Zusammenfassung
Das Gehirn besteht aus einer unüberschaubaren Zahl flexibler Verschaltungsensembles, die Funktionen kontrollieren und Funktionszustände repräsentieren. Die Organisation der Netzwerke beruht auf einem angeborenen Bauplan von Kernen und Cortices, deren Verschaltungen untereinander und auf deren innerer Organisation in Kolumnen, topologischen Funktionskarten, Mustergeneratoren usw. Innerhalb dieses artspezifisch vorgegebenen Organisationsschemas herrscht jedoch erhebliche Flexibilität. Der Grundbaustein „Neuron“ ist kein statisches, sondern ein dynamisches Element. Mit dem wechselnden Zustrom äußerer Einflüsse und dem Wechsel innerer Zustände verändern sich im Laufe einer Lebensgeschichte die Ausstattung von Synapsenmembranen mit Ionenkanälen und Rezeptoren. Die synaptischen Verknüpfungsmuster von Neuronen können sich einengen, ganz aufgelöst werden, oder aber sich auf zusätzliche Neurone ausweiten.
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Neuweiler, G., Heldmaier, G. (2003). Gedächtnis und Lernen. In: Vergleichende Tierphysiologie. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55699-9_12
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