Abstract
Due to the complex physiopathology of lumbar pain and its various multifactorial origins, along with implications on public health, it is clear that the first options we should offer patients suffering from low back pain are conservative alternatives. These options should be applied sequentially, starting with medical options like physical therapy, pain medication, external supports, and facet blocks.
After exhausting noninvasive possibilities, the next step should be minimally invasive surgical options. These techniques, having lower damage to adjacent structures, allow the patient a faster return to day-to-day activity with fewer risks and complications; they also are cost-effective and more esthetic. Likewise, due to their nature, they do not hinder the option of implementing conventional or open techniques in complex cases if they are possible.
Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) has fully complied with the philosophy of nowadays surgery. It establishes a new way of thinking, which aims to reduce to the minimum the surgical procedure that would still allow the preservation of function and natural structure of the body and which also prevents iatrogenic processes, without forgetting the main objective of the treatment: relief for low back pain.
It is important to understand the basic, but underlying, aspects regarding its evolution, guidelines, and most relevant techniques. Thus, this chapter will deal with thermodiskoplasty (TDP) and endoscopic techniques for the treatment of lumbar pain like percutaneous endoscopic diskectomy (using transforaminal and extraforaminal approaches), endoscopic foraminoplasty, and endoscopic interlaminar approach and the required tools to perform them.
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Fonseca, E.O., Ramírez, J.F., Rugeles, J.G., Cuéllar, G.O.A. (2014). Endoscopy and Thermodiskoplasty: A Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment for Lumbar Pain. In: Ramina, R., de Aguiar, P., Tatagiba, M. (eds) Samii's Essentials in Neurosurgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54115-5_10
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