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Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology pp 179–217Cite as

Corals

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Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Almost 50 % of cytotoxic compounds are isolated from marine organisms such as sponges and corals. Symbiotic corals, mainly soft corals, are potential sources of many unique metabolites including cytotoxic and anticancer compounds. This review focuses on secondary biochemicals with potential biomedical properties extracted from both soft and hard coral species. The coral-derived compounds and extracts, for which biological activities have been reported, are discussed in this review, which covers the years from 1975 to late 2012. For distinction, members of each coral family, and the relevant genera and species have been surveyed separately. A total of 244 compounds (excluding crude extracts) have been introduced from 15 and 6 families each with 139 and 16 species of soft and hard corals, respectively. The majority of introduced compounds are promising as potential cancer therapeutics.

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Abbreviations

A549:

human lung adenocarcinoma

CCI:

chronic constriction injury

CCRF-CEM:

human Caucasian acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

CNS:

central nervous system

COX:

cyclooxygenase

Ca9-22:

human gingival carcinoma

DLD:

dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

FXR:

farnesoid X-activated receptor

HCMV:

human cytomegalovirus

HCT:

human colorectal tumor

HIV:

human immunodeficiency virus

HSV:

herpes simplex virus

HT-29:

human colon adenocarcinoma

HeLa:

Henrietta Lacks

Hep3B:

human liver carcinoma

HepG2:

Hepatoma Growth2

K562:

human chronic myeloid leukemia cells

KB:

human epidermoid carcinoma

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

LoVo:

human colon adenocarcinoma

MAA:

mycosporine-like amino acid

MCF7:

human breast cancer cell line

MCF:

Michigan Cancer Foundation-7

MDA-MB-231:

human breast carcinoma

MEL-28:

human melanoma cell

MIC:

minimum inhibitory concentration

MOLT:

molybdate uptake transporter

NADH:

nicotiamide adenine dinucleotide

NCI-H460:

human lung cancer cell line

NCI:

National Cancer Institute

P-388:

mouse lymphocytic leukemia

PC:

phycocyanin

RAW:

ATCC cell line

RNA:

ribonucleic acid

SF-268:

human CNS cancer cell line

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor-α

UV:

ultraviolet

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

bvPLA:

bee venom, phospholipase AZ

iNOS:

inducible nitric oxide synthase

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    Mohammad Kazem Khalesi Prof.

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Khalesi, M.K. (2015). Corals. In: Kim, SK. (eds) Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53971-8_7

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