Skip to main content

A Theory of the Ethnically Homogeneous Middleman Group: An Institutional Alternative to Contract Law

  • Chapter
Economic Success of Chinese Merchants in Southeast Asia
  • 660 Accesses

Abstract

Central to the economics of property rights-public choice theory1 is the recognition that laws and institutions are important in promoting the efficiency of an economy. One of these institutions is the law of contracts.

Reprinted from The Journal of Legal Studies, 10 (2), (June, 1981), 349–362, with the kind permission from the Journal’s publisher, The University of Chicago Press. The article is a revised version of chapter 4 (Part 2) and chapter 5 of my Ph.D. thesis (Landa 1978). See also Acknowledgements.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akerlof. George. (1976). The economics of caste and of the rat race and other woeful tales. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 90 (November), 599–617.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alchian, Armen & Harold Demsetz. (1972). Production, information costs, and economic organization. American Economic Review, 62 (December), 777–795.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arrow, Kenneth J. (1969). Classificatory notes on the production and transmission of technological knowledge. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 59 (May), 29–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belshaw, Cyril S. (1965). Traditional exchange and modern markets. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blau, Peter M. (Ed.) (1975). Approaches to the study of social structure. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boorman, Scott A. (1975). A combinatorial optimization model for transmission of job information through contact networks. The Bell Journal of Economics, 6 (Spring), 216–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, James M. (1965). An economic theory of clubs. Economica, 32 (February), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, James M. (1978). Markets, states, and the extent of morals. American Economic Review, 68 (May), 362–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, Jack & Janet Landa. (1980). The economics of symbols, clan names, and religion. Unpublished (October 1980) paper presented at the Southern Economic Association Annual Meetings, Washington, D.C. November 5–7, 1980, and at the Law and Economics Workshop, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, November 26, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson, Kenneth W., Roger Leroy Miller & Timothy J. Muris. (1978). Liquidated damages vs. penalties: Sense or nonsense? Wisconsin Law Review, 4, 351–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coase, Ronald H. (1937). The nature of the firm. Economica, 4 (November), 386–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colson, Elizabeth. (1974). Tradition and contract: The problem of order. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dales, John H. (1972). Rights and economics. In Gene Wunderlich and W. L. Gibson, Jr. (Ed.) Perspectives of property. State College, Pa.: Institute for Land and Water Resources, Pennsylvania State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, Alice G. (1962). Peasant marketing in Java. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortes, Myer. (1969). Kinship and the social order: The legacy of Lewis Henry Morgan. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furubotn, Eirik G. & Svetozar Pejovich. (1972). Property rights and economics theory: A survey of recent literature. Journal of Economic Literature, 10 (4), 1137–1162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geertz, Clifford. (1978). The bazaar economy: Information and search in peasant marketing. American Economic Review. Papers and Proceedings, 68 (May), 28–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goetz, Charles J. & Robert E. Scott (1977). Liquidated damages, penalties and the just compensation principle: Some notes on an enforcement model and a theory of efficient breach. Columbia Law Review, 77, 554–594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landa, Janet. (1976). An exchange economy with legally binding contract: A public choice approach. Journal of Economic Issues, 10(4), 905–922.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landa, Janet. (1978a). Central-place theory, social distance costs, and Nozickian minimal states. Paper presented at the Public Choice Society meetings in New Orleans, La., March 3–5, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landa, Janet T. (1978b). The economics of the ethnically homogeneous middleman group: A property rights-public choice approach. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University (June 1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Landa, Janet T. (1979). The economics of the ethnically-homogeneous middleman group: A low-cost club-like economic organization for economizing on contract-enforcement and information costs. Institute for Policy Analysis, University of Toronto, Working Paper Series, No. 7924, Oct. 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landa, Janet T. (1980). Primitive public choice and exchange: An explanation of the enigma of the Kula Ring. Unpublished (March 1980) presented at the Public Choice Society Annual meetings, San Francisco, California, March 14–16, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marschak, Jacob. (1968). Economics of inquiring, communicating, deciding. American Economic Review. Papers and Proceedings, 62 (May), 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, Lewis H. (1970). Systems of consanguinity and affinity of the human family. Volume 21 of Smithsonian contributions to knowledge. Oosterhout: Anthological Pub.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, Dennis C. (1976). Public choice: A survey. Journal of Economic Literature, 4(2), 395–433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Posner, Richard A. (1977). Economic analysis of law. (2nd ed.) Boston: Little, Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Posner, Richard. (1980). A theory of primitive society with special reference to law. Journal of Law and Economics, 23 (April), 1–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahlins, Marshall D. (1965). On the sociology of primitive exchange. In Michael Banton (Ed.) The relevance of models for social anthropology. London: Tavistock Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spence, A. Michael. (1974). Market signalling. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiebout, Charles. (1965). A pure theory of local expenditures. Journal of Political Economy, 64 (October), 416–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tollison, Robert D. (1972). Consumption sharing and non-exclusion rules. Economica, 39 (August), 276–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, Harrison C. (1963). An anatomy of kinship. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This is a revised, shorter version of my paper (Landa 1979) entitled “The economics of the ethnically-homogeneous middleman group: A low-cost club-like economic organization for economizing on contract-enforcement and information costs,” Institute for Policy Analysis, University of Toronto, Working Paper Series, No. 7924, Oct. 1979. I am indebted to Alan Abouchar, Albert Breton, Thomas E. Borcherding, James M. Buchanan, Jack Carr, John Dales, Louis De Alessi, and Allan Hynes for helpful comments on a previous draft. I also wish to thank Robert McKay and Francis X. Tannian for their comments on an early version presented at the Public Choice Society meetings, April 15–17, 1976, Roanoke, Virginia. Finally, thanks are due to Richard A. Posner and an anonymous referee for suggestions for improving this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Janet Tai Landa .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Landa, J.T. (2016). A Theory of the Ethnically Homogeneous Middleman Group: An Institutional Alternative to Contract Law. In: Economic Success of Chinese Merchants in Southeast Asia. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54019-6_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics