Abstract
Spinal dysraphisms are a heterogeneous group of malformations, which may involve the vertebral column and the neuroaxis. The involvement of mesodermal structures is common and variable. The focus investigating these children should lie on the neural tissues. When a malformation is found, full and detailed mapping of the entire malformation should be performed to facilitate surgical planning.
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Further Reading
Bulas D (2010) Fetal evaluation of spine dysraphism. Pediatr Radiol 40:1029–1037
Chen YF, Liu HM (2009) Imaging of craniovertebral junction. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 19:483–510
DeLaPaz RL (1993) Congenital anomalies of the lumbosacral spine. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 3:425–442
Ghanem I, El Hage S, Rachkidi R, Kharrat K, Dagher F, Kreichati G (2008) Pediatric cervical spine instability. J Child Orthop 2:71–84
Lustrin ES, Karakas SP, Ortiz AO, Cinnamon J, Castillo M, Vaheesan K, Brown JH, Diamond AS, Black K, Singh S (2003) Pediatric cervical spine: normal anatomy, variants, and trauma. Radiographics 23:539–560
Smoker WR (1994) Craniovertebral junction: normal anatomy, craniometry, and congenital anomalies. Radiographics 14:255–277
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Porto, L. (2015). Malformations of the Spine. In: Hattingen, E., Weidauer, S., Setzer, M., Klein, J., Vrionis, F. (eds) Diseases of the Spinal Cord. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54209-1_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54209-1_9
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