Fast Yellow, Fast Yellow 3, and Rose Zh (Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Klockenkämper R., A.v. Bohlen, L. Moens, X-Ray Spectrom. 29 (2000) 119–29; Analysis of pigments and inks on oil paintings and historical manuscripts using total reflection Xray fluorescence spectrometry

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knudsen B.I., Acta Chem.Scand. 20 (1966) 1344–50; Copper phthalocyanine: infrared absorption spectra of polymorphic modifications

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, Romesh, Dissertation (1981), Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY, USA; Analysis for organic pigments using solution spectrophotometry

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutzelnigg A., Identification of Organic Pigments in Coating Materials, in C.P.A. Kappelmeier (ed.), Chemical Analysis of Resin Based Coating Materials, Interscience, New York 1959

    Google Scholar 

  • Labana S.S., L.L. Labana, Chem.Rev. 67 (1967) 1; Quinacridones Laing R.J., R.J.Dudley, M.D. J.Isaacs, Forensic Sci.Int. 16 (1980) 159-71; Colorimetric measurements on small paint fragments using microspectrophotometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Low M.J.D., N.S. Baer, Stud.in Conserv. 22 (1977) 116–28; Applications of infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy to problems in conservation. I. General principles

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manukian B.K., H. Lichti, Chimia 24 (1970) 1–9; Über Strukturaufklärung von Pigmentfarbstoffen mit kombinierter Spektroskopie

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massonnet G., W. Stoecklein, Sci.Justice 39 (1999) 128–34; Identification of organic pigments in coatings: applications to red automotive topcoats. Pt.I: Thin layer chromatography with direct visible microspectrophotometric detection. Ibid. 135-40; Pt.II: Infrared spectroscopy. Ibid. 181-7; Pt. III: Raman spectroscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClure A., J. Thomson, J. Tannahill, J.Oil Col.Chem.Ass. 51 (1968) 580–635; The identification of pigments

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDevitt N.T., W.L. Brown, Spectrochim.Acta 20 (1964) 799–808; Infrared absorption study of metal oxides in the low frequency region (700-240) cm-1)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolaou C, M. da Rocha, Anal.Chem.Synth.Color (1995) 186–207; Identification and analysis of diarylide pigments by spectroscopic and chemical methods

    Google Scholar 

  • Orna M.V., P.L. Lang et al, Adv.Chem.Ser. 220 (1989) 265–88; Applications of infrared microspectroscopy to art historical questions about medieval manuscripts

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pages-Camagna S., S. Colinart, C. Coupry, J.Raman Spectrosc. 30 (1999) 313–7; Fabrication process of archaeological Egyptian blue and green pigments enlightened by Raman microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pestemer M., Chimia 15 (1961) 31; Über die Infrarotabsorptionsspektren von Polymethinfarbstoffen

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riederer J., Deut.Farben-Z. 23 (1969) 569–77; Infrarotspektrographische Untersuchung der gelben und roten Eisenoxidpigmente

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saltzmann M., A.M. Keay, J.Paint Technol. 39 (1967) 360; Colorant identification

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweppe H., Mikrochim.Acta 1977, 583–96; Nachweis natürlicher organischer Künstlerpigmente

    Google Scholar 

  • Shurvell H.F., L. Pinzuti, Can.J.Chem. 44 (1966) 125–36; Sur les spectres infrarouges des phthalocyanines

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siesmayer B., A. Giebelhausen, J. Zambelli, J. Riederer, Fresenius Z.AnalChem. 277 (1975) 193–6; Beitrag zur Anwendung der Infrarotspektroskopie für Untersuchungen von Farb erden kulturhistorischer Objekte im Vergleich mit rezenten europäischen Lagerstätten

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer B.W., D.J. Gardiner, J.P. Derow, The Paper Conservator 17 (1993) 13–19; Analysis of white and blue pigments from water colours by Raman microscopy

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh R., S.R. Singh, V N. Sehgal, Indian J.Forensic Sci. 2 (1988) 51–62; Identification of paint pigments in paint flakes using photoacoustic photometer and their forensic characterization

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sklenárová M., V. Kostková, Petrochémia 22/3 (1982) 75–7; Determination of the composition of a filler mixture in polymers by IR spectrometry

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith RM., J.D. Easton, J.Oil Col.Chem.Ass. 49 (1966) 614; Phthalocyanine pigments—their form and performance

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith D.C., M Bouchard, M. Lorblanchet J.Raman Spectrosc. 30 (1999) 347–54; An initial Raman microscopic investigation of prehistoric rock art in caves of the Quercy District, S.W. France

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tachibana T., S. Fujihira et al, Kami Pa Gikyoshi 46 (1992) 1438–46; A simple method for determination of pigment composition in coated paper by FTIR/ATR method (Japanese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taguchi E., M. Taguchi, Kobunkazai no Kagaku 20-21 (1977) 18–37; Spectrophotometric identification of color materials, especially of organic pigments and combined mixed colors, with reference to the pigments used in the scroll “Genji-monogatari 54-jo Emaki” of edo-period (Japanese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talsky G., M. Ristic-Solajic, Anal.Chim.Acta 226 (1989) 293–304; Higher-order derivative reflectance spectrophotometry of synthetic organic pigments in artists’ paints

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tittarelli P., T. Zerlia et al., Anal.Chem. 55 (1983) 220–4; Identification of pigments by vapor-phase ultraviolet absorption spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tittarelli P., T. Zerlia, G. Ferrari, Appl.Spectrosc. 38 (1984) 715–20; Fourier transform infrared spectrometer coupled with electrothermal atomizer for high-temperature vaporphase investigations

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toussaint A., FATIPEC Congr. 14 (1978) 657–64; Surface analysis of mineral pigments by ESC A (French)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valero R, Double Liaison 165 (1969) 221–30; Pigments et colorants organiques. Classification et analyse

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandenabeele P., B. Wehling, et al, Analyst 124 (1999) 169–72; Pigment investigation of a late-medieval manuscript with total reflection X-ray fluorescence and micro-Raman spectroscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wehling, B., P. Vandenabeele, et al., Mikrochim. Acta 130 (1999) 253–60; Investigation of pigments in medieval manuscripts by micro-Raman spectroscopy and total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng Wei, Ping Wang et al., Anal.Chim.Acta 284 (1993) 445–51; Qualitative and quantitative analyses of synthetic pigments in foods by using the branch and bound algorithm

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo Jian, Cunyi Xu et al., J.Raman Spectrosc. 30 (1999) 1053–5; Identification of the pigment in painted pottery from the Xishan site by Raman microscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Affolter S., Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 44 (1991) 1026–8; Analyse von Polyester-Weichmachern

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan W.H.,J.Chem.Educ. 64 (1987) 897f.; Plasticizers in PVC. A combined IR and GC approach

    Google Scholar 

  • v. Czarnetzki J., H.W. Hiemesch, Actual.Chim. 4 (1980) 55f.; Application of the micro Raman spectrometer Mole to the analysis of thin layer chromatographic fractions

    Google Scholar 

  • Djerassi C, C. Fenselan, J.Amer.Chem.Soc. 87 (1965) 5756 ff.; Mass spectrometry of dialkylphthalates

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dyszel S.M., ASTM Spec.Tech.Publ. 997 (1988) 135–46; Applications of thermogravimetry/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry to compositional analysis

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emry E.H., Anal.Chem. 32 (1960) 1495; Mass spectra of aromatic esters

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feistner G.J., N. Pascoe et al., Biomed.Environ.Mass Spectrom. 19 (1990) 151–8; Gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, mass-analyzed analysis of triaryl phosphates and triethylene glycol fatty acid esters

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer W, G. Leukroth, Gummi Asbest Kunstst. 20 (1967) 1266; Qualitative Bestimmung von Mineralölweichmachern in Vulkanisaten mit Hilfe moderner physikalischer Analysenmethoden

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb D., C.W. Brown, Appl.Spectrosc. 33 (1979) 126; Collection of GC fractions on activated char coal and identification by IR-spectroscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunnemann, D.H., Varian MAT Application Note No. 19 (1978); The electron impact and chemical ionisation mass spectra of diester plasticizers

    Google Scholar 

  • Imai E., Tochigi-ken Kennan Kogyo Shidosho Gyomu Nempo (1975) 47–53; Analysis of plasticizers. Analysis of plasticizers by IR absorption spectrometer (Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Janssen F., Elektrotechniek 57 (1979) 96–100; Identification of additives in plastics using mass spectrometry (Dutch)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar R., Am.Lab. 31 (1999) 32, 34f.; A mass spectral guide for quick identification of phthalate esters

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lau Oi-Wah, Siu-Kay Wong, J.Chromatogr. A737 (1996) 338–42; Determination of plasticizers in food by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with ion-trap mass detection

    Google Scholar 

  • Lay J.O., B.J. Miller, Anal.Chem. 59 (1987) 1323–5 A; Plasticizers in pacifiers: direct determination by FAB-MS

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lytkina N.N., T.M. Egorova, L.N. Mizerovskii, Plast.Massy 3 (1983) 58; Direct determination of plasticizer content in poly(vinyl chloride) by a UV-spectrophotometric method (Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Meise M., H.Ostromow, Kunststoffe 54 (1964) 213 ff.; Infrarotspektroskopische Identifizierung von Weichmachern in Extrakten aus Kunststoffen

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oelert H.H., Z.anal.Chem. 257 (1971) 177 ff.; Entwicklung einer auf IR-, NMR-Spektroskopie und Elementaranalyse beruhenden Strukturgruppenanalyse höhersiedender Kohlenwasserstoffgemische und Mineralölanteile

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohwada K., Appl.Spectrosc. 21 (1967) 332 ff.; Infrared-absorption studies on some organic phosphates

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohwada K., Appl.Spectrosc. 22 (1968) 209 ff.; Infrared spectra of organic phosphates in the combination region of the C-0 and P-0 vibrations

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Statheropoulos M.K., Chem.Chron. 13 (1984) 27–35; The use of quadrupole and magnetic mass spectrometers for purity analysis of poly(vinyl chloride) (Greek)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tou J. T., Anal.Chem. 42 (1970) 1381 ff.; Field ionization mass spectra of dialkylphthalates

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulsaker G.A., R.M. Hoem, Analyst (Lond.) 103 (1978) 1080–3; Determination by gas chromatography-single-ion monitoring mass spectrometry of phthalate contaminants in intravenous solutions stored in PVC bags

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urman Ya.G., T.S. Khramova et al., Vysokomol.Soedin. A12 (1970) 160; Investigation of polyester plasticisers by paramagnetic nuclear resonance: determination of structure and molar mass (Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Veres L., Kunststoffe 59 (1969) 241 ff.; Die Analytik des Weich PVC

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wahl, H.G, A. Hoffmann et al., J. Chromatogr. A847 (1999) 1–7; Identification of plasticizers in medical products by a combined direct thermodesorption-cooled injection system and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freitag W., Fresenius Z.Anal.Chem. 316 (1983) 495 f.; Determination of a polymeric light stabiliser (Chimassorb 944) in polypropylene

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hrdlovic C., D. Bellus, M. Lazar, Collect.Czech.Chem.Commun. 33 (1968) 59 ff.; UV-Spektren von 2-Hydroxybenzophenonen mit verschiedener Substitution in 4-und 5-Position

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karamyan R.A., V.V. Sarkisyan et al., Plast.Massy 10 (1987) 40–2; Spectrophotometric method for determination of heat and light stabilizer levels in poly(vinyl butyral) films (Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Li P., G. Wu et al, Fenxi Huaxue 13 (1985) 664–8; Quantitative IR analysis of polymeric hindered amine light stabilisers (four piperidinyl derivatives) in polypropylene

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mady N.H., R. Liu, J. Viczkus, Proc.SPI Annu.Tech./Mark Conf. 30 (1986) 332–5; Determination of antioxidants and lightstabilizers in polyurethanes

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasch H., T. Meyer-Dulheuer, M. Resch, Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe 51 (1998) 782–8; Zum direkten Nachweis von UV-Stabilisatoren in Kunststoffen durch MALDI-TOF-Massenspektrometrie

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schröder E., Pure Appl.Chem. 36 (1973) 233–51; The development of methods for examining stabilizers in polymers and their conversion products

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sehan R., W. Kimmer, Jena Rev. 35 (1990) 31–3; Quantitative analysis of stabilizers in polymers with the SPECORD-M42

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Somsen G.W., E.J.E. Rozendom et al, Analyst 121 (1996) 1069–74; Polymer analysis by column liquid chromatography coupled semi-online with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tupikina N.A., N.N. Gorodetskaya et al, Plast.Massy 5 (1977) 70; Spectroscopic determination of stabilizers in polypropylene

    Google Scholar 

  • Zehnacker S., J. Marchai, Polym.Degrad.Stab. 45 (1994) 435–9; IR spectrometric determination of concentrations of soluble and insoluble fractions of bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate in polymers: application to LDPE films

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zjuzina L.I., S.Ya. Chaijkin et al., Plast. Massy 7 (1970) 66; Spectroscopic determination of heat and light stabilisers in polyolefins

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker K.M., G. Chantrey, D. Mauer, Kautsch.Gummi Kunstst. 33 (1980) 175–81; Analyse von Beschleunigern und Alterungsschutzmitteln im Kautschuk-ein Überblick über vorhandene Bestimmungsmethoden

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker W., Rubber Age 107 (1975) 3, 53; Measurement of naphthylamines in rubber antioxidants

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanco M., J. Coello et al., Appl.Spectrosc. 49 (1995) 747–53; Simultaneous determination of rubber additives by FT-IR spectrophotometry with multivariate calibration

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco M., J. Coello et al., Anal.Chim.Acta 353 (1997) 351–8; Determination of accelerators and antioxidants in vulcanized rubber by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brock M.J., G.D. Louth, Anal.Chem. 27 (1955) 1575 ff.; Identification of accelerators and antioxidants in compounded rubber products

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson D,W., M.W. Hayes et al., Anal.Chem. 43 (1971) 1874–6; Identification of antioxidants in rubber vulcanizates

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corish P.J., J.Appl.Polym.Sci. 7 (1963) 727–34; Spectroscopic studies of ultrathin microtomed sections of polymers. III. Rapid characterisation of antioxidants in cured blackloaded rubbers from ultraviolet spectra of extracts of sections

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czybulka G., Anwendung der Pyrolyse-Feldionenmassenspektrometrie zur Untersuchung des thermischen Abbaus von Copolymeren und Polymermischungen sowie zur Identifizierung von Zusatzstoffen; Thesis, Math.-Nat. Faculty, University of Cologne, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  • Czybulka G., H. Dunker et al., Angew.Makromol.Chem. 100 (1981) 1–21; Pyrofeldionenmassenspektrometrische Untersuchungen an unvulkanisierten und vulkanisierten Kautschuken mit Komponenten geringer Konzentration (Comonomere, Beschleuniger, Metalloxide, Antioxidantien)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiorenza A., G. Bonomi, R. Piacentini, Rubber Chem.Technol. 36 (1963) 1119; Spectrophotometry and chromatography for identification of antioxidants and accelerators in rubber mixtures (IR)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gotti I.L., R. Piacentini, Mater.Plast.Elastomeri (1979) 7, 500; Identificazione di acceleranti, agenti vulcanizanti e ritardanti acidi nelle mescolanze di gomma vulcanizzata

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann W., H. Ostromow, Kaut.Gummi Kunstst. 21 (1968) 318; Analytische Untersuchungsbefunde des Ausschusses Gummi des Bundesgesundheitsamtes über Kautschuk, Kautschuk-Chemikalien und Vulkanisate im Rahmen des Lebensmittelgesetzes

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu P.-L., W. Scheele, Kaut.Gummi Kunstst. 18 (1965) 290,784; Über die quantitative Analyse von Kautschuk-Hilfsstoffen

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummel D.O., G. Czybulka, H.-J. Düssel, MakromoLChem. Rapid Commun. 3 (1982) 335–41; Thermal degradation of vulcanization accelerators as studied by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry: guanidine derivatives

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lattimer R.P., R.E. Harris et al., Rubber Chem.Technol. 57 (1984) 1013–22; Identification of rubber additives by field desorption and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lattimer R.P., R.E. Harris et al., Anal.Chem. 58 (1986) 3188–95; Identification of organic additives in rubber vulcani-zates using mass spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lattimer R.P., R.E. Harris et al., Rubber Chem.Technol. 61 (1988) 639–57; Identification of organic components in uncured rubber compounds using mass spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lattimer R.P., Rubber Chem.Technol 68 (1995) 783–793; Direct analysis of elastomer compounds by soft ionization, tandem (MS/MS) and high resolution (AC-MS) mass spectrometry

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lussier F.E., Rubber World 188/5 (1983) 18–22; Analysis of compound elastomers-a practical approach

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann J., Trans.Inst.Rubber Ind. 27 (1951) 232; Identification of accelerators and antioxidants in vulcanisates by infrared spectroscopy

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller W., A. Zergiebel, R. Sourisseau, Plaste Kautsch. 35 (1988) 249–51; Identifizierung organischer Substanzen in Gummiartikeln

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osland R.C.J., W.J. Price et al, Amer.Lab. 10 (1979) 111 f., 114, 116-8,120; Infrared techniques in the analysis of rubber

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pasch H., R. Disselhoff, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 47 (1994) 90–6; FTIR-spektroskopische Untersuchung an Gummioberflächen

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pasciak J., Chem.Anal. 13 (1968) 263; Polarographische Untersuchung und Bestimmung von Natriumdimethyldithiocarbamat in Butadien-Styrol-Kautschuklatex

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Popov A., V. Gadeva, J.Chromatogr. 16 (1964) 256; Detection of paperchromatographically separated vulcanisation accelerators

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka T., Giho-Meiji Gomu Kasei 11 (1989) 125–9; Identification of accelerators in vulcanized rubber by thin layer chromatography

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tidd B.K., Plast.Rubber Mater.Appl. 2 (1977) 100; Chemical analysis of rubber vulcanisâtes

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuasa T., K. Kamiya, Jap.Anal. 13 (1964) 966; Identification of antioxidants and accelerators in vulcanised rubber

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basch A., B. Hirschman, Text.Res.J. 40 (1970) 670; The determination of pentachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol laurate

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chromy L., K. Uhacz, J.Oil Col.Chem.Assoc. 51 (1968) 494; Antifouling paints based on organotin compounds-Part I. Colorimetric determination of microgram amounts of organotin compounds in aqueous solution

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chromy L., W. Mlodzianowska et al., J.Oil Col.Chem.Assoc. 53 (1970) 121; Antifouling paints based on organotin compounds-Part II. Spectrographic determination of microgram amounts of bis(tributyltin)oxide in aqueous solutions

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies J.R., S.T. Thuraisingham, J. Chromatogr. 35 (1968) 43; Detection and determination of pentachlorophenol in natural rubber latex by thin-layer chromatography

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golloch A., D. Siegmund, Fresenius Z.Anal.Chem. 358 (1997) 804–11; Sliding spark spectroscopy—rapid survey analysis of flame retardants and other additives in polymers

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann E., A. Saracz, B. Bursztyn, Z.Anal.Chem. 215 (1966) 101; Analysis for fungicides in paint-Part IV. Determination of copper 8-hydroxyquinolinate

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishida H., J.L. Koenig, J.Colloid Interface Sci. 64 (1978) 567; FTIR-spectroscopy study of the silane coupling agent/ porous silica interface

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miksch R., L. Prölss, Gummi Asbest 13 (1960) 250; Nachweis von Bläh-und Piastiziermitteln in Gummi-Mischungen

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers E., E. Lwley, J.Textile Inst. 60 (1969) 347; The determination of pentachlorophenyl laurate in textile and paper materials

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schindlbauer H., L. Dokuzovic, Z.Anal.Chem. 276 (1975) 285; Nachweis und Bestimmung von Flammschutzmitteln in Polystyrol

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adams D.M., J.A. Gardner, J.Chem.Soc. (1972) (Perkin Transactions II) 2278–2280; In situ Raman spectroscopic analysis of thin-layer chromatograms

    Google Scholar 

  • Amberg M., FTIR-spektrometrische Ähnlichkeits-und Identitätssuchen am Beispiel einer digitalisierten FTIRS-Bibliothek organischer Pigmente; Thesis, Math.-Nat.Fak., University of Cologne 1995

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun D.,E. Bezdadez, Angew.Makromol.Chem. 113 (1983) 77–90; Analyse von Ablagerungen auf Werkzeugoberflächen (Plate-out) bei der Extrusion von PVC

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clerc J.-T., H. Koenitzer, Setting up, using, and maintaining computer-readable spectra compilations, in J. Bargon (ed.), Computational methods in chemistry, Plenum Press, New York etc. 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Clerc J.-T., E. Pretsch, M. Zürcher, Microchim.Acta 1986 II, 217–42; Performance analysis of infrared library search systems

    Google Scholar 

  • Coates J.P., R.W. Hannah, Computer-based infrared search systems, in T. Theophanides (ed.),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Reidel Publishing Comp., New York 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman M.M., P.C. Painter, Computer-assisted vibrational spectroscopy, in D.O. Hummel (ed.), Proceedings of the 5th European Symposium on Polymer Spectroscopy, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1979

    Google Scholar 

  • v.Czarnecki J., H.W. Hiemesch, L’actualité chimique (1980) 55f.; Application of the micro Raman spectrometer Mole to the analysis of thin layer chromatography fractions

    Google Scholar 

  • Fröhlich T., Anwendung kombinierter Korrelationskoeffizienten bei der computergestützten IR-spektroskopischen Identitäts-und Ähnlichkeitssuche von Multikomponentensystemen; Thesis, Math.-Nat.Fak., University of Cologne 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Grose R.I., S. Hvilsted, H.W. Siesler, Makromol.Chem.Makromol.Symp. 52 (1991) 175–89; The destruction-free analysis of polymers by Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy: a comparison

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hannah R.W, S.C. Pattacini, J.G. Grasselli, S.E. Mocadlo, Appl.Spectrosc. 1 (1978) 69; Trace analysis by infrared spectroscopy using preconcentration, separation, and computer techniques

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschfeld T., Anal.Chem. 48 (1976) 721–3; Computer resolution of infrared spectra of unknown mixtures

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschfeld T., B. Chase, Appl.Spectrosc. 40 (1986) 133–7; FT-Raman spectroscopy: development and justification

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummel D.O., C. Votteler, Kemia-Kemi 9 (1982) 660–5; Computer-supported IR spectrometry (CIRS), especially difference spectrometry, of multi-component polymeric systems

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummel D.O., C. Votteler, AngewMakromol.Chem. 117 (1983) 171–94; Analytische Differenz-IR-Spektrometrie von Mehrkomponentenkunststoffen und Copolymeren

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummel D.O., C. Votteler, M. Winter, Kunststoffe 73 (1983) 193–8; Computerunterstützte Infrarot-Spektrometrie (CIRS) in der Kunststoff-Analytik

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummel D.O., T. Fröhlich, Progr.Colloid Polym.Sci. 101 (1996) 141–4; Computer-aided similarity and identity search with a FTIR library of surfactants and surfactant mixtures

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummel D.O., Macromol.Symp. 119 (1997) 65–77; Polymers, additives, surfactants and their mixtures: Computerbased search with special FTIR libraries

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummel D.O., Computer-supported evaluation of spectral data, in Handbook of surfactant analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester etc. 2000

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiefer W, J. Laane, NATO Adv.Study Inst.Ser. C57 (1980) 537–77; Comparison of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang Z., A.G. Marshall, Anal.Chem. 62 (1990) 70–5; Precise relative ion abundances from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance magnitute-mode mass spectra

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Messerschmidt R.G., D.B. Chase, Appl.Spectrosc. 43 (1989) 11–15; FT-Raman microscopy: discussion and preliminary results

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nuyken O., G. Talsky, Polymer Bulletin 2 (1980) 719–26; Polymer analysis by higher-order UV/VIS-derivative spectrophotometry

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peitscher G., Chem.-Anl.-Verfahren (1979) 7, 86; Rechnerunterstützte IR-Spektroskopie in der industriellen Analytik

    Google Scholar 

  • Peitscher G.W, Makromol.Chem.Macromol.Symp. 5 (1986) 75–85; Infrarot-Mikrospektroskopie an Polymeren

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierre J.J. van Bree, Kunststoffe 73 (1983) 319–24; Analyse von Kunststoff-Formmassen mit Hilfe von Massenspektrometrie und Kernresonanzspektroskopie

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pretsch E., J.-T. Clerc, J. Bendl, Fresenius Z.anal.Chem. 324 (1986) 714–9; Spectroscopic data banks

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pump W, D. Woltjes, Kunststoffe 69 (1979) 317–20; Die Derivativspektroskopie in der Kunststoffanalytik am Beispiel von LDPE

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siesler H.W, in R. Biston, N. Bartiaux-Thill (eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd Intern.Conf on Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Agricultural Res. Centre Publ, B-Gembloux) 1(1991)307–16; The breakthrough of near-infrared spectroscopy in the chemical industry: reasons, chances and prospects

    Google Scholar 

  • Siesler H.W, Macromol.Chem.Macromol.Symp. 52 (1991) 113–29; Near infrared spectroscopy of polymers

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weber D., Untersuchung des thermischen Abbaus von Elastomeren durch Pyrolyse-Gaschromatographie/FTIR-Spektrometrie; Thesis, Math.-Nat. Faculty, University of Cologne 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Witke K., K.-WBrzezinka, P. Reich, Materialprüfung 39 (1997) 316–22; Raman-Spektroskopie, Charakterisierung von Werkstoffen

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hummel, D.O. (2002). Bibliography. In: Atlas of Plastics Additives. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56211-2_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56211-2_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-42414-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56211-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics