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Genome Mining for Bioactive Compounds

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Coral reef environments are a rich source of biologically active natural products. However, due to their vulnerable nature and stringent environmental laws, it is always difficult to explore such environments physically. With the advent of molecular biology, many new strategies have evolved for the discovery of novel natural bioproducts from sensitive marine environments. Analyses of plant and microbial genome sequences have revealed many genes and gene clusters encoding proteins similar to those known to be involved in the biosynthesis of structurally complex natural products. The concept of genome mining evolved from this concept, where large-scale deoxyribonucleic acid (GlossaryTerm

DNA

) sequencing approaches have been used. Basically, this strategy involves two approaches: sequence-based metagenomics and functional metagenomics. Although many breakthroughs have been achieved, presently, the global pharmaceutical pipeline consists of few approved drugs and a large number of marine chemicals in different stages of preclinical trials. It is anticipated that with the advent of new molecular techniques, the metagenomics approach will be more useful for the discovery of natural bioactive compounds. In the present chapter, an attempt has been made to gather detailed information on the present status of coral-derived bioactive compounds and on the reasons for momentary halt in biodiscovery of marine natural products, and to outline future prospects of research on marine/coral associated bioactive compounds.

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Abbreviations

Ara-A:

vidarabine

Ara-C:

arebinosyl cytosine

BLAST:

basic local alignment search tool

CCRF-CEM:

human T-cell lymphoblast-like cell line

COX-2:

cyclooxygenase-2

DLD:

dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

DMXBA:

3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

E7389:

eribulin mesylate

EDTA:

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EMEA:

European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products

ET-743:

ecteinascidins

EU:

European Union

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GFP:

expression of signal molecule

green fluorescent protein

HCMV:

human cytomegalovirus

HT-29:

human colon adenocarcinoma

HTS:

high throughput screening

LB:

Luria-Bertani broth

LuxR:

transcriptional activator

Mp-TX:

Millepora platyphylla

NCE:

new chemical entity

NCI:

National Cancer Institute

NMNP:

new marine natural product

P-388:

mouse lymphocytic leukemia

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

RBC:

human red blood cell

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Discipline of Marine Biotechnology & Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, 364002, Bhavnagar, India

    Soumya Haldar

  2. Discipline of Marine Biotechnology & Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, 364002, Bhavnagar, India

    Kalpana H. Mody

Authors
  1. Kalpana H. Mody
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  2. Soumya Haldar
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Correspondence to Soumya Haldar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine-Bio. Convergence Science Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Yongdang Campus, 365, Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, 608-739, Busan, Korea

    Se-Kwon Kim Prof.

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Mody, K.H., Haldar, S. (2015). Genome Mining for Bioactive Compounds. In: Kim, SK. (eds) Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53971-8_21

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