Abstract
Collagen fibrils and non-collagenous extracellular matrix components may be extracted from the dental pulp. Differences appear between the coronal and radicular pulp after mechanical preparation. Type I, III, V, and IV collagens have been identified. Other structural proteins play a role in the dental pulp, namely, the phosphorylated proteins of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein family (SIBLING), implicated in pulp mineralization as promotor or inhibitor, and in dentinogenesis imperfecta. Non-phosphorylated ECM proteins were also identified in pulp tissue. Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans act as tissue organizers. They influence cell growth and maturation. A series of molecules are influent as transcription or growth factors. They are acting as proteolytic enzymes including collagenases and other proteases.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Thesleff I, Vaahtokari A, Kettunen P, Aberg T. Epithelial-mesenchymal signaling during tooth development. Connect Tissue Res. 1995;32:9–15.
Ruch JV. Tooth crown morphogenesis and cytodifferentiations: candid questions and critical comments. Connect Tissue Res. 1995;32:1–8.
Sharpe PT. Homeobox genes and orofacial development. Connect Tissue Res. 1995;32:17–25.
Kuboki Y, Takagi T, Sasaki S, Saito S, Mechanic GL. Comparative collagen biochemistry of bovine periodontium, gingiva, and dental pulp. J Dent Res. 1981;60:159–63.
Bishop MA. An investigation of pulp capillaries and tight junctions between odontoblasts in cats. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1987;177:131–8.
Bishop MA. Extracellular fluid movement in the pulp; the pulp/dentin permeability barrier. Proc Finn Dent Soc. 1992;88 Suppl 1:331–5.
Egan CA, Bishop MA, Hector MP. An immunohistochemical study of the pulpal nerve supply in primary human teeth: evidence for the innervation of deciduous dentine. J Anat. 1996;188:623–31.
Van Amerongen JP, Lemmens AG, Tonino GJM. The concentration, extractability and characterization of the collagen in human dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol. 1983;28:339–45.
Byers MP, Sugaya A. Odontoblast processes in dentin revealed by fluorescent Di-1. J Histochem Cytochem. 1995;43:159–69.
Lukinmaa PL, Waltimo J. Immunohistochemical localization of types I, V, and VI collagen in human permanent teeth and periodontal ligament. J Dent Res. 1992;71:391–7.
ChandraRajan J. Separation of type III collagen from type I collagen and pepsin by differential denaturation and renaturation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1978;83:180–6.
Miller EJ, Epstein EH, Piez KA. Identification of three genetically distinct collagens by cyanogen bromide cleavage of insoluble human skin and cartilage collagen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1971;42:1024–9.
Lechner JH, Kalnitsky G. The presence of large amounts of type III collagen in bovine dental pulp and its significance with regard to the mechanism of dentinogenesis. Arch Oral Biol. 1981;26:265–73.
Tsuzaki M, Yamauchi M, Mechanic GL. Bovine dental pulp collagens: characterization of types III and V collagen. Arch Oral Biol. 1990;35:195–200.
Xing Y, Haiyan Q, Cunye Q, Tuan RS, Shi S, George T, Huang J. iPS cells reprogrammed from human mesenchymal-like stem/progenitor cells of dental tissue origin. Stem Cells Dev. 2010;19:469–80.
Makino Y, Yamaza H, Akiyama K, Ma L, Hoshino Y, Nonaka K, Terada Y, Kukita T, Shi S, Yamaza T. Immune therapeutic potential of stem cells from human supernumerary teeth. J Dent Res. 2013;92:609–15.
Stanko P, Kaiserova K, Altanerova V, Altaner C. Comparison of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp, bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord tissue by gene expression. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2013;157(XX):1–5.
Shuttleworth CA, Berry L, Kielty CM. Microfibrillar components in dental pulp: presence of both type VI collagen- and fibrillin-containing microfibrils. Arch Oral Biol. 1992;37:1079–84.
Suda H, Ikeda H. The circulation of the pulp. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE, editors. Seltzer and bender’s dental pulp. 3rd ed. Carol Stream: Quintessence Publishing; 2002.
van Amerongen JP, Lemmens IG, Tonino GJ. Immunofluorescent localization and extractability of fibronectin in human dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol. 1984;29:93–9.
Butler WT, Ritchie HH, Bronckers AL. Extracellular matrix proteins of dentine. Ciba Found Symp. 1997;205:107–15.
Ye L, MacDougall M, Zhang S, Xie Y, Zhang J, Li Z, Lu Y, Mishina Y, Feng JQ. Deletion of dentin matrix protein-1 leads to a partial failure of maturation of predentin into dentin, hypomineralization, and expanded cavities of pulp and root canal during postnatal tooth development. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:19141–8.
Decup F, Six N, Palmier B, Buch D, Lasfargues J-J, Salih E, Goldberg M. Bone sialoprotein-induced reparative dentinogenesis in the pulp of rat’s molar. Clin Oral Investig. 2000;4:110–9.
Denhardt DT, Guo X. Osteopontin: a protein with diverse functions. FASEB J. 1993;7:1475–82.
Liu H, Li W, Gao C, Kumagai Y, Blacher RW, DenBesten PK. Dentonin, a fragment of MEPE, enhanced dental pulp stem cell proliferation. J Dent Res. 2004;83:496–9.
Six N, Septier D, Chaussain-Miller C, Blacher R, DenBesten P, Goldberg M. Dentonin, a MEPE fragment, initiates pulp healing response to injury. J Dent Res. 2007;86:780–5.
Muramatsu T, Hamano H, Ogami K, Ohta K, Inoue T, Shimono M. Reduction of osteocalcin expression in aged human dental pulp. Int Endod J. 2005;38:817–21.
Salonen J, Domenicucci C, Goldberg HA, Sodek J. Immunohistochemical localization of SPARC (osteonectin) and denatured collagen and their relationship to remodelling in rat dental tissues. Arch Oral Biol. 1990;35:337–46.
Iozzo RV. Matrix proteoglycans: from molecular design to cellular function. Ann Rev Biochem. 1998;67:609–52.
Iozzo RV. The biology of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans- functional network of interactive proteins. J Biol Cell. 1999;274:18843–6.
Goldberg M, Septier D, Oldberg A, Young MF, Ameye LG. Fibromodulin-deficient mice display impaired collagen fibrillogenesis in predentin as well as altered dentin mineralization and enamel formation. J Histochem Cytochem. 2006;54:525–37.
Hall RC, Embery G, Lloyd D. Immunochemical localization of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan lumican in human predentine and dentine. Arch Oral Biol. 1997;42:783–6.
Buchaille R, Couble ML, Magloire H, Bleicher F. Expression of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan osteoadherin/osteomodulin in human dental pulp and developing rat teeth. Bone. 2000;27:265–70.
Nikdin H, Olsson M-L, Hultenby K, Sugars RV. Osteoadherin accumulates in the predentin towards the mineralization front in the developing tooth. PLOS One. 2012;7:e31525.
Yoneda S, Shibata S, Yamashita Y, Yanagishita M. Biosynthesis of versican by rat dental pulp cells in culture. Arch Oral Biol. 2002;47:435–42.
Shibata S, Yoneda S, Yanagishita M, Yamashita Y. Isolation of proteoglycan (versican) aggregate from rat dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol. 2000;45:563–8.
Howard C, Murray PE, Namerow KN. Dental pulp stem cell migration. J Endod. 2010;36:1963–6.
Tomson PL, Lumley PJ, Alexander MY, Smith AJ, Cooper PR. Hepatocyte growth factor is sequestered in dentine matrix and promotes regeneration-associated events in dental pulp cells. Cytokine. 2013;61:622–9.
Orlowski WA. The turnover of collagen in the dental pulp of rat incisors. J Dent Res. 1977;56:437–40.
Lee YH, Kim GE, Cho HJ, Yu MK, Bhattarai G, Lee NH, Yi HK. Aging of in vitro pulp illustrates change of inflammation and dentinogenesis. J Endod. 2013;39:340–5.
Kishi J, Hayakawa T. Purification and characterization of bovine dental pulp collagenase inhibitor. J Biochem. 1984;96:395–404.
Zhao Z, Liu H, Wang D. ADAM28 manipulates proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of human dental pulp stem cells. J Endod. 2011;37:332–9.
McDonald JK, Schwabe C. Dipeptidyl peptidase II of bovine dental pulp. Initial demonstration and characterization as a fibroblastic, lysosomal peptidase of the serine class active on collagen-related peptides. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980;616:68–81.
Chen C, Wei X, Ling J, Xie N. Expression of matrilin-2 and -4 in human dental pulps during dentin-pulp complex wound healing. J Endod. 2011;37:642–9.
Chen KL, Huang YY, Lung J, Yeh YY, Yuan K. CD44 is involved in mineralization of dental pulp cells. J Endod. 2013;39:351–6.
Acknowledgment
All of the work carried out in the Veis laboratory on mineralization and tooth behavior has been supported by the National Institutes of Health and National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research Grant DE01374. The French Foundation has supported the work in the Goldberg laboratories for dental research and STEM Pole for funding this research. A personal note of appreciation is in order from AV for the privilege of working with Professor Michel Goldberg, a gifted clinician scientist. He has taught me much about dentistry and the real world of clinical science as compared to the strict physical chemistry approach I brought to my studies of dentin 60 years ago. I have not been the best student, but he has been a great teacher.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Veis, A., Goldberg, M. (2014). Pulp Extracellular Matrix. In: Goldberg, M. (eds) The Dental Pulp. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55160-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55160-4_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-55159-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55160-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)