Abstract
• Diabetic foot is a syndrome involving pain, deformation, inflammation, infection, ulceration, and tissue loss of the foot in diabetic patients. • Neuropathy, ischemia, and infection are the principal pathogenic factors. • Clinical features are neuropathic and ischemic ulcers and infection. • Diagnosis should identify and grade neuropathology, osteopathy, and vascular pathology. • Treatment involves relieving weight from the ulcerated area, treating infection, and restoring arterial perfusion.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Hatary Y (1987) diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Ann Int Med 107:546–559
Asbury AK (1988) Understanding diabetic neuropathy. N Engl J Med 319:577–578
Caputo GM, Cavanagh PR, Ulbrecht JS, Gibbons GW, Karchmer AW (1994) Assessment and management of foot disease in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 331:854–860
Edmonds Management of the diabetic foot (1990) Critical Ischaemia 1:5–13
Tawn DJ, O'Hare JP, O'Brien IAD, et al (1988) Bone scintigraphy and radiography in the early recognition of diabetic osteopathy. Br J Radiol 61:273–279
European Working Group on Critical Leg Ischaemia (1992) Second European consensus document on chronic critical leg ischaemia. Eur J Vasc Surg 6Suppl A:1–32
Lipsky BA, Pecoraro RE, Wheat LJ (1990) The diabetic foot: soft tissue and bone infection. Infect Dis Clin N Am 4:409–432
Wheat JL, Allen SD, Henry M,et al (1986) Diabetic foot infections: bacteriologic analysis. Arch Inter Med 146:1935–1940
Sapico FL, Witte JL, Canawati HN, Montgomerie JZ, Bessman AN (1984) The infected foot of the diabetic patient: quantitative microbiology and analysis of clinical features. Rev Infect Dis 6:Suppl 1:S171–S176
Knox R, Dutch W, Blume P, Sumpio B (2000) Diabetic foot disease. Int J Angiol 1:1–6
Joshi N, Caputo GM, Weitekamp MR, Karchmer AW (1999) Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 341:1906–1912
Steed DL, Donohoe D, Webster MW, Lindsley L (1996) Effect of extensive debridement and treatment on the healing of diabetic foot ulcers. J Am Coll Surg 183:61–64
Wagner FW Jr (1981) The dysvascular foot: a system for diagnosis and treatment. Foot Ankle 2:64–122
Bloom S, Till S, Sönken P, et al (1984) Use of biothesiometer to measure individual vibration thresholds and their vibration in 519 non-diabetic subjects. BMJ 288:1793–1795
Grayson ML, Gibbons GW, Balogh K, Levin E, Karchmer AW (1995) Probing to bone in infected pedal ulcers: a clinical sign of underlying osteomyelitis in diabetic patients. JAMA 273:721–723
Fitzgerald DE, Carr J (1977) Peripheral arterial disease: assessment by arteriography and alternative non-invasive measurements. Am J Roentgenol 128:385–388
Lipsky BA (1997) Osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetic patients. Clin Infect Dis 25:1318–1326
Sumpio BE (2000) Foot ulcers. New Engl J Med 343:787–793
Apelqvist J, Bakker K, Van Houtum WH, et al (2000) International consensus and practical guidelines on the management and the prevention of the diabetic foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 16 Suppl 1:S84–S92
Bergstrom N, Bennett MA, Carlson CE, et al (1994)) Treatment of pressure ulcers. Clinical practice guidelines, no. 15. Rockville, Md., Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AH-CPR publication no. 95-0652):1–102
Resources in wound care, directory (1999) Adv Wound Care 12:155–223
American Diabetes Association: Clinical Practice Recommendations (1997) Foot care in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 20:Suppl 1
Steed D, Goslen JB, Holloway GA, et al (1992) Randomized prospective double-blind trial in healing chronic diabetic foot ulcer: CT-102 activated platelet supernatant, topical versus placebo. Diabetes Care 15:1598–1604
McGrath MH (1990) Peptide growth factors and wound healing. Clin Plast Surg 17:421–432
Yonem A, Cakir B, Guler S, Azal O, Corakci A (2001) Effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in the treatment of diabetic foot infection. Diabetes Obes Metab 3:332–337
Lineaweaver W, Howard R, Soucy D, et al (1985) Topical antimicrobial toxicity. Arch Surg 120:267–270
Kucan JO, Robson MC, Heggers JP, Ko F (1981) Comparison of silver sulfadiazine, povidone-iodine and physiologic saline in the treatment of chronic pressure ulcers. J Am Geriatr Soc 29:232–235
Leshe CA, Sapico FL, Ginunas VJ, Adkins RH (1988) Randomized controlled trial of topical hyperbaric oxygen for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Care 11:111–115
Bamberger DM, Daus GP, Gerding DN (1987) Osteomyelitis in the feet of diabetic patients: long-term results, prognostic factors, and the role of antimicrobial and surgical therapy. Am J Med 83:653–660
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vega, D., West, K., Tellado, J.M. (2003). Diabetic Foot. In: Schein, M., Marshall, J.C. (eds) Source Control. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55914-3_44
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55914-3_44
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00408-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55914-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive