Zusammenfassung
Leben basiert auf dem Zusammenspiel einer Vielzahl aktiver zellulärer Prozesse. Die hierfür notwendige Energie wird aus der Oxidation der mit der Nahrung zugeführten Kohlenhydrate, Fette und Proteine gewonnen. Für eine normale Zellfunktion ist die quantitative und qualitative Balance zwischen der umgesetzten und der aufgenommenen Energie eine Conditio sine qua non, jede Imbalance führt langfristig zu Funktionsstörungen oder gar zum Tode des Makroorganismus.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Aub JC, DuBois EF (1917) Clinical calorimetry. The basal metabolism of old men. Arch Intern Med 19:823–831
Behnke AR (1941) Physiologic studies pertaining to deep sea diving and activation, especially in relation to the fat content and composition of the body. Harvey Lect 37:198–226
Black AE, Coward WA, Cole TJ, Prentice AM (1996) Human energy expenditure in affluent societies: an analysis of 574 doubly-labelled water measurements. Eur J Clin Nutr 50:72–92
Boothby WM, Berkson J, Dunn HL (1936) Studies of the energy of metabolism of normal individuals: A standard for basal metabolism, with a normogram for clinical applications. Am J Physiol 116:468–484
Cunningham JJ (1991) Body composition as a determinant of energy expenditure: a synthetic review and a proposed general prediction equation. Am J Clin Nutr 54:963–969
Cuthbertson DP (1942) Post-shock metabolic response. Lancet 1: 433–437
D’Alessio DA, Kavle EC, Mozzoli MA et al. (1988) Thermic effect of food in lean and obese men. J Clin Invest 81:1781–1789
de Van Weir JB (1949) New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. J Physiol 109:1–9
Durnin JVGA (1991) Practical estimates of energy requirements. Am Inst Nutr 121:1907–1913
Elia M (1992) Energy expenditure in the whole body. In: Kinney JM, Tucker HN (eds) Energy metabolism. Tissue determinants and cellular corollaries. Raven Press, New York, pp 19–59
Fauth U, Heinrichs W, Halmágyi M (1987) Stoffwecheselmodelle zur Interpretation indirekt kalorischer Messungen bei Intensivpatienten. Infusionsther Transfusionsmed 14:48–59
Fleisch A (1951) Le métabolisme basal standard et sa détermination au moyen du »Metabocalculator«. Helv Med Acta 18:23–44
Harris JA, Benedict FG (1919) A biometrie study of basal metabolism in man. Carnegie Institution of Washington (publ. no. 279
Hayes MA, Timmins AC, Yau EH et al. (1997) Oxygen transport patterns in patients with sepsis syndrome or septic shock: influence of treatment and relationship to outcome. Crit Care Med 25:926–936
Heini AF, Minghelli G, Diaz E, Prentice AM, Schutz Y (1996) Free-living energy expenditure assessed by two different methods in rural Gambian men. Eur J Clin Nutr 50:284–289
Himms-Hagen J (1989) Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and obesity. Prog Lipid Res 28:67–115
Illner K, Brinkmann G, Heller M et al. (2000) Metabolically active components of fat free mass and resting energy expenditure in nonobese adults. Am J Physiol 278:E308–E315
Jequier E, Schutz Y (1988) Energy expenditure in obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Rev 4:583–593
Kinney JM, Duke JH, Long CL, Gump FE (1970) Tissue fuel and weight loss after injury. J Clin Pathol 23:65–72
Kinney JM, Morgan AP, Domingues FJ, Gildner KJ (1964) A method for continuous measurement of gas exchange and expired radioactivity in acutely ill patients. Metabolism 13:205–211
Kreymann G, Grosser S, Buggisch P et al. (1993) Oxygen uptake and resting energy expenditure in sepsis, sepsis syndrome and septic shock. Crit Care Med 27:1012–1019
Lavoisier AL, Laplace PS (1862) Mémoire sur la chaleur. (Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences, année 1780). In: (Anonymous) Mémoires de chimie et de physique. Imprimerie Impériale, Paris, pp 283–334
Long CL, Schaffel N, Geiger JW et al. (1979) Metabolic response to injury and illness: Estimation of energy and protein needs from indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance. JPEN 3:452–456
Löffler G, Petrides PE (1998) Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, 6. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio
Marks KH, Gunther RC, Rossi JA, Maisels MJ (1980) Oxygen consumption and insensible water loss in premature infants under radiant heaters. Pediatrics 66:228–232
Monk DN, Plank LD, Franch-Arcas G et al. (1996) Sequential changes in the metabolic response in critically injured patients during the first 25 days after blunt trauma. Ann Surg 223:395–405
Moore FD (1963) The body cell mass and its supporting environment; body composition in health and disease. Saunders, Philadelphia
Moriyama S, Okamoto K, Tabira Y et al. (1999) Evaluation of oxygen consumption and resting energy expenditure in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Crit Care Med 27: 2133–2136
Newsholme EA (1980) Sounding Board. A possible metabolic basis for the control of body weight. N Engl J Med 302:400–405
Plank LD, Connolly AB, Hill GL (1998) Sequential changes in the metabolic response in severely septic patients during the first 23 days after the onset of peritonitis. Ann Surg 228:146–158
Prentice AM, Davies HL, Coward DA et al. (1985) Unexpected low levels of energy expenditure in healthy woman. Lancet 22: 1419–1422
Ralley FE, Wynands E, Ramsay JG et al. (1988) The effects of shivering on oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in patients rewarming from hypothermic cardio-pulmonary bypass. Can J Anaesth 35:332–337
Robertson JD, Reid DD (1952) Standards for the basal metabolism of normal people in Britain. Lancet 10:940–943
Roe CF, Kinney JM (1965) The caloric equivalent of fever — II: influence of major trauma. Ann Surg 161:140–147
Rubner M (1894) Die Quelle der thierischen Wärme. Z Biol 30:73–142
Sato N, Oyamatsu M, Tsukada K et al. (1997) Serial changes in contribution of substrates to energy expenditure after transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer. Nutrition 13:100–103
Schoeller DA, Hnilicka JM (1996) Reliability of the doubly labeled water method for the measurement of total daily energy expenditure in free-living subjects. J Nutr 126: S348–S354
Schoeller DA, van Santen E (1982) Measurement of energy expenditure in humans by doubly labeled water method. J Appl Physiol 53: 955–959
Schofield WN (1985) Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 39 (Suppl 1): 5–41
Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Kram HB (1993) Hemodynamic and oxygen transport responses in survivors and nonsurvivors of high-risk surgery. Crit Care Med 21:977–990
Spurr GB, Barac-nieto M, Maksud MG (1975) Energy expenditure cutting sugercane. J Appl Physiol 39:990–996
Weinsier RL, Schutz Y, Bracco D (1992) Reexamination of the relationship of resting metabolic rate to fat-free mass and to the metabolically active components of fat-free mass in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 55: 790–794
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kreymann, K.G. (2003). Energieumsatz und Energiehaushalt. In: Stein, J., Jauch, KW. (eds) Praxishandbuch klinische Ernährung und Infusionstherapie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55896-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55896-2_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62625-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55896-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive