Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hämostase, Hämotherapie und Lyse

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Die Intensivmedizin

Zusammenfassung

Hämostase bezeichnet diejenigen physiologischen Prozesse, die bei struktureller Schädigung des Gefäßsystems die Blutstillung gewährleisten, den Blutverlust begrenzen und dadurch die Aufrechterhaltung eines kontinuierlichen Blutflusses zur Sicherstellung der nutritiven Versorgung des Gewebes ermöglichen.

Weit über die einfache Begrifflichkeit hinaus hat sich unser Verständnis hinsichtlich der Abläufe im Hämostasesystem kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Das von MacFarlane (1964) bzw. Davie u. Ratnoff (1964) aufgestellte Konzept der zwei Kaskaden begreift den Gerinnungsprozess als Abfolge proteolytischer Reaktionen und stellt einen ersten Versuch der Systematik dar. Das Postulat einer extrinsischen und intrinsischen Aktivierung der plasmatischen Gerinnung gilt jedoch zwischenzeitlich als überholt, wissen wir doch heute aus zahlreichen Untersuchungen, dass unter physiologischen Bedingungen die Initiation der plasmatischen Gerinnung ausschließlich auf dem extrinsischen Wege über Gewebsthromboplastin erfolgt. Darüber hinaus vermag das Kaskadenmodell den Beitrag der zellulären Komponente an der Clot-Bildung noch nicht in adäquater Weise zu integrieren und ist daher nicht geeignet, die Abläufe in vivo zu beschreiben.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 389.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Abraham E et al (2001) Assessment of the safety of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in patients with severe sepsis: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, dose escalation study. Crit Care Med 29:2081–2089

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abraham E et al (2003) Efficacy and safety of tifacogin (recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor) in severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 290:238–247

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad SS, Rawala-Sheikh R, Walsh PN (1991) Components and assembly of the factor X activating complex. Semin Thromb Hemost 18:311–323

    Google Scholar 

  • Alberio L, Dale GL (1999) Review article: platelet-collagen interactions: membrane receptors and intracellular signalling pathways. Eur J Clin Invest 29:1066–1076

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allen GA et al (2004) Impact of procoagulant concentration on rate, peak and total thrombin generation in a model system. J Thromb Haemost 2:402–413

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Avidan MS, Alcock EL, Da Fonseca J, Ponte J, Desai JB, Despotis GJ, Hunt BJ (2004) Comparison of structured use of routine laboratory tests or near-patient assessment with clinical judgement in the management of bleeding after cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 92:178–186

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bajzar L, Manuel R, Nesheim ME (1995) Purification and characterization of TAFI, a thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor. J Biol Chem 270:14477–14484

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bajzar L, Morser J, Nesheim M (1996) TAFI, or plasma procarboxypeptidase B, couples the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades through the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. J Biol Chem 271:16603–16608

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer KA et al (1989) Detection of factor X activation in humans. Blood 74:2007–2015

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer KA, Kass BL, ten Cate H, Hawiger JJ, Rosenberg RD (1990) Factor IX is activated in vivo by the tissue factor mechanism. Blood 76:731–736

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard GR et al (2001) Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 344:699–709

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bevers EM, Comfurius P, Hemker HC, Zwaal RF (1984) On the procoagulant activity of platelets stimulated by collagen and thrombin. Thromb Res 33:553–554

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt DL et al (2007) Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:1982–1988

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Briede JJ, Heemskerk JW, van`t Veer C, Hemker HC, Lindhout T (2001) Contribution of platelet-derived factor Va to thrombin generation on immobilized collagen- and fibrinogen-adherent platelets. Thromb Haemost 85:509–513

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brohi K et al (2007b) Acute traumatic coagulopathy: initiated by hypoperfusion: modulated through the protein C pathway? Ann Surg 245:812–818

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brohi K et al (2008) Acute coagulopathy of trauma: hypoperfusion induces systemic anticoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis. J Trauma 64:1211–7 (discussion 1217)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brohi K, Cohen MJ, Davenport RA (2007a) Acute coagulopathy of trauma: mechanism, identification and effect. Curr Opin Crit Care 13:680–685

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brummel KE, Paradis SG, Butenas S, Mann KG (2002) Thrombin functions during tissue factor-induced blood coagulation. Blood 100:148–152

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burns ER, Goldberg SN, Wenz B (1993) Paradoxic effect of multiple mild coagulation factor deficiencies on the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Am J Clin Pathol 100:94–98

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Busse R, Hecker M, Fleming I (1994) Control of nitric oxide and prostacyclin synthesis in endothelial cells. Arzneimittelforschung 44:392–396

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cadroy Y et al (1997) The thrombomodulin/protein C/protein S anticoagulant pathway modulates the thrombogenic properties of the normal resting and stimulated endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17:520–527

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carr RT, Xiao J (1995) Plasma skimming in vascular trees: numerical estimates of symmetry recovery lengths. Microcirculation 2:345–353

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chee YL, Crawford JC, Watson HG, Greaves M (2008) Guidelines on the assessment of bleeding risk prior to surgery or invasive procedures. British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Br J Haematol 140:496–504

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colman RW, Rubin RN (1990) Disseminated intravascular coagulation due to malignancy. Semin Oncol 17:172–186

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colucci M, Binetti BM, Tripodi A, Chantarangkul V, Semeraro N (2004) Hyperprothrombinemia associated with prothrombin G20210 A mutation inhibits plasma fibrinolysis through a TAFI-mediated mechanism. Blood 103:2157–2161

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corrigan JJJ (1977) Heparin therapy in bacterial septicemia. J Pediatr 91:695–700

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Darius H (2009) New anticoagulants. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 134:831–833

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davie EW, Ratnoff OD (1964) Waterfall sequence for intrinsic blood clotting. Science 145:1310–1312

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Candia E, Hall SW, Rutella S, Landolfi R, Andrews RK, De Cristofaro R (2001) Binding of thrombin to glycoprotein Ib accelerates the hydrolysis of Par-1 on intact platelets. J Biol Chem 276:4692–4698

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Pont AC et al (2005) Recombinant human activated protein C resets thrombin generation in patients with severe sepsis - a case control study. Crit Care 9:R490–7

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dempfle CE (2007) The TAFI system. The new role of fibrinolysis. Hamostaseologie 27:278–281

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dörner (2010) Leistungsfähigkeit von Labormethoden. In: Pötzsch B, Madlener K (Hrsg) Hämostaseologie, 2. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 827–833 (Kap 56)

    Google Scholar 

  • Feinstein DI (1982) Diagnosis and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation: the role of heparin therapy. Blood 60:284–287

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forstermann U, Kleinert H (1955) Nitric oxide synthase: expression and expressional control of the three isoforms. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 352:351–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Fries D (2006) Dilutional coagulopathy: development, diagnostic options and management. Hamostaseologie 26:S15–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fries D, Krismer A, Klingler A, Streif W, Klima G, Wenzel V, Haas T, Innerhofer P (2005) Effect of fibrinogen on reversal of dilutional coagulopathy: a porcine model. Br J Anaesth 95:172–177

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gawaz M (1999) Das Blutplättchen. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerlach E, Becker BF (1993) Interaction of blood and the vascular wall: hemostatic aspects. Z Kardiol 82(5):13–21

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gill JC, Wilson AD, Endres-Brooks J, Montgomery RR (1986) Loss of the largest von Willebrand factor multimers from the plasma of patients with congenital cardiac defects. Blood 67:758–761

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goda M et al (2013) Time course of acquired von Willebrand disease associated with two types of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: HeartMate II and CircuLite Synergy Pocket Micro-pump. J Heart Lung Transplant 32:539–545

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith TM, Edwards DH, Lewis MJ, Newby AC, Henderson AH (1984) The nature of endothelium-derived vascular relaxant factor. Nature 308:645–647

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grottke O, Frietsch T, Maas M, Lier H, Rossaint R (2013) Dealing with massive bleeding and associated perioperative coagulopathy: recommendations for action of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Anaesthesist 62:222–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess JR et al (2008) The coagulopathy of trauma: a review of mechanisms. J Trauma 65:748–754

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiippala ST (1995) Dextran and hydroxyethyl starch interfere with fibrinogen assays. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 6:743–746

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiippala ST, Myllyla GJ, Vahtera EM (1995) Hemostatic factors and replacement of major blood loss with plasma-poor red cell concentrates. Anesth Analg 81:360–365

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman M (2004) The cellular basis of traumatic bleeding. Mil Med 169(4):5–7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman M, Monroe DM (2001) A cell-based model of hemostasis. Thromb Haemost 85:958–965

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann JN et al (2006) Benefit/risk profile of high-dose antithrombin in patients with severe sepsis treated with and without concomitant heparin. Thromb Haemost 95:850–856

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt BJ, Segal H (1996) Hyperfibrinolysis. J Clin Pathol 49:958

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Innerhofer P (2006) Perioperative management of coagulation. Hamostaseologie 26:S3–14

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Innerhofer P et al (2002) The effects of perioperatively administered colloids and crystalloids on primary platelet-mediated hemostasis and clot formation. Anesth Analg 95:858–865 (table of contents)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jneid H et al (2012) 2012 ACCF/AHA focused update of the guideline for the management of patients with unstable angina/Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2007 guideline and replacing the 2011 focused update): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation 126:875–910

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaatz S et al (2012) Guidance on the emergent reversal of oral thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors. Am J Hematol 87(Suppl 1):S141–S145

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kermode JC, Zheng Q, Milner EP (1999) Marked temperature dependence of the platelet calcium signal induced by human von Willebrand factor. Blood 94:199–207

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khadzhynov D et al (2013) Effective elimination of dabigatran by haemodialysis. A phase I single-centre study in patients with end-stage renal disease. Thromb Haemost 109:596–605

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan H, Belsher J, Yilmaz M, Afessa B, Winters JL, Moore SB, Hubmayr RD, Gajic O (2007) Fresh-frozen plasma and platelet transfusions are associated with development of acute lung injury in critically ill medical patients. Chest 131:1308–1314

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knudsen L et al (1996) Monitoring thrombin generation with prothrombin fragment 1.2 assay during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Thromb Res 84:45–54

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama Y, Pedersen AH, Kisiel W (1990) Proteolytic activation of human factors IX and X by recombinant human factor VIIa: effects of calcium, phospholipids, and tissue factor. Biochemistry 29:9418–9425

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Komp DM, Sparrow AW (1970) Quantitation of secondary fibrinolysis in cyanotic heart disease. J Pediatr 77:679–682

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koscielny J, Jambor C (2008) Perioperativer Einsatz von Antifibrinolytika. Vascular Care 2/2008:28–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Koscielny J et al (2004) A practical concept for preoperative identification of patients with impaired primary hemostasis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 10:195–204

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koscielny J et al (2012) Risk of bleeding and haemorrhagic complication with rivaroxaban--periprocedural management of haemostasis. Hamostaseologie 32:287–293

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koscielny J, Ziemer S, Radtke H, Schmutzler M, Kiesewetter H, Salama A, Von Tempelhoff GF (2007) Preoperative identification of patients with impaired (primary) haemostasis. A practical concept. Hamostaseologie 27:177–184

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kozek-Langenecker SA, Afshari A, Albaladejo P, Santullano CA, De Robertis E, Filipescu DC, Fries D, Gorlinger K, Haas T, Imberger G, Jacob M, Lance M, Llau J, Mallett S, Meier J, Rahe-Meyer N, Samama CM, Smith A, Solomon C, Van Der Linden P, Wikkelso A, Wouters P, Wyffels P (2013) Management of severe perioperative bleeding: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 30:270–382

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kreutz R (2012) Pharmakologie neuer oraler Antikoagulantien. Klinikarzt 41(S1):10–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang T, von Depka M (2006) Possibilities and limitations of thrombelastometry/-graphy. Hamostaseologie 26:S20–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levi M, de Jonge E, van der Poll T (2001) Rationale for restoration of physiological anticoagulant pathways in patients with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Crit Care Med 29:S90–4

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levi M, Peters M, Buller H (2005) Efficacy and safety of recombinant factor VIIa for treatment of severe bleeding: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 33:883–890

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levi M, van der Poll T, ten Cate H (2006) Tissue factor in infection and severe inflammation. Semin Thromb Hemost 32:33–39

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levi M, van der Poll T, ten Cate H, van Deventer SJ (1997) The cytokine-mediated imbalance between coagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms in sepsis and endotoxaemia. Eur J Clin Invest 27:3–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Gabriel DA (1997) The physical exchange of factor VIII (FVIII) between von Willebrand factor and activated platelets and the effect of the FVIII B-domain on platelet binding. Biochemistry 36:10760–10767

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lier H, Kampe S, Schroder S (2007) Prerequisites of a functional haemostasis. What must be considered at the scene of an accident, in the emergency room and during an operation? Anaesthesist 56:239–251

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lier H, Krep H, Schochl H (2009) Gerinnungsmanagement bei der Polytraumaversorgung. Anaesthesist 58:1010–1026

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lier H, Krep H, Schroeder S, Stuber F (2008) Preconditions of hemostasis in trauma: a review. The influence of acidosis, hypocalcemia, anemia, and hypothermia on functional hemostasis in trauma. J Trauma 65:951–960

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorand L Factor XIII: structure, activation, and interactions with fibrinogen and fibrin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 936: 291–311 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas CE, Ledgerwood AM, Saxe JM, Dombi G, Lucas WF (1996) Plasma supplementation is beneficial for coagulation during severe hemorrhagic shock. Am J Surg 171:399–404

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luxemburg B, Krause M, Lindhoff-Last E (2007) Basiswissen Gerinnungslabor. Deutsches Ärzteblatt 104(21):1489–1497

    Google Scholar 

  • MacFarlane RG (1964) An enzyme cascade in the blood clotting mechanism, and its function as a biochemical amplifier. Nature 202:498–499

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod JB, Lynn M, McKenney MG, Cohn SM, Murtha M (2003) Early coagulopathy predicts mortality in trauma. J Trauma 55:39–44

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maegele M et al (2007) Early coagulopathy in multiple injury: an analysis from the German Trauma Registry on 8724 patients. Injury 38:298–304

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mani H, Hesse C, Stratmann G, Lindhoff-Last E (2011) Rivaroxaban differentially influences ex vivo global coagulation assays based on the administration time. Thromb Haemost 106:156–164

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mani H, Kasper A, Lindhoff-Last E (2013) Measuring the anticoagulant effects of target specific oral anticoagulants-reasons, methods and current limitations. J Thromb Thrombolysis 36(2):187–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann KG, Brummel K, Butenas S (2003) What is all that thrombin for? J Thromb Haemost 1:1504–1514

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mann KG, Krishnaswamy S, Lawson JH (1992) Surface-dependent hemostasis. Semin Hematol 29:213–226

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mardel SN et al (1998) Reduced quality of clot formation with gelatin-based plasma substitutes. Br J Anaesth 80:204–207

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marik PE, Corwin HL (2008) Efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the critically ill: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Care Med 36:2667–2674

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marti-Carvajal AJ, Sola I, Lathyris D, Cardona AF (2012) Human recombinant activated protein C for severe sepsis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD004388

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin TW, Wysolmerski RB (1987) Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent pathways for release of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylinositol in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 262:13086–13092

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martini WZ (2009) Coagulopathy by hypothermia and acidosis: mechanisms of thrombin generation and fibrinogen availability. J Trauma 67:202–208 (discussion 208–9)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martini WZ et al (2006) Does bicarbonate correct coagulation function impaired by acidosis in swine? J Trauma 61:99–106

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martini WZ, Pusateri AE, Uscilowicz JM, Delgado AV, Holcomb JB (2005) Independent contributions of hypothermia and acidosis to coagulopathy in swine. J Trauma 58:1009–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng ZH, Wolberg AS, Monroe DM, Hoffman M (2003) The effect of temperature and pH on the activity of factor VIIa: implications for the efficacy of high-dose factor VIIa in hypothermic and acidotic patients. J Trauma 55:886–891

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer M (2004) Molecular biology of haemostasis: fibrinogen, factor XIII. Hamostaseologie 24:108–115

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monroe DM, Hoffman M (2006) What does it take to make the perfect clot? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26:41–48

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monroe DM, Hoffman M, Roberts HR (1996) Transmission of a procoagulant signal from tissue factor-bearing cell to platelets. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 7:459–464

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore KL, Andreoli SP, Esmon NL, Esmon CT, Bang NU (1987) Endotoxin enhances tissue factor and suppresses thrombomodulin expression of human vascular endothelium in vitro. J Clin Invest 79:124–130

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moroi M et al (1997) Analysis of the involvement of the von Willebrand factor-glycoprotein Ib interaction in platelet adhesion to a collagen-coated surface under flow conditions. Blood 90:4413–4424

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moroi M, Onitsuka I, Imaizumi T, Jung SM (2000) Involvement of activated integrin alpha2beta1 in the firm adhesion of platelets onto a surface of immobilized collagen under flow conditions. Thromb Haemost 83:769–776

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morrissey JH, Macik BG, Neuenschwander PF, Comp PC (1993) Quantitation of activated factor VII levels in plasma using a tissue factor mutant selectively deficient in promoting factor VII activation. Blood 81:734–744

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mosesson MM et al (1999) Fibrinogen und Fibrin. In: Müller-Berghaus (Hrsg) Hämostaseologie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 286 (Abb. 32.1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Murad F (1994) Regulation of cytosolic guanylyl cyclase by nitric oxide: the NO-cyclic GMP signal transduction system. Adv Pharmacol 26:19–33

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nesheim M (1998) Fibrinolysis and the plasma carboxypeptidase. Curr Opin Hematol 5:309–313

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nieuwenhuis HK, Sakariassen KS, Houdijk WP, Nievelstein PF, Sixma JJ (1986) Deficiency of platelet membrane glycoprotein Ia associated with a decreased platelet adhesion to subendothelium: a defect in platelet spreading. Blood 68:692–695

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nuttall GA, Oliver WC, Santrach PJ, Bryant S, Dearani JA, Schaff HV, Ereth MH (2001) Efficacy of a simple intraoperative transfusion algorithm for nonerythrocyte component utilization after cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 94:773–781 (discussion 5 A)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Opatrny KJ (1997) Hemostasis disorders in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int Suppl 62:S87–S89

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paparella D, Brister SJ, Buchanan MR (2004) Coagulation disorders of cardiopulmonary bypass: a review. Intensive Care Med 30:1873–1881

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pereboom IT, De Boer MT, Haagsma EB, Hendriks HG, Lisman T, Porte RJ (2009) Platelet transfusion during liver transplantation is associated with increased postoperative mortality due to acute lung injury. Anesth Analg 108:1083–1091

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perkkio J, Wurzinger LJ, Schmid-Schonbein H (1987) Plasma and platelet skimming at T-junctions. Thromb Res 45:517–526

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peyrou V et al (1999) Contribution of erythrocytes to thrombin generation in whole blood. Thromb Haemost 81:400–406

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfanner G et al (2007) Preoperative evaluation of the bleeding history. Recommendations of the working group on perioperative coagulation of the Austrian Society for Anaesthesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care. Anaesthesist 56:604–611

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pötzsch B, Madlener K et al (2010) Disseminierte intravasale Gerinnung (DIC). In: Pötzsch B, Madlener (Hrsg) Hämostaseologie, 2. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 549–554 (Kap 34.3)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pötzsch B, Madlener K (2011) Erworbene Gerinnungsstörungen. In: Kiefel, Mueller-Eckhardt C (Hrsg) Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhämatologie. Grundlagen – Therapie – Methodik, 4. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 362–374 (Kap. 26)

    Google Scholar 

  • Preissner KT (2004) Biochemistry and physiology of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Hamostaseologie 24:84–93

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Preissner KT (2008) Physiology of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis: biochemistry. Hamostaseologie 28:259–271

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Querschnitts-Leitlinien zur Therapie mit Blutkomponenten und Plasmaderivaten: Herausgegeben von der Bundesärztekammer auf Empfehlung ihres Wissenschaftlichen Beirats (Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramakrishnan V et al (2001) A thrombin receptor function for platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX unmasked by cleavage of glycoprotein V. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:1823–1828

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reed RL, Bracey AWJ, Hudson JD, Miller TA, Fischer RP (1990) Hypothermia and blood coagulation: dissociation between enzyme activity and clotting factor levels. Circ Shock 32:141–152

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riess H (2008) Acquired coagulopathies. Hamostaseologie 28:348–357

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rivard GE et al (2005) Evaluation of the profile of thrombin generation during the process of whole blood clotting as assessed by thrombelastography. J Thromb Haemost 3:2039–2043

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts I et al (2011b) The importance of early treatment with tranexamic acid in bleeding trauma patients: an exploratory analysis of the CRASH-2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 377:1096–1101 (1101.e1–2)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts I, Shakur H, Ker K, Coats T (2011a) Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD004896

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodeghiero F, Castaman G, Dini E (1987) Epidemiological investigation of the prevalence of von Willebrand’s disease. Blood 69:454–459

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rossaint R et al (2010) Management of bleeding following major trauma: an updated European guideline. Crit Care 14:R52

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rotondo MF, Zonies DH (1997) The damage control sequence and underlying logic. Surg Clin North Am 77:761–777

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruggeri ZM (1997) Mechanisms initiating platelet thrombus formation. Thromb Haemost 78:611–616

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saelman EU et al (1994) Platelet adhesion to collagen types I through VIII under conditions of stasis and flow is mediated by GPIa/IIa (alpha 2 beta 1-integrin). Blood 83:1244–1250

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarani B, Dunkman WJ, Dean L, Sonnad S, Rohrbach JI, Gracias VH (2008) Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma in critically ill surgical patients is associated with an increased risk of infection. Crit Care Med 36:1114–1118

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savage B, Ruggeri ZM (1991) Selective recognition of adhesive sites in surface-bound fibrinogen by glycoprotein IIb-IIIa on nonactivated platelets. J Biol Chem 266:11227–11233

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savage B, Saldivar E, Ruggeri ZM (1996) Initiation of platelet adhesion by arrest onto fibrinogen or translocation on von Willebrand factor. Cell 84:289–297

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savage B, Shattil SJ, Ruggeri ZM (1992) Modulation of platelet function through adhesion receptors. A dual role for glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (integrin alpha IIb beta 3) mediated by fibrinogen and glycoprotein Ib-von Willebrand factor. J Biol Chem 267:11300–11306

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schetz MR (1998) Coagulation disorders in acute renal failure. Kidney Int Suppl 66:S96–101

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schochl H, Voelckel W, Maegele M, Solomon C (2012) Trauma-associated hyperfibrinolysis. Hämostaseologie 32:22–27

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder V, Kohler HP (2013) New developments in the area of factor XIII. J Thromb Haemost 11:234–244

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz UR, Walter U, Eigenthaler M (2001) Taming platelets with cyclic nucleotides. Biochem Pharmacol 62:1153–1161

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seifried E, Klueter H, Weidmann C, Staudenmaier T, Schrezenmeier H, Henschler R, Greinacher A, Mueller MM (2011) How much blood is needed? Vox Sang 100:10–21

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shakur H et al (2010) Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 376:23–32

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shattil SJ, Gao J, Kashiwagi H (1997) Not just another pretty face: regulation of platelet function at the cytoplasmic face of integrin alpha IIb beta. Thromb Haemost 3(78):220–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Spahn DR et al (2013) Management of bleeding and coagulopathy following major trauma: an updated European guideline. Crit Care 17:R76

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spannagl M et al (2012) Dabigatran therapy--perioperative management and interpretation of coagulation tests. Hamostaseologie 32:294–305

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spannagl M, Moessmer G (2006) Global tests of haemostasis. Hamostaseologie 26:27–37

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tangelder GJ, Teirlinck HC, Slaaf DW, Reneman RS (1985) Distribution of blood platelets flowing in arterioles. Am J Physiol 248:H318–23

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teitel JM, Bauer KA, Lau HK, Rosenberg RD (1982) Studies of the prothrombin activation pathway utilizing radioimmunoassays for the F2/F1 + 2 fragment and thrombin--antithrombin complex. Blood 59:1086–1097

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Töpfer G, Lutze G, Sauer K (2001) Einfluß der Citratkonzentration im Blutentnahmeröhrchen auf hämostaseologische Meßgrößen. J Lab Med; 25:162–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Treib J, Baron JF, Grauer MT, Strauss RG (1999) An international view of hydroxyethyl starches. Intensive Care Med 25:258–268

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turitto VT, Weiss HJ (1980) Red blood cells: their dual role in thrombus formation. Science 207:541–543

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valeri CR et al (1987) Hypothermia-induced reversible platelet dysfunction. Ann Surg 205:175–181

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valeri CR et al (2001) Anemia-induced increase in the bleeding time: implications for treatment of nonsurgical blood loss. Transfusion 41:977–983

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valles J et al (1991) Erythrocytes metabolically enhance collagen-induced platelet responsiveness via increased thromboxane production, adenosine diphosphate release, and recruitment. Blood 78:154–162

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wafaisade A et al (2010) Drivers of acute coagulopathy after severe trauma: a multivariate analysis of 1987 patients. Emerg Med J 27:934–939

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner F, Peters H, Formella S, Wiegert E, Moschetti V, Khadzhynovd, Clemens A (2011) Effective Elimination of Dabigatran with Haemodialysis: A Phase I Single Centre Study in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. Circulation 124:A13303

    Google Scholar 

  • Warkentin TE et al (2012) Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) and hemodialysis to manage massive dabigatran-associated postcardiac surgery bleeding. Blood 119:2172–2174

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weber CF et al (2012) Point-of-care testing: a prospective, randomized clinical trial of efficacy in coagulopathic cardiac surgery patients. Anesthesiology 117:531–547

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weber CF, Zacharowski K, Brün K et al (2013) Basisalgorithmus für „Point-of-Care“ basierte Hämotherapie. Perioperative Versorgung koagulopathischer Patienten. Anaesthesist 62:464–472

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wennmalm A et al (1993) Metabolism and excretion of nitric oxide in humans. An experimental and clinical study. Circ Res 73:1121–1127

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolberg AS, Monroe DM, Roberts HR, Hoffman M (2003) Elevated prothrombin results in clots with an altered fiber structure: a possible mechanism of the increased thrombotic risk. Blood 101:3008–3013

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ye J, Esmon NL, Esmon CT, Johnson AE (1991) The active site of thrombin is altered upon binding to thrombomodulin. Two distinct structural changes are detected by fluorescence, but only one correlates with protein C activation. J Biol Chem 266:23016–23021

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yun TH, Baglia FA, Myles T, Navaneetham D, Lopez JA, Walsh PN, Leung LL (2003) Thrombin activation of factor XI on activated platelets requires the interaction of factor XI and platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha with thrombin anion-binding exosites I and II, respectively. J Biol Chem 278:48112–48119

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou W et al (2011) Hemostatic therapy in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage associated with the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Stroke 42:3594–3599

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt/M., Deutschland

    Dr. med. Matthias Klages

  2. Medizinische Klinik III - Kardiologie, Angiologie, Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt/M., Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Edelgard Lindhoff-Last

Authors
  1. Dr. med. Matthias Klages
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prof. Dr. Edelgard Lindhoff-Last
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Anästhesiologie, RWTH Aachen Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany

    Gernot Marx

  2. Klinik für Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

    Elke Muhl

  3. Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Hessen, Germany

    Kai Zacharowski

  4. Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

    Stefan Zeuzem

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Klages, M., Lindhoff-Last, E. (2015). Hämostase, Hämotherapie und Lyse. In: Marx, G., Muhl, E., Zacharowski, K., Zeuzem, S. (eds) Die Intensivmedizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54953-3_35

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54953-3_35

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54952-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54953-3

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation