Abstract
We consider the synthesis of reactive systems from specifications with identifiers. Identifiers are useful to parametrize the input and output of a reactive system, for example, to state which client requests a grant from an arbiter, or the type of object that a robot is expected to fetch.
Traditional reactive synthesis algorithms only handle a constant bounded range of such identifiers. However, in practice, we might not want to restrict the number of clients of an arbiter or the set of object types handled by a robot a priori. We first present a concise automata-based formalism for specifications with identifiers. The synthesis problem for such specifications is undecidable. We therefore give an algorithm that is always sound, and complete for unrealizable safety specifications. Our algorithm is based on computing a pattern-based abstraction of a synthesis game that captures the realizability problem for the specification. The abstraction does not restrict the possible solutions to finite-state ones and captures the obligations for the system in the synthesis game. We present an experimental evaluation based on a prototype implementation that shows the practical applicability of our algorithm.
This work was partially supported by NSF ExCAPE CCF-1139025/1139138. The first author was also supported by the European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) / ERC grant agreement no.259267.
A full version of this paper, with appendices and missing proofs, is available at the authors’ homepages.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Attie, P.C., Emerson, E.A.: Synthesis of concurrent systems with many similar processes. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 20(1), 51–115 (1998)
Becker, B., Ehlers, R., Lewis, M., Marin, P.: ALLQBF solving by computational learning. In: Chakraborty, S., Mukund, M. (eds.) ATVA 2012. LNCS, vol. 7561, pp. 370–384. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Biere, A.: Picosat essentials. JSAT 4(2-4), 75–97 (2008)
Chatterjee, K., Henzinger, T.A., Piterman, N.: Generalized parity games. In: Seidl, H. (ed.) FOSSACS 2007. LNCS, vol. 4423, pp. 153–167. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Cheng, C.H., Lee, E.A.: Numerical LTL synthesis for cyber-physical systems. CoRR abs/1307.3722 (2013)
Dimitrova, R., Finkbeiner, B.: Abstraction refinement for games with incomplete information. In: FSTTCS, pp. 175–186 (2008)
Henzinger, T.A., Jhala, R., Majumdar, R.: Counterexample-guided control. In: Baeten, J.C.M., Lenstra, J.K., Parrow, J., Woeginger, G.J. (eds.) ICALP 2003. LNCS, vol. 2719, pp. 886–902. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Jacobs, S., Bloem, R.: Parameterized synthesis. In: Flanagan, C., König, B. (eds.) TACAS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7214, pp. 362–376. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Klieber, W., Janota, M., Marques-Silva, J., Clarke, E.: Solving QBF with free variables. In: Schulte, C. (ed.) CP 2013. LNCS, vol. 8124, pp. 415–431. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Kupferman, O., Piterman, N., Vardi, M.Y.: Safraless compositional synthesis. In: Ball, T., Jones, R.B. (eds.) CAV 2006. LNCS, vol. 4144, pp. 31–44. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Martin, D.A.: A purely inductive proof of Borel determinacy. In: Recursion theory, Symposium on Pure Mathematics, pp. 303–308 (1982)
Schewe, S., Finkbeiner, B.: Bounded synthesis. In: Namjoshi, K.S., Yoneda, T., Higashino, T., Okamura, Y. (eds.) ATVA 2007. LNCS, vol. 4762, pp. 474–488. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Tabuada, P.: Verification and Control of Hybrid Systems. Springer (2009)
Walukiewicz, I.: Pushdown processes: Games and model-checking. Inf. Comput. 164(2), 234–263 (2001)
Wolper, P.: Expressing interesting properties of programs in propositional temporal logic. In: POPL, pp. 184–193. ACM Press (1986)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ehlers, R., Seshia, S.A., Kress-Gazit, H. (2014). Synthesis with Identifiers. In: McMillan, K.L., Rival, X. (eds) Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation. VMCAI 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8318. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54013-4_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54013-4_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54012-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54013-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)