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Cavity Optomechanics with Cold Atoms

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Cavity Optomechanics

Part of the book series: Quantum Science and Technology ((QST))

Abstract

The mechanical influence on objects due to their interaction with light has been a central topic in atomic physics for decades. Thus, not surprisingly, one finds that many concepts developed to describe cavity optomechanical systems with solid-state mechanical oscillators have also been developed in a parallel stream of scientific literature pertaining to cold atomic physics. In this chapter, I describe several of these ideas from atomic physics, including optical methods for detecting quantum states of single cold atoms and atomic ensembles, motional effects within single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics, and collective optical effects such as superradiant Rayleigh scattering and cavity cooling of atomic ensembles. Against this background, I present several experimental realizations of cavity optomechanics in which an atomic ensemble serves as the mechanical element. These are divided between systems driven either by sending light onto the cavity input mirrors (“cavity pumped”), or by sending light onto the atomic ensemble (“side pumped”). The cavity-pumped systems clearly exhibit the key phenomena of cavity optomechanical systems, including cavity-aided position sensing, coherent back action effects such as the optical spring and cavity cooling, and optomechanical bistability; several of these effects have been detected not only for linear but also for quadratic optomechanical coupling. The extreme isolation of the atomic ensemble from mechanical disturbances, and its strong polarizability near the atomic resonance frequency, allow these optomechanical systems to be highly sensitive to quantum radiation pressure fluctuations. I describe several ways in which these fluctuations are observed experimentally. I conclude by considering the side-pumped cavity experiments in terms of cavity optomechanics, complementing recent treatments of these systems in terms of condensed-matter physics concepts such as quantum phase transitions and supersolidity.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For a structured collection of atoms, as for solid-state mirrors and membranes used in cavity optomechanics experiments, light scattering becomes, of course, highly anisotropic. Force fluctuations due to the uncertain direction of light emission are reduced, but fluctuations due to the uncertain time of photon scattering remains.

  2. 2.

    For simplicity, we assume the cavity is near-planar and thus neglect the divergence of the cavity optical field beyond the Rayleigh range.

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Acknowledgments

The author is deeply grateful to his co-researchers on cQED with cold atoms, whose persistence, curiosity and keen insight led to the development of the optomechanics picture for describing the interactions of trapped gases with single-mode optical cavities. This team includes Thierry Botter, Nathaniel Brahms, Daniel Brooks, Subhadeep Gupta, Zhao-Yuan Ma, Kevin Moore, Kater Murch, Sydney Schreppler, and Thomas Purdy. Additional contributions to the development of the experimental apparatus were made by Kevin Brown, Keshav Dani, Marilena LoVerde, and Guilherme Miranda. I am thankful to T. Esslinger, H.J. Kimble, G. Rempe, H. Ritsch, V. Vuletić, and C. Zimmermann for permission to use figures from their work, and also to A. Nunnenkamp and to P. Rabl for critical readings of the manuscript. Financial support for our research was provided by the DARPA QuIST program, the NSF, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, a critical seedling grant from DARPA through the AFOSR, and the AFOSR directly.

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  1. Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Dan M. Stamper-Kurn

  2. Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Dan M. Stamper-Kurn

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  1. Fakultät für Physik, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria

    Markus Aspelmeyer

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    Tobias J. Kippenberg

  3. Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

    Florian Marquardt

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Stamper-Kurn, D.M. (2014). Cavity Optomechanics with Cold Atoms. In: Aspelmeyer, M., Kippenberg, T., Marquardt, F. (eds) Cavity Optomechanics. Quantum Science and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55312-7_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55312-7_13

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