Skip to main content

Periodicity and Seasonality of Airborne Algae and Protozoa

  • Chapter
Phenology and Seasonality Modeling

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 8))

Abstract

Only a few studies in the history of science have been concerned with airborne algae and protozoa. Those pioneers studying protozoa from the atmosphere were Spallanzani (1777), Miquel (1883), and Puschkarew (1913). Those initiating studies of airborne algae were Ehrenberg (1844), Salisbury (1866), van Overeem (1937), and Pettersson (1940). More recently, Brown et al. (1964, 1971) conducted long-term studies on airborne algae in Texas and Hawaii, while long-term studies on both airborne algae and protozoa were conducted by Schlichting in Michigan, Texas, and North Carolina (1961, 1964, 1969) and by Smith in North Carolina (1973). Short-term studies of algae in the atmosphere have been con ducted by Gregory et al. in Great Britain (1955), Hamilton in Great Britain (1959), Stevenson and Collier in Texas (1962), Chang in Taiwan (1967), Luty and Hoshaw in Arizona (1967), and Maynard in Florida (1968a). Mahoney (1968) studied both airborne algae and protozoa in Texas. Additional studies of airborne algae are in progress in Brazil, Florida, and Ohio.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bernstein, I. L., and R. A. Safferman. 1966. Sensitivity of skin and bronchial mucosa to green algae. J.Allergy38, 166–183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, I. L., and R. A. Safferman.1970. Viable algae in house dust.Nature227, 851–852.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, I. L., and R. A. Safferman.1972a. Sampling living particulates in the atmosphere. InUS/IBP Aerobiology Handbook. II, pp. 441–445. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, I. L., and R. A. Safferman.1972b. A model system for studying the aerobiology and biomedical impact of green algae. InUS/IBP Aerobiology Handbook,III, pp. 1–4. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. M., Jr. 1971. Studies of Hawaiian freshwater and soil algae. I. The atmospheric dispersal of algae and fern spores across the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. InContributions in Phycology. pp. 175–188. Lawrence, Kan.: Allen Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. M., Jr. D. A. Larson, and H. C. Bold. 1964. Airborne algae: Their abundance and heterogeneity.Science143, 583–585.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, T. 1967. A preliminary survey on air-borne algae in the Taipei atmosphere.Tai wan ia13, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrenberg, C. G. 1844. Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königl.Preuß. Akad. Wiss. Berlin9, 194–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, P. H., E. D. Hamilton, and T. Sreeramula. 1955. Occurrence of the algaGloeo-capsain the air.Nature176, 1270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, E. D. 1959. Studies on the air spora.Acta Allergol. 13, 143–175.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, C. K., S. M. Pady, J. J. Wiley. 1964. Kansas aeromycology. XIV. Diurnal studies1961–1962.Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 67, 442–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luty, E. T., and R. W. Hoshaw. 1967. Airborne algae of the Tucson and Santa Catalina Mountain areas. J.Arizona Acad. Sci. 4, 179–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, J. L., III. 1968. A qualitative survey of the airborne algae, protozoa and bacteria at the Denton sewage treatment plant. M.Sc. Thesis, Denton: North Texas State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maynard, N. G. 1968a. Significance of airborne algae. Z.Allg. Mikrobiol. 8, 225–226.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maynard, N. G.1968b. Aquatic foams as an ecological habitat. Z.Allg. Mikrobiol. 8, 119–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McElhenney, T. R., H. C. Bold, R. M. Brown, Jr., and J. P. McGovern. 1962. Algae: A cause of inhalant allergy in children.Ann. Allergy20, 739–743.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGovern, J. P., T. R. McElhenney, and R. M. Brown, Jr. 1965. Airborne algae and their allergenicity. I. Air sampling and delineation of the problem.Ann. Allergy23, 47–52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGovern, J. P., T. J. Haywood, and T. R. McElhenney. 1966. Airborne algae and their allergenicity. II. Clinical and laboratory multiple correlation studies with four genera.Ann. Allergy24, 145–151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miquel, M. P. 1883.Les organismes vivants de l atmosphere. Paris: Gautheir-Villars.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Overeem, M. A., van. 1937. On green organisms occurring in the lower troposphere.Rec. Trav. Botan. Neerl. 34, 389–439.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pady, S. M., and C. L. Kramer. 1967. Diurnal periodicity in airborne bacteria.Mycologica59, 714–716.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, B. C., N. Schanen, and R. Renner. 1969. Viable soil algae from the herbarium of the Missouri botanical garden.Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden56, 113–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pettersson, B. 1940. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die euanemochore Verbreitung der Sporenpflanzen.Acta Bot. Fennica25, 1–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puschkarew, B. M. 1913. Ãœber die Verbreitung der Süsswasserprotozoen durch die Luft.Arch. Protistenk. 28, 323–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salisbury, J. H. 1866. On the cause of intermittent and remittent fevers, with investigations which tend to prove that these affections are caused by certain species of Palmellae.Am. J. Med. 51, 51–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlichting, H. E., Jr. 1961. Viable species of algae and protozoa in the atmosphere.Lloydia24, 81–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlichting, H. E., Jr. 1964. Meteorological conditions affecting the dispersal of airborne algae and protozoa.Lloydia27, 64–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlichting, H. E., Jr. 1969. The importance of airborne algae and protozoa.Air Pollution Control J. 19, 946–951.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlichting, H. E., Jr. 1971. A preliminary study of algae and protozoa in seafoam.Bot. Marina14, 24–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlichting, H. E., Jr. G. S. Raynor, and W. R. Solomon. 1971. Recommendations for aerobiology sampling in a coherent monitoring system: Algae and Protozoa in the atmosphere. InUS/IBP Aerobiology Handbook. I, pp.60–61. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlichting, H. E., Jr., R. M. Brown, Jr., and P. E. Smith. 1972. Airborne algae of Hawaii: A model for coordinated aerobiological research. InUS/IBP Aerobiology Handbook. III, pp. 63–68. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlichting, H. E., Jr. 1974. Ejection of microalgae into the air via bursting bubbles.J. Allergy and clinical Immunology. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. E. 1973. The effects of some air pollutants and meteorological conditions on airborne algae and protozoa.Air Pollution Control J. 23, 876–880.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spallanzani, L. 1777. Opuscules de Physique animale et vegetale.Trad. V Italien Jean Sennebier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, R. E., and A. Collier. 1962. Preliminary observations of the occurrence of air borne marine phytoplankton.Lloydia25, 89–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodcock, A. H. 1948. Note concerning human respiratory irritation associated with high concentrations of plankton and mass mortality of marine organisms.J. Mar. Res. 7, 56.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1974 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schlichting, H.E. (1974). Periodicity and Seasonality of Airborne Algae and Protozoa. In: Lieth, H. (eds) Phenology and Seasonality Modeling. Ecological Studies, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51863-8_35

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51863-8_35

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-51865-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-51863-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics