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Biodiversität: Grundlagen, Gefährdung, Schutz pp 335–370Cite as

Die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Biodiversität

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Zusammenfassung

Der Klimawandel (Kw) ist eine inzwischen nicht mehr zu leugnende Realität. Kapitel 12 stellt einige Klimasignale (Abschn. 12.1), bereits auf der Ebene von Arten erkennbare (12.2) und auf ökosystemarer Ebene zu erwartende Auswirkungen (12.3 - 12.5) sowie einige Gewinner und Verlierer des Kw vor (12.6). Abschließend wird ein Resümee gezogen (12.7). Bereits gut dokumentiert sind Arealerweiterungen und Verhaltensänderungen (z.B. früheres Brüten, späterer Herbstzug) von Tierarten bzw. ebenfalls Arealerweiterungen und phänologische Änderungen (u.a. früherer Blühtermin) bei Pflanzen. Ob eine Art den Kw unbeschadet, unter genetischen Verlusten oder gar nicht überlebt, hängt von ihrer Klimasensibilität, genetischen Diversität und Mobilität sowie von Ausbreitungshindernissen und den Konkurrenzverhältnissen am klimatisch geeigneten Ausweichstandort ab. Exemplarisch behandelt werden die Auswirkungen des Kw auf Reptilien und Amphibien, Grundwasser und Binnengewässer, Feuchtstandorte, marine Ökosysteme und den alpinen bzw. montanen Bereich. Außerdem werden einige allgemeine biozönotische und ökosystemare Effekte vorgestellt: Entkopplung von Bestäuber-, Futter- und Räuber-Beute-Beziehungen sowie Veränderung von Nahrungsnetzen.

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  1. Lehrstuhl Ökologie und Geobotanik, Universität Frankfurt Inst. f. Ökol., Evol. & Diversität, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

    Rüdiger Wittig Prof. Dr.

  2. Zoologischer Garten Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

    Manfred Niekisch Prof. Dr.

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Wittig, R., Niekisch, M. (2014). Die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Biodiversität. In: Biodiversität: Grundlagen, Gefährdung, Schutz. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54694-5_12

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