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Lernen – Assoziationsbildung, Konditionierung und implizites Lernen

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Zusammenfassung

Wie können Menschen Zusammenhänge erkennen und lernen, diese Zusammenhänge erfolgreich in ihrem Verhalten zu berücksichtigen? In diesem Kapitel behandeln wir diese elementaren Lernmechanismen. Hierzu zählt vor allem das assoziative Lernen, wie es mit Konditionierungsprozeduren untersucht werden kann. Wir beschreiben und diskutieren aber auch Kausallernen sowie das implizite Lernen, bei dem Menschen komplexe Regelhaftigkeiten der Umwelt in ihrem Handeln nutzen, ohne dass ihnen dies zwangsläufig bewusst wird. Das Ziel dieses Kapitels besteht darin, für jede dieser Lernformen die elementaren Untersuchungsmethoden und Basisphänomene zu beschreiben sowie die wichtigsten Mechanismen und Erklärungsansätze darzustellen. Dabei werden wir auch auf formale Modelle des Lernens eingehen und diskutieren, inwieweit sowohl assoziative als auch kognitive Mechanismen beteiligt sind.

Schlüsselwörter: Assoziatives Lernen; Konditionierung; Kausallernen; Verstärkung; Löschung; Kontiguität; Kontingenz; Rescorla-Wagner-Modell; Implizites Lernen; Evaluative Konditionierung; Modelllernen

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  1. Institut für Psychologie, RWTH Aachen, Jägerstr. 17–19, 52056, Aachen, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Iring Koch

  2. Department Psychologie, Universität Köln, Herbert-Lewin-Str. 2, 50931, Köln, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Christoph Stahl

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  1. Institut für Psychologie, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

    Jochen Müsseler

  2. UMIT – Private Universität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technik, Institut für Psychologie, Hall in Tirol, Austria

    Martina Rieger

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Koch, I., Stahl, C. (2017). Lernen – Assoziationsbildung, Konditionierung und implizites Lernen. In: Müsseler, J., Rieger, M. (eds) Allgemeine Psychologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53898-8_10

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