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Aquatische Lebensräume

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Biodiversität: Grundlagen, Gefährdung, Schutz

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Zusammenfassung

Je nachdem, ob ein Gewässer kontinentumfassend ist oder innerhalb eines Kontinents liegt, unterscheidet man zwischen Meeren (Ozeanen; Abschn. 6.1) und Binnengewässern (6.2). Beim Wort „Gewässer“ denkt man normalerweise an sichtbare, d. h. an Oberflächengewässer, daneben gibt es aber auch unterirdische (6.3). Vorgestellt werden u.a. die Unterschiede der Lebensbedingungen an Land und im Wasser, Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes Marine Census of Life sowie die Diversität der marinen (Supralitoral, Litoral, Benthal, Bathyal, Abyssal, Pelagial; wobei auf die für die tropischen Litoralregionen bezeichnende Mangroven und Korallenriffe sowie auf die Tiefsee gesondert eingegangen wird) und der limnischen Lebensräume von Seen (Litoral, Profundal, Pelagial) und anderen stehenden Gewässern (Teiche, Weiher, Tümpel) sowie der Fließgewässer (Fluss, Bach, Quelle). Im Rahmen der Behandlung der Meere ist den europäischen Meeren ein eigener Unterabschnitt gewidmet, u.a. wird darin eine Übersicht der Fischdichte (gesamt, Endemiten, Neozoen) im Mittelmeer sowie der Verbreitung und Bestandsentwicklung der Meeressäugetiere (Seehund, Kegelrobbe, Schweinswal, Weißschnauzendelphin und Zwergwal) in der deutschen Nord- und Ostsee gegeben.

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  1. Lehrstuhl Ökologie und Geobotanik, Universität Frankfurt Inst. f. Ökol., Evol. & Diversität, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

    Rüdiger Wittig Prof. Dr.

  2. Zoologischer Garten Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

    Manfred Niekisch Prof. Dr.

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Wittig, R., Niekisch, M. (2014). Aquatische Lebensräume. In: Biodiversität: Grundlagen, Gefährdung, Schutz. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54694-5_6

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