Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Infektiöse Lebererkrankungen

  • Chapter
Klinische Hepatologie

  • 107 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Als hepatotrop bezeichnet man Viren, deren primäres Zielorgan die Leber ist. Zu ihnen zählen in erster Linie die Hepatitisviren A, B, C, D und E. Die Bedeutung der „neuen“ Hepatitisviren HGV/GBV-C, TTV und SENV für den Menschen lässt sich derzeit noch nicht vollständig beurteilen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Aggarwal R, Krawczynsky K (2000) Hepatitis E. An overview and recent advances in clinical and laboratory research. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15: 9–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alt M, Renz R, Hofschneider PH et al. (1995) Specific inhibition of hepatitis C viral gene expression by antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. Hepatology 22: 707–717

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowden S (2001) New hepatitis viruses: contenders and pretenders. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16: 124–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen PJ (1986) Structure and replication of the genome of hepatitis delta virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 8774–8778

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dienstag JL, Isselbacher JK (1994) Acute hepatitis. In: Isselbacher KJ et al. (eds) Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Encke J, zu Putlitz J, Wands JR (1999) DNA vaccines. Intervirology 42: 117–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fields DM, Knipe PM, Howley PM (1996) Fields virology, 3rd ed. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoofnagle JH, Lau D (1997) New therapies for chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepatitis 4 [suppl 1]: 41–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Irshad M (1999) Hepatitis E virus: an update on its molecular, clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Intervirology 42:252–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Lauer GM, Walker BD (2001) Hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 354: 41–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee J-H, Sarrazin C, Sarrazin U (2000) Experimentelle Therapieansätze bei chronischer Hepatitis Bund C. In: Zeuzem S (Hrsg) Chronische Virushepatitiden. Biologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Uni med Verlag, Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee WM (1997) Hepatitis B virus infection. N Engl J Med 337: 1733–1745

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemon SM (1997) Type A viral hepatitis:epidemiology, diagnosis and prevention. Clinical Chemistry 43: 1494–1499

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mast EE, Alter MJ, Holland PV et al. (1998) Evaluation of assays for antibody to hepatitis E virus by a serum panel. Hepatology 27: 857–861

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meng XJ, Purcell RH, Halbur PG et al. (1997) A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 9860–9865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nassal M (1999) Hepatitis B virus replication: novel roles for virus-host interactions. Intervirology 42: 100–116

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pianko S, McHutchison J (1999) Chronic hepatitis B: new therapies on the horizon? Lancet 354: 1662–1663

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rizzetto M (1983) The delta agent. Hepatology 3: 729

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson BH, Jansen RW, Khanna B et al. (1992) Genetic relatedness of hepatitis A virus strains recovered from different geographical regions. J Gen Virol 73: 1365–1377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson WS (1996) Biology of human hepatitis viruses. In: Zakim D, Boyer TD (eds) Hepatology. A textbook of liver disease, 3rd ed. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakamoto N, Wu CH, Wu GY (1996) Intracellular cleavage of hepatitis C virus RNA and inhibition of viral protein translation by hammerhead ribozymes. J Clin Invest 98: 2720–2728

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarrazin C, Roth WK, Zeuzem S (1998) GB-Virus C/Hepatitis G-Virus-Entdeckung, Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und klinische Relevanz. Z Gastroenterol 36: 997–1008

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarrazin C, Zeuzem S (2000) Molekular-und Immunbiologie. In: Zeuzem S (Hrsg) Chronische Virushepatitiden. Biologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Uni med Verlag, Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarrazin U, Zeuzem S (2000) Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis Bund D. In: Zeuzem S (Hrsg) Chronische Virushepatitiden. Biologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Uni med Verlag, Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarrazin U, Sarrazin C (2000) Serologische und molekulare Diagnostik. In: Zeuzem S (Hrsg) Chronische Virushepatitiden. Biologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Uni med Verlag, Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjogren MH (1996) Serologie diagnosis of viral hepatitis. Med Clin North Am 80: 929–956

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spangenberg HC, Wands JR (2001) Ribozymes and hepatitis B virus. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16: 1084–1085

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarn AW, Smith MM, Guerra ME et al. (1991) Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular cloning and sequeneing of the full-Iength viral genome. Virology 185: 120–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor JM (1999) Hepatitis delta virus. Intervirology 42: 173–178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tillmann HL, Heiken H, Knapik-Botor A et al. (2001) Infection with GB virus C and reduced mortality among HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med 345: 761–762

    Google Scholar 

  • Totsuka A, Moritsugu Y (1999) Hepatitis A virus proteins. Intervirology 42: 63–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Von Weizsücker F, Wieland S, Käck J et al. (1997) Gene therapy for chronic viral hepatitis:ribozymes, antisense oligonuc1eotides, and dominant negative mutants. Hepatology 26: 251–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaaijer HL, Ter Borg F, Cuypers HTM et al. (1994) Comparison of methods for detection of hepatitis B virus DNA. J Clin Microbiol 32: 2088–2091

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zakim D, Boyer TD (eds) (1996) Hepatology, a textbook of liver disease, vol II, 3rd ed. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeuzem S (2000) Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis C. In: Zeuzem S (Hrsg) Chronische Virushepatitiden. Biologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Uni med Verlag, Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeuzem S, Roth WK, Herrmann G (1995) Virushepatitis C. Z Gastroenterol 33: 117–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alter M, Gallagher M, Morris TT et al. (1997) Acute non-A-E hepatitis in the United States and the role of hepatitis G virus infection. N Engl J Med 336: 741–746

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altmann HW (1971) Die Histologie der akuten Hepatitis. In: Wannagat L (Hrsg) Die akute Hepatitis. Thieme, Stuttgart, S41–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballardini G, Groff P, Giostra F et al. (1995) Hepatocellular codistribution of c100, c33, c22 and NS 5 hepatitis C virus antigen detected by using immunopurified polyclonal spontaneous antibodies. Hepatology 21: 730–734

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beinker NK, Voigt MD, Arendse M et al. (1996) Threshold effect of liver iron content on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in hepatitis Band C. J Hepatol 25: 633–638

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi L, de Groote J, Desmet VJ et al. (1971) Morphological criteria in viral hepatitis. Lancet I: 333–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Blight K, Rowland, Hall PD (1993) Immunohostochemical detection of the NS 4 antigen of hepatitis C virus and its relation to histopathology. Am J Pathol 143: 1568–1573

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boucher E, Bourienne A, Adams P et al. (1997) Liver iron concentration and distribution in chronic hepatitis C before and after interferon treatment. Gut 41: 11 5–120

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyer JL, Klatskin G (1970) Pattern of necrosis in acute viral hepatitis. Prognostic value of bridging (subacute hepatic) necrosis. N Engl J Med 283: 1063–1071

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen TJ, Liaw YF (1988) The prognostic significance of bridging hepatic necrosis in chronic type B hepatitis; a histopathologic study. Liver 8: 10–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clouston AD, Jonsson JR, Purdie DM et al. (2001) Steatosis and chronic hepatitis C: analysis of fibrosis and stellate cell activation. J Hepatol 34: 314–320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA, Santrach PJ et al. (1998) Host-and disease-specific factors affecting steatosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 29: 198–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Groote J, Desmet VJ, Gedigk T et al. (1968) A classification of chronic hepatitis. Lancet II: 626–628

    Google Scholar 

  • Desmet VJ, Gerber M, Hoofnagle JH et al. (1994) Classification of chronic hepatitis: diagnosis, grading and staging. Hepatology 19: 1513–1520

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dienes HP, Popper H, Arnold W et al. (1982) Histologic observations in human hepatitis non-A, non-B. Hepatology 2: 562–571

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dries V, von Both I, Müller M et al. (1999) Detection of he pat itis C virus in paraffin-embedded liver biopsies of patients negative for viral RNA in serum. Hepatology 29: 223–229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dries V, Odenthal M, Schirmacher P et al. (2001) Bioptische Diagnostik der Hepatitis C. Morphologie, Molekularpathologie und klinisch-therapeutische Implikationen. Pathologe 22:362–368

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontaine H, Nalpas B, Poulet B et al. (2001) Hepatitis activity index is a key factor in determining the natural history of chronic hepatitis C. Hum Pathol 32: 904–909

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foschini MP, Morandi L, Macchia S et al. (2001) TT virus-related acute recurrent hepatitis. Histological features of a case and review of the literature. Virchows Arch 439: 752–755

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster GR, Goldin RD, Main J et al. (1997) Management of chronic hepatitis C: clinical audit of biopsy based management algorithm. BMJ 315: 453–458

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerber MA (1998) Pathology of acute viral hepatitis. In: Goldin RD, Thomas HC, Gerber MA (eds) Pathology of viral hepatitis. Arnold, London Sydney Auckland, pp 15–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldin RD, Levine TS, Foster GR et al. (1996) Granulomas and hepatitis C. Histopathology 28: 265–267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman ZD, Ishak KG (1995) Histopathology of hepatitis C infection. Semin Liver Dis 15: 70–81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gudat F, Bianchi L, Sonnabend W et al. (1975) Pattern of core and surface expression in liver tissue reflects state of specific immune response in hepatitis B. Lab Invest 32: 1–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Healey CJ, Chapman RWG, Fleming KA (1995) Liver histology in hepatitis C infection: a comparison between patients with persistently normal or abnormal transaminases. Gut 37: 274–278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hourigan LF, Macdonald GA, Purdie et al. (1999) Fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C correlates significantly with body mass index and steatosis. Hepatology 29: 1215–1219

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hübscher SG (1998) Histological grading and staging in chronic hepatitis: clinical applications and problems. J Hepatol 29: 1015–1022

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikawa H, Hayashi Y, Ninomiya T et al. (2001) Various scoring systems evaluating histologic features of chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon. Hum Pathol 32: 910–917

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • International Working Party (1994) Terminology of chronic hepatitis, hepatic allograft rejection and nodular lesions of the liver: summary and recommendations developed by an international working party, supported by the World Congress of Gastroenterology, Los Angeles, 1994. Am J Gastroenterol 89: S177–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishak KG (1976) Light microscopic morphology of viral hepatitis. Am J Clin Pathol 65: 787–796

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishak KG (1994) Chronic hepatitis: morphology and nomenclature. Mod Pathol 7: 690–713

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishak KG, Baptista A, Bianchi L et al. (1995) Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 22: 696–699

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koukoulis GK (2001) Chronic hepatitis C: grading, staging, and searching for reliable predictors of outcome. Hum Pathol 32: 899–903

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindh M, Savage K, Rees J et al. (1999) HBeAg immunostaining of liver tissue in various stages of chronic hepatitis B. Liver 19:294–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihm S, Fayyazi A, Hartmann H et al. (1997) Analysis of his topathological manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection with respect to virus genotype. Hepatology 25: 735–739

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M (1997) Hepatitis G virus — a true hepatitis virus or an accidental tourist? N Engl J Med 336: 795–796

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mochizuki K, Hayashi N, Hiramatsu Net al. (1996) Fas antigen expression im liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 24: 1–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosnier JF, Degott C, Marcellin P et al. (1993) The intraportal lymphoid nodule and its environment in chronic active hepatitis C: an immunohistochemical study. Hepatology 17: 366–371

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park YN, Han KH, Kim KS et al. (1999) Cytoplasmic expression of hepatitis B core antigen in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: role of precore stop mutants. Liver 19: 199–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips MJ, Poucell S (1981) Modern aspects of the morphology of viral hepatitis. Hum Pathol 12: 1060–1084

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Popper H, Paronetto F, Schaffner F (1965) Immune processes in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci 124: 781–799

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poulsen H, Christoffersen P (1969) Abnormal bile duct epithelium in liver biopsies with histological signs of viral hepatitis. Acta Path Microbiol Scand 76: 383–390

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Inigo E, Casqueiro M, Bartolome J et al. (2000) Detection of TT virus DNA in liver biopsies by in situ hybridization. Am J Pathol 156: 1227–1234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubbia-Brandt L, Quadri R, Abid K et al. (2000) Hepatocyte steatosis is a cytopathic effect of hepatitis C virus genotype 3. J Hepatol 33: 106–115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheuer PJ (1991) Classification of chronic viral hepatitis: a need for reassessment. J Hepatol 13: 372–374

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlichting P, Holund B, Poulsen H (1983) Liver biopsy in chronic aggressive hepatitis. Diagnostic reproducibility in relation to size of specimen. Scand J Gastroenterol 18: 27–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman KE, Lewey SM, Goodman ZD (1995) Talc in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Am J Gastroenterol 90: 2164–2166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Texeira MR, Weller IV, Murray A et al. (1982) The pathology of hepatitis A in man. Liver 2: 53–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeuzem S, Roth WK, Herrmann G (1995) Virushepatitis C. Z Gastroenterol 33: 117–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bader TF (1996) Hepatitis A vaccine. Am J Gastroenterol 91: 217–222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bekkering FC, Brouwer JT, Leroux-Roels G et al. (1998) Ultra-rapid hepatitis C virus clearance by daily high-dose interferon in non-responders to standard therapy. J Hepatol 28: 960–964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein D, Kleinman L, Barker C et al. (2002) Relationship of health-related quality of life to adherence and sustained response in chronic hepatitis C patients. Hepatology 35: 704–708

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Böker KHW, Manns MP (1997) Was bringt die Interferontherapie bei der chronis chen Hepatitis? Internist 38: 191–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Camma C, Giunta M, Pinzello G et al. (1999) Chronic hepatitis C and interferon alpha: conventional and cumulative meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Am J Gastroenterol 94: 581–595

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chow WC, Lee ASG, Lim GK et al. (1997) Acute viral hepatitis E: clinical and serologic studies in Singapore. J Clin Gastroenterol 24: 235–238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czaja AJ (1997) Extrahepatic immunologic features of chronic viral hepatitis. Dig Dis 15: 125–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dancygier H, Frühauf H (1997) Klinische Pharmakologie der Leberkrankheiten. In: Kuemmerle (Hrsg) Klinische Pharmakologie, 4. Aufl, Kap. IV-4.11.1. Klinische Pharmakologie der Leberkrankheiten, 53. Erg.-Lfg. 11197. Ecomed, Landsberg/Lech

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis GL, Esteban-Mur R, Rustgi V et al. (1998) Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin for the treatment of relapse of chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 339: 1493–1499

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster GR, Finter NB (1998) Are all type I human interferons equivalent? J Viral Hepat 5: 143–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glue P, Jane WSF, Rouzier-Panis R et al. (2000) Pegylated interferon-α-2b: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and a preliminary efficacy data. Clin Pharmacol Ther 68: 556–567

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Häussinger D, Niederau C (Hrsg) (1997) Hepatitis C. Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Heathcote J (1998) Consensus interferon: a novel interferon for the treatment of hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 5 [suppl 1): 13–18

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heathcote EJ, Shiffman ML, Cooksley W et al. (2000) Peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 343: 1673–1680

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hopf U, Niederau C, Kleber G et al. (1997) Behandlung der chronischen Virushepatitis B/D und der akuten und chronischen Hepatitis C. Konsensus der Deutschen Gesellschaft för Verdauungs-und Stoffwechselkrankheiten. Z Gastroenterol 35: 971–986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda K, Saitoh S, Arase Y et al. (1999) Effect of interferon therapy on hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients with chronic hepatitis type C: a long-term observation study of 1,643 patients using statistical bias correction with proportional hazard analysis. Hepatology 29: 1124–1130

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaeckel E, Cornberg M, Wedemeyer H et al. (2001) Treatment of acute hepatitis C with interferon alfa-2b. N Engl J Med 345: 1452–1457

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koff RS (1998) Hepatitis A. Lancet 241: 1643–1649

    Google Scholar 

  • Krawczynski K (1993) Hepatitis E. Hepatology 17: 932–941

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee WM (1997) Hepatitis B virus infection. N Engl J Med 337: 1733–1745

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemon SM, Thomas DL (1997) Vaccines to prevent viral hepatitis. N Engl J Med 336: 196–204

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay KL, Trepo C, Heintges T et al. (2001) A randomized, double-blind trial comparing pegylated interferon alfa-2b to interferon alfa-2b as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 34: 395–403

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lok AS, Heathcote EJ, Hoofnagle JH (2001) Management of hepatitis B: 2000 — summary of a workshop. Gastroenterology 120: 1828–1853

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malik AH, Lee WM (2000) Chronic hepatitis B virus infection: treatment strategies for the next millennium. Ann Intern Med 132: 723–731

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manns MP, McHutchison JG, Gordon SC et al. (2001) Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial. Lancet 358: 958–965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McHutchison JG, Gordon SC, Schiff ER et al. (1998) Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 339: 1485–1492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann AU, Lam NP, Dahari H et al. (1998) Hepatitis C viral dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferon-alpha therapy. Science 282: 103–107

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer JP (1997) Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with amantadine. Dig Dis Sci 42(8): 1681–1687

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry MP, Jarvis B (2001) Peginterferon-α-2a (40kD) A review of its use in the management of chronic hepatitis C. Drugs 61:2263–2288

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poynard T, Marcellin P, Lee SS (1998) Randomised trial of interferon alpha2b plus ribavirin for 48 weeks or for 24 weeks versus interferon alpha2b plus placebo for 48 weeks for treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis C virus. International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group (IHIT). Lancet 352: 1426–1432

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rambusch EG, Manns MP (1998) Extrahepatische Manifestationen der Hepatitis C-Infektion. Z Gastroenterol 36: 579–586

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robert-Koch-Institut (Hrsg) (1999) Zur Situation bei wichtigen Infektionskrankheiten im Jahr 1998 — Teil 2: Virushepatitiden. Epidemiologisches Bulletin 17 199 des Robert-Koch-Institus Berlin vom 30.4.1999, S 119-124

    Google Scholar 

  • Tillmann HL, Manns MP (2000) Virustatikum für die Therapie der Hepatitis B mit geringem Nebenwirkungsprofil. Arzneimitteltherapie 18: 102–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Vento S, Garofano T, Renzini C et al. (1998) Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis A superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 338: 286–290

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wedemeyer H, Jaeckel E, Wedemeyer J et al. (1998) Ist eine Kombinationstherapie der chronischen Hepatitis C mit Interferon alpha und Ribavirin bei primaren Interferon-Nonrespondern indiziert? — Eine Analyse der eigenen Erfahrungen und eine Zusammenfassung der Literatur. Z Gastroenterol 36: 819–827

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willson RA (1997) Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic viral hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 92: 4–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu JC, Sheen IJ, Chiang TY et al. (1998) The impact of traveling to endemic areas on the spread of hepatitis E virus infection: epidemiological and molecular analyses. Hepatology 27: 1415–1420

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeuzem S, Roth WK, Herrmann G (1995) Virushepatitis C. Z Gastroenterol 33: 117–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeuzem S, Feinman SV, Rasenack J (2000) Peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 343: 1666–1672

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zoulim F, Trepo C (1998) Drug therapy for chronic hepatitis B: antiviral efficacy and influence of hepatitis B virus polymerase mutations on the outcome of therapy. J Hepatol 29: 151–168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carmichael GP, Zahradnik JM, Moyer GH et al. (1979) Adenovirus hepatitis in an immunsuppressed adult patient. Am J Clin Pathol 71: 352–355

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edington GM, White HA (1972) The pathology of Lassa fever. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 66: 381–389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edoute Y, Baruch Y, Lachter J et al. (1998) Case report: severe cholestatic jaundice induced by Epstein-Barr virus infection in the elderly. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13: 821–824

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fabre A, Couvelard A, Degott C et al. (2001) Dengue virus induced hepatitis with chronic calcific changes. Gut 49: 864–865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fingeroth JD (2000) Herpesvirus infection of the liver. Infect Dis Clin North Am 14: 689–719

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flewett TH, Parker RG, Philip WM (1969) Acute hepatitis due to herpes simplex virus in an adult. J Clin Pathol 22: 60–66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Francis TI, Moore DL, Edington GM et al. (1972) A clinicopathological study of human yellow fever. Bull WHO 46: 659–667

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman ZD, Ishak KG, Sesterhenn I (1986) Herpes simplex hepatitis in apparendy immunocompetent adults. Am J Clin Pathol 85: 694–699

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heni N, Heissmeyer HH, Baumgartner M (1986) Klinik der Zytomegalie-Infektion des Erwachsenen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 111:499–503

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanno A, Abe M, Yamada M et al. (1997) Clinical and histological features of cytomegalovirus hepatitis in previously healthy adults. Liver 17: 129–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman B, Ghandi SA, Louie E et al. (1997) Herpes simplex virus hepatitis: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 24: 334–338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick ZM (1966) Structural and functional abnormalities of liver in infectious mononucleosis. Arch Intern Med 117: 47–53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura H, Nagasaka T, Hoshino Y et al. (2001) Severe hepatitis caused by Epstein-Barr virus without infection of hepatocytes. Hum Pathol 32: 757–762

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein NA, Mabie WC, Shaver DC et al. (1991) Herpes simplex virus hepatitis in pregnancy. Two patients successfully treated with acyclovir. Gastroenterology 100: 239–244

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krilov LR, Rubin LG, Frogel M et al. (1990) Disseminated adenovirus infection with hepatic necrosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and other immunodeficiency states. Rev Infect Dis 12: 303–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langnas AN, Markin RS, Cattral MS et al. (1995) Parvovirus B19 as a possible causative agent of fulminant liver failure and associated aplastic anemia. Hepatology 22: 1661–1665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein PK, Heubi JE, Daugherty CC et al. (1983) Grade I Reye’s syndrome. A frequent cause of vomiting and liver dysfunction after varicella and upper-respiratory-tract infection. N Engl J Med 309: 133–139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markin RS (1998) Hepatitis from non-hepatotropic viruses. In: Goldin RD, Thomas HC, Gerber MA (eds) Pathology of viral hepatitis. Arnold, London Sydney Auckland, pp 115–138

    Google Scholar 

  • McLellan RK, Gleiner JA (1982) Acute hepatitis in an adult with rubeola. JAMA 247: 2000–2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meng G, Lan Y, Nakagawa M et al. (1997) High prevalence of hantavirus infection in a group of Chinese patients with acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology. J Viral Hep 4: 231–234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips MJ, Blendis LM, Poucell S et al. (1991) Syncytial giantcell hepatitis. Sporadic hepatitis with distinctive pathological features, a severe clinical course, and paramyxoviral features. N Engl J Med 324: 455–460

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw NJ, Evans JH (1988) Liver failure and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Arch Dis Childhood 63: 432–433

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun NC, Smith VC (1966) Hepatitis associated with myocarditis: unusual manifestations of infection with coxsackie group B, type 3. N Engl J Med 274: 190–193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoto Y, Kudoh T, Haseyama K et al. (1996) Human parvovirus B19 infection associated with acute hepatitis. Lancet 347: 868–869

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adams JS, Walker DH (1981) The liver in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Am J Clin Pathol 75: 156–161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altemeier WA, Schowengerdt CG, Whiteley DH (1970) Abscesses of the liver. Surgical considerations. Arch Surg 101: 258–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez SZ (1998) Hepatobiliary tuberculosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13: 833–839

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez SZ, Carpio R (1983) Hepatobiliary tuberculosis. Dig Dis Sci 28: 193–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chavenet P, Pillon D, Lancon JP et al. (1987) Granulomatous hepatitis associated with Lyme disease. Lancet II: 623–624

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen C, Chen PJ, Yang PM et al. (1997) Clinical and microbiological features of liver abscess after trans arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 92: 2257–2259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dan M, Tyrrell LDJ, Goldsand G (1987) Isolation of chlamydia trachomatis from the liver of a patient with prolonged fever. Gut 28: 1514–1516

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dancygier H (1991) Umschriebene Lebererkrankungen (Abszesse, Zysten, Echinokokkose). In: Classen M, Diehl V, Kochsiek K (Hrsg) Innere Medizin. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München Wien Baltimore, S 609–615

    Google Scholar 

  • De la Vega M, Rivero JC, Su’arez S (2001) A fish bone in the liver. Lancet 358: 982

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diem LV, My TQ, Chi NV et al. (1976) Typhoid fever with hepatitis. J Trop Med Hyg 79: 25–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Dienes HP (2000) Hepatitis. In: Denk H, Dienes HP, Düllmann J et al. (Hrsg) Pathologie der Leber und der Gallenwege. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 317–441

    Google Scholar 

  • Dugger K, Leby T, Brus M et al. (1990) Hepatic abscess resulting from gastric perforation of a foreign object. Am J Emerg Med 8: 323–325

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Newihi H, Alamy ME, Reynolds TB (1996) Salmonella hepatitis: analysis of 27 cases and comparison with acute viral hepatitis. Hepatology 24: 516–519

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Essop AR, Posen JA, Hodkinson JH et al. (1984) Tuberculous hepatitis. A clinical review of 96 cases. QJM 53: 465–477

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira VA, Vianna MR, Yasuda PH et al. (1987) Detection of leptospiral antigen in the human liver and kidney using an immunoperoxidase staining procedure. J Pathol 151: 125–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Fogel R, Lewis S (1960) Diagnosis of brucella melitensis infection by percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver. Ann Intern Med 53: 204–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gourley GR, Chesney PJ, Davis JP et al. (1981) Acute cholestasis in patients with toxic shock syndrome. Gastroenterology 81: 928–931

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenstein AJ, Sachar DB (1988) Pyogenic and amebic abscesses of the liver. Semin Liver Dis 8: 210–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald KA, Nash G, Foley FD (1969) Acute systemic melioidosis. Autopsy findings in four patients. Am J Clin Pathol 52: 188–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz HW, Dworkin B, Forseter G et al. (1996) Liver function in early Lyme disease. Hepatology 23: 1412–1417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishak KG, Rogers WA (1981) Cryptogenic acute cholangitis — association with toxic shock syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol 76: 619–626

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Judge DM, Samuel I, Perine PL et al. (1974) Louse-born relapsing fever in man. Arch Pathol Lab Med 97: 136–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karat ABA, Job CK, Rao PSS (1971) Liver in leprosy: histological and biochemical findings. Br Med J 1(744): 307–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan M, Coovadia Y, Sturm AW (1998) Typhoid fever complicated by acute renal failure and hepatitis: case reports and review. Am J Gastroenterol 93: 1001–1003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khosla SN (1990) Typhoid hepatitis. Postgrad Med J 66: 923–925

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimball MW, Knee S (1970) Gonococcal perihepatitis in a male. N Engl J Med 282: 1082–1083

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lam KH, Wong SK, Lee DW et al. (1999) ERCP and pyogenic liver abscess. Gastrointest Endosc 50: 340–344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leelarasamee A, Bovornkitti S (1989) Melioidosis: review and update. Rev Infect Dis 11: 413–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maharaj B, Leary WP, Pudifin DJ (1987) A prospective study of hepatic tuberculosis in 41 black patients. QJM 63: 517–522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marino P, Maggioni M, Preatoni A et al. (1996) Liver abscesses due to listeria monocytogenes. Liver 16: 67–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald MI, Corey GR, Gallis HA et al. (1984) Single and multiple pyogenic liver abscesses. Natural history, diagnosis and treatment with emphasis on percutaneous drainage. Medicine (Baltimore) 63: 291–302

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mongiardo N, de Rienzo B, Zonchetta G et al. (1986) Primary hepatic actinomycosis. J Infect 8: 65–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochsner A, De Bakey M, Murray S (1938) Pyogenic abscesses of the liver. II. An analysis of forty-seven cases with review of the literature. Am J Surg 40: 292–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Piggot JA, Hochholzer L (1970) Human melioidosis. A histopathologic study of acute and chronic melioidosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 90: 101–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Pramoolsinsap C, Viranuvatti V (1998) Salmonella hepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13: 745–750

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam HC, Dockerty MB, Waugh JM (1950) Abdominal actinomycosis. Surg 28: 781–800

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajak CL, Gupta S, Jain S et al. (1998) Percutaneous treatment of liver abscesses: needle aspiration versus catheter drainage. Am J Roentgenol 170: 1035–1039

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seeto RK, Rockey DC (1996) Pyogenic liver abscess. Changes in etiology, management, and outcome. Medicine (Baltimore) 75: 99–113

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasan A, Kraus CN, DeShazer D et al. (2001) Glanders in a military research microbiologist. N Engl J Med 345: 256–258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steere AC, Bartenhagen NH, Craft JE et al. (1983) The earlyclinical manifestations of Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med 99: 76–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tazawa J, Sakai Y, Maekawa S et al. (1997) Solitary and multiple pyogenic liver abscesses: characteristics of the patients and efficacy of percutaneous drainage. Am J Gastroenterol 92: 271–274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weil A (1886) Über eine eigentümliche mit Milztumor, Icterus und Nephritis einhergehende akute Infektionskrankheit. Dtsch Arch Klin Med 39: 209

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams RK, Crossley K (1982) Acute and chronic hepatic involvement of brucellosis. Gastroenterology 83: 455–458

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang CC, Chen CY, Lin XZ et al. (1993) Pyogenic liver abscess in Taiwan: emphasis on gas-forming liver abscess in diabetics. Am J Gastroenterol 88: 1911–1915

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu VL, Miller WP, Wing EJ et al. (1982) Disseminated listeriosis presenting as acute hepatitis. Am J Med 73: 773–777

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Badalamenti S, Jameson JE, Reddy KR (1999) Amebiasis. Curr Treat Opt Gastroenterol 1: 97–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Crane GG (1986) Hyperreactive malarious splenomegaly (tropical splenomegaly syndrome). Parasitol Today 2: 4–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenstein AJ, Sachar DB (1988) Pyogenic and amebic abscesses of the liver. Semin Liver Dis 8: 210–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knight R (1984) Hepatic amebiasis. Semin Liver Dis 4: 277–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li E, Stanley SL (1996) Amebiasis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 25: 47l–492

    Google Scholar 

  • Pampiglione S, Manson-Bahr PEC, Giungi F et al. (1974) Studies in mediterranean leishmaniasis 2. Asymptomatic cases of visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 68: 447–453

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pradel G, Frevert U (2001) Malaria sporozoites actively enter and pass through rat Kupffer cells prior to hepatocyte invasion. Hepatology 33: 1154–1165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reed SL (1992) Amebiasis: an update. Clin Infect Dis 14: 385–393

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma MP, Dasarathy S, Verma N et al. (1996) Prognostic markers in amebic liver abscess: a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol 91: 2584–2588

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teutzner KH, Treumann T, Winkeltau G et al. (1989) Die parasitäre Leberzyste. Leber Magen Darm 19: 111–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari I, Roland CF, Popple AW (1982) Cholestatic jaundice due to toxoplasma hepatitis. Postgrad Med J 58: 299–300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turrini F, Schwarzer E, Arese P (1993) The involvement of hemozoin toxicity in depression of cellular immunity. Parasitol Today 9: 297–300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weitberg AB, Alper JC, Diamond I et al. (1979) Acute granulomatous hepatitis in the course of acquired toxoplasmosis. N Engl J Med 300: 1093–1096

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aktan AÖ, Yalin R (1996) Preoperative albendazole treatment for liver hydatid disease decreases the viability of the cyst. Eur J Gastroenterol 8: 877–879

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andrade ZA, Peixoto E, Guerret S et al. (1992) Hepatic connective tissue changes in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Hum Pathol 23: 566–573

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bastid C, Azar C, Doyer M et al. (1994) Percutaneous treatment of hydatid cysts under sonographic guidance. Dig Dis Sci 39: 1576–1580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beaver PC (1969) The nature of visceral larva migrans. J Parasitol 55: 3–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatia V, Sarin SK (1994) Hepatic visceral larva migrans: evolution of the lesion, diagnosis, and role of high-dose albendazole therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 89: 624–627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bica I, Hamer DH, Stadecker MJ (2000) Hepatic schistosomiasis. Infect Clin North Am 14: 583–604

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camacho-Lobato L, Borges DR (1998) Early liver dysfunction in schistosomiasis. J Hepatol 29: 233–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen MG, Mott KE (1990) Progress in assessment of morbidity due to Fasciola hepatica infection: a review of recent literature. Trop Dis Bull 87: Rl–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Dessein AJ, Hillaire D, Eldin N et al. (1999) Severe hepatic fibrosis in schistosoma mansoni infection is controlled by a major locus that is closely linked to the interferon-gamma receptor gene. Am J Hum Genet 65: 709–721

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dovidar N, El Sayad M, Mervat O et al. (1999) Endoscopic therapy of fascioliais resistant to oral therapy. Gastrointest Endosc 50: 345–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Frider B, Larrieu E, Odriozola M (1999) Long-term outcome of asymptomatic liver hydatidosis. J Hepatol 30: 228–231

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gil-Grande LA, Rodriguez-Caabeiro F, Prieto JG et al. (1993) Randomised controlled trial of efficacy of albendazole in intra-abdominal hydatid disease. Lancet 342: 1269–1272

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldring OL, Klegg JA, Smithers SR et al. (1976) Acquisition of human blood group antigens by schistosoma mansoni. Clin Exp Immunol 26: 181–187

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez HJ, Wang Y, Tzellas N et al. (1997) Expression of class II, but not class I, major histocompatibility complex molecules is required for granuloma formation in infection with schistosoma mansoni. Eur J Immunol 27: 1170–1176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hira PR, Lindberg LG, Francis I et al. (1988) Diagnosis of cystic hydatid disease: role of aspiration cytology. Lancet II: 655–657

    Google Scholar 

  • Hou PC (1955) The pathology of clonorchis sinensis infestation of the liver. J Pathol 70: 53–64

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishizu H, Uchino J, Sato N et al. (1997) Effect of albendazole on recurrent and residual alveolar echinococcosis of the liver after surgery. Hepatology 25: 528–531

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaul V, Friedenberg F, Rothstein KD (2000) Hepatic cysts. Curr Treat Opin Gastroenterol 3: 349–343

    Google Scholar 

  • Kern P, Kratzer W, Reuter S (2000) Alveoläre Echinokokkose: Diagnostik. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 125: 59–62

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kern P, Kratzer W, Reuter S (2000) Alveoläre Echinokokkose: Therapie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 125: 87–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khuroo MS, Wani NA, Javid G et al. (1997) Percutaneous drainage compared with surgery for hepatic hydatid cysts. N Engl J Med 337: 881–887

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu LX, Harinasuta KT (1996) Liver and intestinal flukes. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 25: 627–636

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLean JD, Graeme-Cook FM (2002) A 50-year-old man with eosinophilia and fluctuating hepatic lesions. N Engl J Med 346: 1232–1239

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miguet JP, Bresson-Hadni S (1989) Alveolar echinococcosis of the liver. J Hepatol 3: 373–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson JC, Sher A, Caulfield JP (1980) Newly transformed schistosomula spontaneously lose surface antigens and C3 acceptor sites during culture. J Immunol 124: 2055–2057

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schantz PM, Glickman LT (1978) Toxocaral visceral larva migrans. N Engl J Med 298: 436–439

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson AJ, Singer D, McCutchan TF et al. (1983) Evidence that schistosome MHC antigens are not synthesized by the parasite but are acquired from the host as intact glycoproteins. J Immunol 131: 962–965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teutzner KH, Treumann T, Winkeltau G et al. (1989) Die parasitare Leberzyste. Leber Magen Darm 19: 111–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Üstünsöz B, Akhan O, Kamiloglu MA et al. (1999) Percutaneous treatment of hydatid cysts of the liver: long term results. Am J Radiol 172: 91–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren KS, Domingo EO (1970) Granuloma formation around schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum eggs. Site and rate of development, cellular composition, cross-sensitivity, and rate of egg destruction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 19: 292–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson JF, Rausch RL, Wilson FR (1995) Alveolar hydatid disease. Review of the surgical experience in 42 cases of active disease among Alaskan Eskimos. Ann Surg 221: 315–323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin RA, Shapiro JL, Thurman GH et al. (1980) Disseminated histoplasmosis: clinical and pathologic correlations. Medicine (Baltimore) 59: 1–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain R, McLaren B, Bejarano P et al. (1996) Diagnostic problem in clinical hepatology. A 69-year-old man with cholestatic liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 16: 445–449

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redding PA, Gorelick DF, Brasher CA et al. (1970) Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis seen in adults. Am J Med 48: 629–636

    Google Scholar 

  • Thaler M, Pastakia B, Shawker TH et al. (1988) Hepatic candidiasis in cancer patients: the evolving picture of the syndrome. Ann Intern Med 108: 88–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. H. Dancygier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. Frühauf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Sarrazin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. U. Sarrazin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. Zeuzem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dancygier, H., Frühauf, H., Sarrazin, C., Sarrazin, U., Zeuzem, S. (2003). Infektiöse Lebererkrankungen. In: Klinische Hepatologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55902-0_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55902-0_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-67559-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55902-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation