Abstract
The roles of human filaggrin in health and disease have been modeled with experimental animal models, mostly mice. Mouse models have provided important information relevant to the roles of filaggrin, but it must always be considered that mice are not humans and that the role of filaggrin in skin pathology and/or physiology still remains unclear. Most altered expression levels or pattern of filaggrin could appear as a result of abnormal keratinization and may not be substantial. In this chapter, various mutant mice and other animal models for filaggrin research are introduced.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Steinert PM, Cantieri JS, Teller DC, Lonsdale-Eccles JD, Dale BA. Characterization of a class of cationic proteins that specifically interact with intermediate filaments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981;78(7):4097–101.
Lynley AM, Dale BA. The characterization of human epidermal filaggrin. A histidine-rich, keratin filament-aggregating protein. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983;744(1):28–35.
Fisher C, Haydock PV, Dale BA. Localization of pro-filaggrin mRNA in newborn rat skin by in situ hybridization. J Invest Dermatol. 1987;88(5):661–4.
Rothnagel JA, Mehrel T, Idler WW, Roop DR, Steinert PM. The gene for mouse epidermal filaggrin precursor. Its partial characterization, expression, and sequence of a repeating filaggrin unit. J Biol Chem. 1987;262(32):15643–8.
Richards S, Scott IR, Harding CR, Liddell JE, Powell GM, Curtis CG. Evidence for filaggrin as a component of the cell envelope of the newborn rat. Biochem J. 1988;253(1):153–60.
Rothnagel JA, Steinert PM. The structure of the gene for mouse filaggrin and a comparison of the repeating units. J Biol Chem. 1990;265(4):1862–5.
McKinley-Grant LJ, Idler WW, Bernstein IA, Parry DA, Cannizzaro L, Croce CM, et al. Characterization of a cDNA clone encoding human filaggrin and localization of the gene to chromosome region 1q21. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989;86(13):4848–52.
Zhang D, Karunaratne S, Kessler M, Mahony D, Rothnagel JA. Characterization of mouse pro-filaggrin: evidence for nuclear engulfment and translocation of the pro-filaggrin B-domain during epidermal differentiation. J Invest Dermatol. 2002;119(4):905–12.
Pearton DJ, Dale BA, Presland RB. Functional analysis of the pro-filaggrin N-terminal peptide: identification of domains that regulate nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution. J Invest Dermatol. 2002;119(3):661–9.
Lane PW. Two new mutations in linkage group XVI of the house mouse. Flaky tail and varitint-waddler-J. J Hered. 1972;63:135–40.
Presland RB, Boggess D, Lewis SP, Hull C, Fleckman P, Sundberg JP. Loss of normal pro-filaggrin and filaggrin in flaky tail (ft/ft) mice: an animal model for the filaggrin-deficient skin disease ichthyosis vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol. 2000;115(6):1072–81.
Fallon PG, Sasaki T, Sandilands A, Campbell LE, Saunders SP, Mangan NE, et al. A homozygous frameshift mutation in the mouse Flg gene facilitates enhanced percutaneous allergen priming. Nat Genet. 2009;41(5):602–8.
Moniaga CS, Egawa G, Kawasaki H, Hara-Chikuma M, Honda T, Tanizaki H, et al. Flaky tail mouse denotes human atopic dermatitis in the steady state and by topical application with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. Am J Pathol. 2010;176(5):2385–93.
Nakai K, Yoneda K, Hosokawa Y, Moriue T, Presland RB, Fallon PG, et al. Reduced expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, E-cadherin, and occludin in the skin of flaky tail mice is due to filaggrin and loricrin deficiencies. Am J Pathol. 2012;181(3):969–77.
Kawasaki H, Nagao K, Kubo A, Hata T, Shimizu A, Mizuno H, et al. Altered stratum corneum barrier and enhanced percutaneous immune responses in filaggrin-null mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(6):1538–46 e6.
Holbrook KA, Dale BA, Brown KS. Abnormal epidermal keratinization in the repeated epilation mutant mouse. J Cell Biol. 1982;92(2):387–97.
Fisher C, Dale BA, Kollar EJ. Abnormal keratinization in the pupoid fetus (pf/pf) mutant mouse epidermis. Dev Biol. 1984;102(2):290–9.
Mamrack MD, Klein-Szanto AJ, Reiners Jr JJ, Slaga TJ. Alteration in the distribution of the epidermal protein filaggrin during two-stage chemical carcinogenesis in the SENCAR mouse skin. Cancer Res. 1984;44(6):2634–41.
Morita K, Hogan ME, Nanney LB, King Jr LE, Manabe M, Sun TT, et al. Cutaneous ultrastructural features of the flaky skin (fsn) mouse mutation. J Dermatol. 1995;22(6):385–95.
Hara-Chikuma M, Takeda J, Tarutani M, Uchida Y, Holleran WM, Endo Y, et al. Epidermal-specific defect of GPI anchor in Pig-a null mice results in Harlequin ichthyosis-like features. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;123(3):464–9.
Maass K, Ghanem A, Kim JS, Saathoff M, Urschel S, Kirfel G, et al. Defective epidermal barrier in neonatal mice lacking the C-terminal region of connexin43. Mol Biol Cell. 2004;15(10):4597–608.
Mao-Qiang M, Fowler AJ, Schmuth M, Lau P, Chang S, Brown BE, et al. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma activation stimulates keratinocyte differentiation. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;123(2):305–12.
Bikle DD, Chang S, Crumrine D, Elalieh H, Man MQ, Dardenne O, et al. Mice lacking 25OHD 1alpha-hydroxylase demonstrate decreased epidermal differentiation and barrier function. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004;89–90(1–5):347–53.
Pietila M, Pirinen E, Keskitalo S, Juutinen S, Pasonen-Seppanen S, Keinanen T, et al. Disturbed keratinocyte differentiation in transgenic mice and organotypic keratinocyte cultures as a result of spermidine/spermine N-acetyltransferase overexpression. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;124(3):596–601.
Mecklenburg L, Paus R, Halata Z, Bechtold LS, Fleckman P, Sundberg JP. FOXN1 is critical for onycholemmal terminal differentiation in nude (Foxn1) mice. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;123(6):1001–11.
Hewett DR, Simons AL, Mangan NE, Jolin HE, Green SM, Fallon PG, et al. Lethal, neonatal ichthyosis with increased proteolytic processing of filaggrin in a mouse model of Netherton syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 2005;14(2):335–46.
Leyvraz C, Charles RP, Rubera I, Guitard M, Rotman S, Breiden B, et al. The epidermal barrier function is dependent on the serine protease CAP1/Prss8. J Cell Biol. 2005;170(3):487–96.
Troy TC, Rahbar R, Arabzadeh A, Cheung RM, Turksen K. Delayed epidermal permeability barrier formation and hair follicle aberrations in Inv-Cldn6 mice. Mech Dev. 2005;122(6):805–19.
Mirza R, Hayasaka S, Takagishi Y, Kambe F, Ohmori S, Maki K, et al. DHCR24 gene knockout mice demonstrate lethal dermopathy with differentiation and maturation defects in the epidermis. J Invest Dermatol. 2006;126(3):638–47.
Geng S, Mezentsev A, Kalachikov S, Raith K, Roop DR, Panteleyev AA. Targeted ablation of Arnt in mouse epidermis results in profound defects in desquamation and epidermal barrier function. J Cell Sci. 2006;119(Pt 23):4901–12.
Epp N, Furstenberger G, Muller K, de Juanes S, Leitges M, Hausser I, et al. 12R-lipoxygenase deficiency disrupts epidermal barrier function. J Cell Biol. 2007;177(1):173–82.
Denecker G, Hoste E, Gilbert B, Hochepied T, Ovaere P, Lippens S, et al. Caspase-14 protects against epidermal UVB photodamage and water loss. Nat Cell Biol. 2007;9(6):666–74.
Man MQ, Barish GD, Schmuth M, Crumrine D, Barak Y, Chang S, et al. Deficiency of PPARbeta/delta in the epidermis results in defective cutaneous permeability barrier homeostasis and increased inflammation. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128(2):370–7.
Bayo P, Sanchis A, Bravo A, Cascallana JL, Buder K, Tuckermann J, et al. Glucocorticoid receptor is required for skin barrier competence. Endocrinology. 2008;149(3):1377–88.
Guttormsen J, Koster MI, Stevens JR, Roop DR, Williams T, Winger QA. Disruption of epidermal specific gene expression and delayed skin development in AP-2 gamma mutant mice. Dev Biol. 2008;317(1):187–95.
Nagaike K, Kawaguchi M, Takeda N, Fukushima T, Sawaguchi A, Kohama K, et al. Defect of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1/serine protease inhibitor, Kunitz type 1 (Hai-1/Spint1) leads to ichthyosis-like condition and abnormal hair development in mice. Am J Pathol. 2008;173(5):1464–75.
Scharschmidt TC, List K, Grice EA, Szabo R, Renaud G, Lee CC, et al. Matriptase-deficient mice exhibit ichthyotic skin with a selective shift in skin microbiota. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(10):2435–42.
Bonnart C, Deraison C, Lacroix M, Uchida Y, Besson C, Robin A, et al. Elastase 2 is expressed in human and mouse epidermis and impairs skin barrier function in Netherton syndrome through filaggrin and lipid misprocessing. J Clin Invest. 2010;120(3):871–82.
Hildenbrand M, Rhiemeier V, Hartenstein B, Lahrmann B, Grabe N, Angel P, et al. Impaired skin regeneration and remodeling after cutaneous injury and chemically induced hyperplasia in taps-transgenic mice. J Invest Dermatol. 2010;130(7):1922–30.
Yanagi T, Akiyama M, Nishihara H, Ishikawa J, Sakai K, Miyamura Y, et al. Self-improvement of keratinocyte differentiation defects during skin maturation in ABCA12-deficient harlequin ichthyosis model mice. Am J Pathol. 2010;177(1):106–18.
Yu X, Espinoza-Lewis RA, Sun C, Lin L, He F, Xiong W, et al. Overexpression of constitutively active BMP-receptor-IB in mouse skin causes an ichthyosis-vulgaris-like disease. Cell Tissue Res. 2010;342(3):401–10.
Roelandt T, Heughebaert C, Bredif S, Giddelo C, Baudouin C, Msika P, et al. Cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 oppositely regulate epidermal permeability barrier status and differentiation. Exp Dermatol. 2012;21(9):688–93.
Lutzow-Holm C, Heyden A, Huitfeldt HS, Brandtzaeg P, Clausen OP. Differential effects of topical retinoic acid application on keratin K1 and filaggrin expression in mouse epidermis. Differentiation. 1994;57(3):179–85.
Heyden A, Lutzow-Holm C, Clausen OP, Thrane EV, Brandtzaeg P, Roop DR, et al. Application of cantharidin or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on mouse epidermis induces a cell population shift that causes altered keratin distribution. Differentiation. 1994;57(3):187–93.
Hong SP, Kim MJ, Jung MY, Jeon H, Goo J, Ahn SK, et al. Biopositive effects of low-dose UVB on epidermis: coordinate upregulation of antimicrobial peptides and permeability barrier reinforcement. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128(12):2880–7.
Wollina U, Berger U, Mahrle G. Immunohistochemistry of porcine skin. Acta Histochem. 1991;90(1):87–91.
Scott IR. Alterations in the metabolism of filaggrin in the skin after chemical- and ultraviolet-induced erythema. J Invest Dermatol. 1986;87(4):460–5.
Waikel RL, Wang XJ, Roop DR. Targeted expression of c-Myc in the epidermis alters normal proliferation, differentiation and UV-B induced apoptosis. Oncogene. 1999;18(34):4870–8.
Hanley K, Feingold KR, Komuves LG, Elias PM, Muglia LJ, Majzoub JA, et al. Glucocorticoid deficiency delays stratum corneum maturation in the fetal mouse. J Invest Dermatol. 1998;111(3):440–4.
Marsella R, Girolomoni G. Canine models of atopic dermatitis: a useful tool with untapped potential. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(10):2351–7.
Alibardi L, Toni M. Immunolocalization and characterization of cornification proteins in snake epidermis. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2005;282(2):138–46.
Alibardi L, Toni M. Localization and characterization of specific cornification proteins in avian epidermis. Cells Tissues Organs. 2004;178(4):204–15.
Alibardi L, Toni M. Distribution and characterization of proteins associated with cornification in the epidermis of gecko lizard. Tissue Cell. 2005;37(6):423–33.
Alibardi L, Toni M. Characterization of keratins and associated proteins involved in the cornification of crocodilian epidermis. Tissue Cell. 2007;39(5):311–23.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nakai, K., Yoneda, K., Kubota, Y. (2014). Animal Models. In: Thyssen, J., Maibach, H. (eds) Filaggrin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54379-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54379-1_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54378-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54379-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)