Abstract
In this chapter, we study the thermoelectric generator from the perspective of a heat engine, which in turn falls into a class of thermal insulation systems. We employ the method of finite-time thermodynamics to take into account the essential features of a realistic heat engine. We directly look into the geometrical shape and structure of the building blocks of each thermoelectric module of the cascaded assembly that eventually causes a better global performance.
The principles of thermodynamics occupy a special place among the laws of Nature. For this there are two reasons: in the first place, their validity is subject only to limitations which, though not, perhaps themselves negligibly small, are at any rate minimal in comparison with many other laws of Nature; and in the second place, there is no natural process to which they cannot be applied.
W. Nerst
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bejan, A.: Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics, pp. 665–682. Wiley, New York (2006)
Bridgman, P.W.: Thermoelectric phenomena in crystals and general electrical concepts. Phys. Rev. 31, 221–235 (1928)
Goldsmid, H.J.: Thermoelectric Refrigeration. Plenum, New York (1964)
Heikes, R.R., Ure Jr., R.W. (eds.) A.A. (rev.).: Thermoelectricity: science and engineering. Am. J. Phys. 30, 78 (1962)
Ioffe, A.F.: The revival of thermoelectricity. Sci. Am. 199, 31–37 (1958)
Ioffe, A.F.: Semiconductor Thermoelements and Thermoelectric Cooling. Infosearch Limited, London (1957)
Thomson, W.: Thermoelectric currents. In: Mathematical and Physical Papers-I, pp. 232–291. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1882)
Wiśniewski, S., Staniszewski, B., Szymanik, R.: Thermodynamics of Nonequilibrium Processes (trans: Lepa, E.), pp. 128–180. D. Reidel, Boston (1976)
Gupta, V.K., Gauri, S., Sarat, B., Sharma, N.K.: Experiment to verify the second law of thermodynamics using a thermoelectric device. Am. J. Phys. 52, 625–628 (1984)
Yan, Z., Chen, J.: Comment on “Generalized power versus efficiency characteristics of heat engines: the thermoelectric generator as an instructive illustration”. Am. J. Phys. 61, 380 (1993)
Gordon, J.M.: Generalized power versus efficiency characteristics of heat engines: the thermoelectric generator as an instructive illustration. Am. J. Phys. 59, 551–555 (1991)
Gordon, J.M.: A response to Yan and Chen’s “Comment on ‘Generalized power versus efficiency characteristics of heat engines: the thermoelectric generator as an instructive illustration’”. Am. J. Phys. 61, 381 (1993)
Luke, W.H.: Reply to experiment in thermoelectricity. Am. J. Phys. 28, 563 (1960)
Noon, J.H., O’Brien, B.J.: Sophomore experiment in thermoelectricity. Am. J. Phys. 26, 373–375 (1958)
Andresen, B., Salamon, P., Berry, R.S.: Thermodynamics in finite time. Phys. Today 37, 62–70 (1984)
Chen, J.: The maximum power output and maximum efficiency of an irreversible Carnot heat engine. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 27, 1144–1149 (1994)
Curzon, F.L., Ahlborn, B.: Efficiency of a Carnot engine at maximum power output. Am. J. Phys. 43, 22–24 (1975)
De Mey, G., De Vos, A.: On the optimum efficiency of endoreversible thermodynamic processes. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 27, 736–739 (1994)
De Vos, A.: Reflections on the power delivered by endoreversible engines. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 20, 232–236 (1987)
Gordon, J.M.: Maximum power point characteristics of heat engines as a general thermodynamic problem. Am. J. Phys. 57, 1136–1142 (1989)
Yan, Z., Chen, L.: The fundamental optimal relation and the bounds of power output and efficiency for an endoreversible Carnot engine. J. Phys. A Math. Gen. 28, 6167–6175 (1995)
Månsson, B.Å.: Thermodynamics and economics. In: Sieniutycz, S., Salamon, P. (eds.) Finite-Time Thermodynamics and Thermoeconomics. Taylor & Francis, New York (1991)
Rubin, M.H.: Optimal configuration of a class of irreversible heat engines-I. Phys. Rev. A 19, 1272–1276 (1977)
Bejan, A., Paynter, H.M.: Solved Problems in Thermodynamics. Problem VIID. MIT, Cambridge (1976)
El-Wakil, M.M.: Nuclear Power Engineering, pp. 162–165. McGraw-Hill, New York (1962)
Lu, P.C.: On optimal disposal of waste heat. Energy 5, 993–998 (1980)
Novikov, I.I.: The efficiency of atomic power stations. J. Nucl. Energy II 7, 125–128 (1958)
Bejan, A.: Shape and Structure, from Engineering to Nature. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)
Sherman, B., Heikes, R.R., Ure Jr., R.W.: Calculation of efficiency of thermoelectric devices. J. Appl. Phys. 31, 1–16 (1960)
De Vos, A., Desoete, B.: Equipartition principle in finite-time thermodynamics. J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. 25, 1–13 (2000)
Pramanick, A.K., Das, P.K.: Constructal design of a thermoelectric device. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 49, 1420–1429 (2006)
Pramanick, A.K.: Equipartition of Joulean heat in thermoelectric generators. In: Rocha, L.A.O., Lorente, S., Bejan, A. (eds.) Constructal Law and the Unifying Principle of Design. Springer, New York (2013)
Boerdijk, A.H.: Contribution to a general theory of thermocouples. J. Appl. Phys. 30, 1080–1083 (1959)
Harman, T.C., Honig, J.M.: Thermoelectric and Thermomagnetic Effects and Applications, p. 276. McGraw-Hill, New York (1967)
De Groot, S.R.: Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes, pp. 141–162. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1952)
Bejan, A.: Entropy Generation Through Heat and Fluid Flow, pp. 173–187. Wiley, New York (1982)
Kadanoff, L.P.: Fractals: where’s the physics? Phys. Today 39, 6–7 (1986)
McMahon, T.A., Kronauer, R.E.: Tree structures: deducing the principle of mechanical design. J. Theor. Biol. 59, 443–466 (1976)
Jain, S.C., Krishnan, K.S.: The distribution of temperature along a thin rod electrically heated in vacuo. I. Theoretical. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 222, 167–180 (1954)
Jain, S.C., Krishnan, K.S.: The distribution of temperature along a thin rod electrically heated in vacuo. II. Theoretical. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 225, 1–7 (1954)
Jain, S.C., Krishnan, K.S.: The distribution of temperature along a thin rod electrically heated in vacuo. III. Experimental. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 225, 7–18 (1954)
Jain, S.C., Krishnan, K.S.: The distribution of temperature along a thin rod electrically heated in vacuo. IV. Many useful formulae verified. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 225, 19–32 (1954)
Salamon, P., Nitzan, A.: Finite time optimizations of a Newton’s law Carnot cycle. J. Chem. Phys. 74, 3546–3560 (1981)
Rektorys, K. (ed.): Survey of Applicable Mathematics, pp. 70–75. Liffe Books, London (1969)
Min, G., Rowe, D.M.: Thermoelectric figure-of-merit barrier at minimum lattice thermal conductivity? Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 860–862 (2000)
Ait-Ali, M.: Maximum power and thermal efficiency of an irreversible power cycle. J. Appl. Phys. 78, 4313–4318 (1995)
Bejan, A.: Theory of heat transfer-irreversible power plants—II. The optimal allocation of heat exchange equipment. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 38, 433–444 (1995)
Klein, S.A.: Design considerations for refrigeration cycles. Int. J. Refrg. 15, 181–185 (1992)
Antar, M.A., Zubair, S.M.: Thermoeconomic considerations in the optimum allocation of heat exchanger inventory for a power plant. Energ. Convers. Manage. 42, 1169–1179 (2001)
Andresen, B.: Comment on “A fallacious argument in the finite time thermodynamic concept of endoreversibility”. J. Appl. Phys. 90, 6557–6559 (2001)
Sekulic, D.P.: A fallacious argument in the finite time thermodynamics concept of endoreversibility. J. Appl. Phys. 83, 4561–4565 (1998)
Sekulic, D.P.: Response to “Comment on ‘A fallacious argument in the finite time thermodynamics concept of endoreversibility’”. J. Appl. Phys. 90, 6560–6561 (2001)
Andresen, B., Salamon, P., Berry, R.S.: Thermodynamics in finite time: extremals for imperfect heat engines. J. Chem. Phys. 66, 1571–1577 (1977)
Logan, J.K., Clement, J.R., Jeffers, H.R.: Resistance minimum of magnesium: heat capacity between 3°K and 13°K. Phys. Rev. 105, 1435–1437 (1957)
Pramanick, A.K., Das, P.K.: Note on constructal theory of organization in nature. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 48, 1974–1981 (2005)
Gray, A.: Tubes. Birkhäuser, Boston (2004)
Hwang, F.K., Richards, D.S., Winter, P.: The Steiner Tree Problem. Elsevier, London (1992)
Bern, M.W., Graham, R.L.: The shortest network problem. Sci. Am. 260, 84–89 (1989)
Rubinstein, J.H., Thomas, D.A.: A variational approach to the Steiner network problem. Ann. Oper. Res. 33, 481–499 (1991)
Ivanov, A.O., Tuzhilin, A.A.: Branching Solutions to One-Dimensional Variational Problems. World Scientific, Philadelphia (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pramanick, A.K. (2014). Natural Heat Engine. In: The Nature of Motive Force. Heat and Mass Transfer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54471-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54471-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54470-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54471-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)