Abstract
In another chapter of this volume1 some of the more general aspects of morphogenesis at the shoot apical meristem have been considered. Here the aim is to examine what is meant by apical organization2, i.e. the constructional and functional unity which the apex exhibits throughout the development of the plant, and to see how the apex, during its metabolism and growth, gives rise to organs of characteristic size, position and symmetry and to the tissue pattern within.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature
Albaum, H. G.: Inhibitions due to growth hormones in fern prothallia and sporophytes. Amer. J. Bot. 25, 124–133 (1938).
Allard, H.A.: Some aspects of the phyllotaxy of tobacco. J. agric. Res. 64, 49–55 (1942).
Allard, H.A.: Clockwise and counterclockwise spirality in the phyllotaxy of tobacco. J. agric. Res. 73, 237–242 (1946).
Allsopp, A.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XVII. The effect of various physiologically active substances on the development of Marsilea in sterile culture. Ann. Bot., N. S. 16, 165–183 (1952).
Allsopp, A.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XIX. Investigations on Marsilea. 2. Induced reversion to juvenile stages. Ann. Bot., N. S. 17, 37–55 (1953a).
Allsopp, A.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XX. Investigations on Marsilea. 3. The effect of various sugars on development and morphology. Ann. Bot., N. S. 17, 447–463 (1953 b).
Allsopp, A.: A comparison of the effects of 3-indolylacetic acid and 3-indolylacetonitrile on the development of sporelings of Marsilea in aseptic culture. J. exp. Bot. 5, 16–23 (1954 a).
Allsopp, A.: Juvenile stages of plants and the nutritional status of the shoot apex. Nature (Lond.) 173, 1032–1035 (1954b).
Allsopp, A.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XXIV. Investigations on Marsilea. 4. Anatomical effects of changes in sugar concentration. Ann. Bot., N. S. 18, 449–461 (1954c).
Allsopp, A.: Apical dominance in Marsilea with particular reference to the effects of 3-indolylacetic acid, 3-indolylacetonitrile, and coumarin on lateral bud development. J. exp. Bot. 7, 14–24 (1956 a).
Allsopp, A.: Morphogenetic affects of 3-indolylacetonitrile on sporelings of Marsilea in aseptic culture. J. exp. Bot. 7, 1–13 (1956b).
Antevs, E.: Die Jahresringe der Holzgewächse und die Bedeutung derselben als klimatischer Indikator. Progr. Rei bot. 5, 285–386 (1917).
Audus, L. J.: Plant growth substances. London: Hill 1953; 2nd edn.: 1959a.
Audus, L. J.: Correlations. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 56, 177–187 (1959b).
Avery, G. S., Jr.: Differential distribution of a phytohormone in the developing leaf of Nicotiana and its relation to polarised growth. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 62, 313–330 (1935).
Avery, G. S., Jr., P. R. Burkholder and H. B. Creighton: Production and distribution of growth hormone in shoots of Aesculus and Malus, and its probable rôle in stimulating cambial activity. Amer. J. Bot. 24, 51–58 (1937).
Ball, E.: The effects of synthetic growth substances on the shoot apex of Tropaeolum majus L, Amer. J. Bot. 31, 316–327 (1944).
Ball, E.: Development in sterile culture of stem tips and. subjacent regions of Tropeaolum majus L. and Lupinus albus L. Amer. J. Bot. 33, 301–318 (1946).
Ball, E.: Differentiation in the primary shoots of Lupinus albus L., and of Tropaeolum majus L. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 2, 246–262 (1948).
Ball, E.: The shoot apex and normal plant of Lupinus albus L., bases for experimental morphology. Amer. J. Bot. 36, 440–454 (1949).
Ball, E.: Differentiation in a callus culture of Sequoia sempervirens. Growth 14, 295–325 (1950).
Ball, E.: On certain gradients in the shoot tip of Lupinus albus. Amer. J. Bot. 42, 509–521 (1955 a).
Ball, E.: Studies of the nutrition of the callus culture of Sequoia sempervirens. Année biol. 59 (Sér. III 31), 281–305 (1955b).
Bary, A. de: Vergleichende Anatomie der Phanerogamen und Farne. Strasbourg 1877. Engl. transln.: Comparative anatomy of the phanerogams and ferns. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1884.
Basford, K. H.: Morphogenetic responses to gibberellic acid of a radiation-induced mutant dwarf in groundsel, Senecio vulgaris L. Ann. Bot., N.S. 25, 279–302 (1961).
Beal, J. M.: Bud development in Lilium harrisii following treatment with indoleacetic acid. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 23, 304–306 (1937).
Beal, J. M.: Histological responses of three species of Lilium to indoleacetic acid. Bot. Gaz. 99, 881–911 (1938).
Bersillon, G.: Sur le point végétatif de Papaver somniferum L.: structure et fonctionnement. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 232, 2470–2472 (1951).
Bersillon, G.: Recherches sur les Papaveracées. Contribution à l’étude du développement des dicotyledones herbacées. Ann. Sci. nat., Bot., Sér. XII 16, 225–443 (1955).
Bindloss, E.: A developmental analysis of cell length as related to stem length. Amer. J. Bot. 29, 179–188 (1942).
Bonner, J.: Transport of thiamin in the tomato plant. Amer. J. Bot. 29, 136–142 (1942).
Bouillenne, R.:La rhizogénèse. Année biol. 54 (Sér. III 31), 597–621 (1950).
Bouillenne, R., et F. W. Went: Recherches expérimentales sur la néoformation des racines dans les plantules et les boutures des plantes supérieures. Ann. Jard. bot. Buitenzorg 43, 25–202 (1933).
Bower, F. O.: The ferns, Vol. 1. Cambridge: Univ. Press 1923.
Bravais, L., et A. Bravais: Essai sur la disposition des feuilles curvisériées. Ann. Sci. nat., bot., Sér. II 7, 42–110 (1837).
Brian, P. W., J. P. Grove and J. MacMillan: The gibberellins. Fortschr. Chem. organ. Naturstoffe 8, 350–433 (1960).
Brown, R., and E. Robinson: Cellular differentiation and the development of enzyme proteins in plants. In: Biological specificity and growth (E. G. Butler, ed.), pp. 93–118. Princeton: Univ. Press 1955.
Buder, J.: Der Bau des phanerogamen Sproßvegetationspunktes und seine Bedeutung für die Chimärentheorie. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 46, (20)–(21) (1928).
Buchholz, J. T.: Volumetrie studies of seeds, endosperms, and embryos in Pinus ponderosa during embryonic differentiation. Bot. Gaz. 108, 232–244 (1946).
Bünning, E.: Morphogenesis in plants. Surv. biol. Progr. 2, 105–140 (1952).
Burström, H.: The nitrate nutrition of plants. Ann. agric. Coll. Sweden 13, 1–86 (1945).
Burström, H.: The rate of the nutrient transport to swelling buds of trees. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 1, 124–135 (1948).
Burström, H.: Auxin and the mechanism of root growth. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 11, 44–62 (1957).
Burström, H., and A. Krogh: The biochemistry of the development of buds in trees and the bleeding sap. Kgl. danske Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Medd. 20, No 2 (1946).
Burström, H., and A. Krogh: Bleeding and bud development in Carpinus. Svensk bot. Tidskr. 41, 17–44 (1947).
Buvat, R.: Structure, évolution et fonctionnement du méristème apical de quelques dicotyledones. Ann. Sci. nat., Bot., Sér. XI 13, 199–300 (1952).
Buvat, R.: L’apex de Triticum vulgare: modalités de reprise des mitoses lors de la germination et du fonctionnement végétatif. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 236, 1989–1991 (1953).
Buvat, R.: Le méristème apicale de la tige. Année biol. 59 (Sér. III 31), 596–656 (1955).
Camefort, H.: Étude de la structure du point végétatif et des variations phyllotaxiques chez quelques Gymnospermes. Ann. Sci. nat., Bot., Sér. XI 17, 1–185 (1956).
Camus, G.: Recherches sur le rôle des bourgeons dans les phenomènes de morphogenèse. Rev. Cytol. et Biol. végét. 11, 1–199 (1949).
Cathey, H. M.: Mutual antagonism of growth control of Chrysanthemum morifolium by gibberellin and Amo-1618. (Abstr.) Plant Physiol. xliii, Suppl., 33, (1958).
Cheadle, V. L: Research on xylem and phloem — progress in fifty years. Amer. J. Bot. 43, 719–731 (1956).
Chouard, P.: Sur la nature d’excitation par les hétéroauxins dans la formation provoquée de racines ou de bourgeons en n’importe quel point de boutures de feuilles. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 207, 597–599 (1938).
Church, A. H.: On the relation of phyllotaxis to mechanical laws. London 1904.
Church, A. H.: On the interpretation of phenomena of phyllotaxis. Oxford: Univ. Press 1920.
Clowes, F. A. L.: Adenine incorporation and cell division in shoot apices. New Phytologist 58, 16–19 (1959).
Crooks, D. M.: Histological and regenerative studies on the flax seedling. Bot. Gaz. 95, 209–239 (1933).
Cutter, E. G.: Experimental induction of buds from fern leaf primordia. Nature (Lond.) 173, 440–441 (1954).
Cutter, E. G.: Anatomical studies on the shoot apices of some parasitic and saprophytic angiosperms. Phytomorphology 5, 231–247 (1955).
Cutter, E. G.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XXXIII. The experimental induction of buds from leaf primordia in Dryopteris aristata Druce. Ann. Bot., N. S. 20, 143–165 (1956).
Cutter, E. G.: Studies of morphogenesis in the Nymphaeaceae. I. Introduction: some aspects of the morphology of Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. and Nymphaea alba L. Phytomorphology 7, 45–56 (1957 a).
Cutter, E. G.: Studies of morphogenesis in the Nymphaeaceae. II. Floral development in Nuphar and Nymphaea: bracts and calyx. Phytomorphology 7, 57–73 (1957b).
Cutter, E. G.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XXXVI. Further experiments on the developmental potentialities of leaf primordia in Dryopteris aristata Druce. Ann. Bot., N. S. 21, 343–372 (1957 c).
Cutter, E. G.: Studies of morphogenesis in the Nymphaeaceae. III. Surgical experiments on leaf and bud formation. Phytomorphology 8, 74–95 (1958).
Cutter, E. G.: On a theory of phyllotaxis and histogenesis. Biol. Rev. 34, 243–263 (1959).
Cutter, E. G., and B. R. Voeller: Changes in leaf arrangement in individual fern apices. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 56, 225–239 (1959).
Czaja, A. T.: Der Einfluß von Korrelationen auf Restitution und Polarität von Wurzel-Sproß-Stecklingen. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 49, (67)–(71) (1931).
Danckwardt-Lillieström, C.: Kinetin induced shoot formation from isolated roots of Isatis tinctoria. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 10, 794–796 (1957).
De Bary see under B.
DeRopp, R. S.: Studies in the physiology of leaf growth. I. The effect of various accessory growth factors on the growth of the first leaf of isolated stem tips of rye. Ann. Bot., N. S. 9, 369–381 (1945).
DeRopp, R. S.: The growth capacity of sunflower hypocotyl. Plant Physiol. 26, 778–785 (1951).
DeRopp, R. S., and E. Markley: The correlation of different aspects of auxin action. Plant Physiol. 30, 210–214 (1955).
Deschatres, R.: Recherches sur la phyllotaxie du genre Sedum. Rev. gén. Bot. 61, 1–70 (1954).
De Vries see under V.
Edwards, P. St. J., and A. Allsopp: The effect of changes in the inorganic nitrogen supply on the growth and development of Marsilea in aseptic culture. J. exp. Bot. 7, 194–202 (1956).
Esau, K.: Plant anatomy. New York: Wiley; London: Chapman and Hall 1953.
Esau, K.: Primary vascular differentiation in plants. Biol. Rev. 29, 46–86 (1954).
Esau, K., H. B. Currier and V. I. Cheadle: Physiology of phloem. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 8, 349–374 (1957).
Le Fanu see under L.
Fischnich, O.: Weitere Versuche über die Bedeutung des Wuchsstoffes für Adventivsproß- und Wurzelbildung. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 57, 122–134 (1939).
Fischnich, O.: Über Kallus-, Wurzel- und Sproßbildung bei Populus nigra var. pyramidalis. Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 27, 339–371 (1944).
Van Fleet see under V.
Foster, A. S.: Investigations on the morphology and comparative history of development of foliar organs. I. The foliage leaves and cataphyllary structures in the horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L). Amer. J. Bot. 18, 243–249 (1929).
Foster, A. S.: A histogenetic study of foliar determination in Carya buckleyi var. arkansana. Amer. J. Bot. 22, 88–147 (1935).
Foster, A. S.: Problems of structure, growth and evolution in the shoot apex of seed plants. Bot. Rev. 5, 454–470 (1939).
Fraser, D. A.: Production of spring wood with indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin). Nature (Lond.) 164, 542 (1949).
Frazer, H. L.: Seasonal changes in the shoot apex of Dryopteris aristata. Ann. Bot., N. S. 10, 391–408 (1946).
Galston, A. W.: On the physiology of root initiation in excised Asparagus stem tips. Amer. J. Bot. 35, 281–287 (1948).
Gautheret, R. J.: Hétéro-auxines et cultures des tissus végétaux. Bull. Soc. Chim. biol. 24, 13–47 (1942 a).
Gautheret, R. J.: Le bourgeonnement des tissus végétaux en culture. Sciences (Paris) 40, 95–128 (1942b).
Gautheret, R. J.: Recherches sur le développement de fragments de tissus végétaux cultivés “in vitro”. Rev. Cytol. et Cytophysiol. vég. 6, 85–180 (1942 c).
Gautheret, R. J.: Recherches sur la polarité des tissus végétaux. Rev. Cytol. et Cytophysiol. vég. 7, 45–215 (1944).
Gautheret, R. J.: Une voie d’avenir en biologie végétale: La culture des tissus. Paris: Gallimard 1945.
Gautheret, R. J.: La culture des tissus végétaux et les phénomènes d’histogénèse. Année biol. 43 (Sér. III 26), 719–744 (1950).
Gautheret, R. J.: Sur la variabilité des propriétés physiologiques de cultures de tissus végétaux. Rev. gén. Bot. 62, 5–110 (1955).
Gautheret, R. J.: La culture des tissus végétaux. Paris: Masson 1959.
Gifford E. M., Jr.: The shoot apex in angiosperms. Bot. Rev. 20, 477–529 (1954).
Gifford E. M., Jr., and R. H. Wetmore: Apical meristems of vegetative shoots and strobili in certain gymnosperms. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 43, 571–576 (1957).
Goebel, K.: Organographie der Pflanzen, pt. 1: Allgemeine Organographie, 3rd edn. Jena: Fischer 1928.
Goldberg, E.: Root and shoot production induced in cabbage by 3-indoleacetic acid. Science 87, 511 (1938 a).
Goldberg, E.: Histological responses of cabbage plants grown at different levels of nitrogen nutrition to indole-3-acetic acid. Bot. Gaz. 100, 347–369 (1938b).
Goodwin, R. H.: The rôle of auxin in leaf development in Solidago species. Amer. J. Bot. 24, 43–51 (1937).
Gorter, C. J.: The influence of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid on the growing points of tomatoes. Proc. kon. ned. Akad. Wet. 52, 1185–1193 (1951).
Greenidge, K. N. H.: Ascent of sap. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 8, 237–256 (1957).
Greenleaf, W. H.: Induction of polyploidy in Nicotiana. Science 86, 565–566 (1937).
Gregory, F. G.: Studies in the energy relations of plants. II. The effect of temperature on increase in area of leaf surface and in dry weight of Cucumis sativus. Ann. Bot. 42, 469–507 (1928).
Gregory, F. G., and J. A. Veale: A reassessment of the problem of apical dominance. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 11, 1–20 (1957).
Gunckel, J. E., and K. V. Thimann: Studies of development on long shoots and short shoots of Ginkgo biloba L. III. Auxin production in shoot growth. Amer. J. Bot. 36, 145–151 (1949).
Gunckel, J. E., and R. H. Wetmore: Studies of development in long shoots and short shoots of Ginkgo biloba L. I. The origin and pattern of development of the cortex pith, and procambium. Amer. J. Bot. 33, 285–295 (1946a).
Gunckel, J. E., and R. H. Wetmore: II. Phyllotaxis and the organization of the primary vascular system, primary phloem and primary xylem. Amer. J. Bot. 33, 532–543 (1946b).
Haberlandt, G.: Physiologische Pflanzenanatomie. Leipzig: Engelmann 1884; 6th edn. 1924. Engl. transln.: Physiological plant anatomy. London: Macmillan 1914.
Haccius, B.: Weitere Untersuchungen zum Verständnis der zerstreuten Blattstellungen bei den Dikotylen. S.-B. Heidelb. Akad. Wiss. 6, 289–337 (1950).
Haccius, B.: Experimentally induced twinning in plants. Nature (Lond.) 176, 355–356 (1955).
Hamner, K. C.: Histological responses of Mirabilis jalapa to indoleacetic acid. Bot. Gaz. 99, 912–954 (1938).
Hanstein, J.: Die Scheitelzellgruppe im Vegetationspunkt der Phanerogamen. Festschr. Niederrhein. Ges. Nat.- u. Heilk., pp. 109–143 (1868).
Harada, H., and J. P. Nitsch: Changes in endogenous growth substances during flower development. Plant Physiol. 34, 409–415 (1959).
Harrison, B.F.: Histological responses of Iresine lindenii to indoleacetic acid. Bot. Gaz. 99, 301–338 (1937).
Harting, M. G.: Recherches micrométriques sur le développement des parties élémentaires de la tige annuelle des plantes dicotyledonées. Ann. Sci. nat., Bot., Sér. III 4, 210–279 (1845).
Hayward, H. E., and F. W. Went: Transplantation experiments with peas. II. Bot. Gaz. 100, 788–801 (1939).
Helm, J.: Über die Beeinflussung der Sproßgewebe-Differenzierung durch Entfernen der jungen Blattanlagen. Planta (Berl.) 16, 607–621 (1932).
Heyes, J. K., and R. Brown: Growth and cellular differentiation. In: The growth of leaves (F. L. Milthorpe, ed.), pp. 31–49. London: Butterworths Scient. Publns. 1956.
Hofmeister, W.: Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Gefäßkryptogamen. Abh. kgl. sächs. Ges. Wiss. 3, 603–682 (1857).
Hofmeister, W.: Allgemeine Morphologie der Gewächse. Leipzig 1868.
Howard, H. W.: Possible action of phytohormones as root-determiners. Ann. Bot., N. S. 2, 933–942 (1938).
Ikeno, S.: Erblichkeitsversuche an einigen Sippen von Plantago major. Jap. J. Genet. 1, 153–212 (1923).
Imai, Y.: The right- and left-handedness of phyllotaxy. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41, 592–596 (1927).
Iterson, G. van: Mathematische und mikroskopischanatomische Studien über Blattstellungen. Jena: Fischer 1907.
Jablonski, J. R., and F. Skoog: Cell enlargement and cell division in excised tobacco pith tissue. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 7, 17–24 (1954).
Jacobs, W. P.: Auxin relationships in an intercalary meristem: further studies on the gymnophore of Arachis hypogaea L. Amer. J. Bot. 38, 307–310 (1951).
Jacobs, W. P.: The rôle of auxin in differentiation of xylem around a wound. Amer. J. Bot. 39, 301–309 (1952).
Jacobs, W. P.: Acropetal auxin transport and xylem regeneration — a quantitative study. Amer. Naturalist 88, 327–337 (1954).
Jacobs, W. P.: Internal factors controlling cell differentiation in the flowering plant. Amer. Naturalist 90, 163–169 (1956).
Jacobs, W. P., J. Danielson, V. Hurst and P. Adams: What substance normally controls a given biological process ? II. The relation of auxin to apical dominance. Develop. Biol, 1, 534–554 (1959).
Jacobs, W. P., and L B. Morrow: A quantitative study of xylem development in the vegetative shoot apex of Coleus. Amer. J. Bot. 44, 823–842 (1957).
Jacquiot, C.: Formation d’organes par le tissu cambial d’Ulmus campestris L. et de Betula verrucosa Gaertn. cultivés in vitro. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 240, 557–558 (1955).
Janse, J. M.: La polarité des cellules cambiennes. Ann. Jard. bot. Buitenzorg 31, 167–180 (1921).
Jones, E. R. H., H. B. Henbest, G. F. Smith and J. A. Bentley: 3-indoleacetonitrile: a naturally occurring plant growth hormone. Nature (Lond.) 169, 485–486 (1952).
Jost, L.: Zur Physiologie der Gefäßbildung. Z. Bot. 35, 114–150 (1940).
Jost, L.: Über Gefäßbrücken. Z. Bot. 38, 161–215 (1942).
Kaan Albest, A.v.: Anatomische und physiologische Untersuchungen über die Entstehung von Siebröhrenverbindungen. Z. Bot. 27, 1–94 (1934).
Kulescha, Z., et G. Camus: Relation entre l’inhibition de croissance des bourgeons et la teneur en substance de croissance des fragments de racines d’Endive. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 142, 320–323 (1948).
Lance, A.: Recherches cytologiques sur l’évolution de quelques méristèmes apicaux et sur ses variations provoquées par des traitements photopériodiques. Ann. Sci. nat. Bot., Sér. XI 18, 91–422 (1957).
Lang, A.: The effect of gibberellin upon flower formation. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 43, 709–717 (1957).
Lang, A.: The influence of gibberellin and auxin on photoperiodic induction. In: Photoperiodism and related phenomena in plants and animals (R. B. Withrow, ed.; Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Publ. No 55), pp. 329–350. Washington, D.C. 1959.
Lang, A.: Gibberellin-like substances in photoinduced and vegetative Hyoscyamus plants. Planta (Berl.) 54, 498–504 (1960).
Lang, A., R. M. Sachs and C. Bretz: Effets morphogénétiques de la gibbérelline. Bull. Soc. franç. Physiol, végét. 5, 1–19 (1959).
Le Fanu, B.: Auxin and correlative inhibition. New Phytologist 35, 205–220 (1936).
Leopold, A. C., and K. V. Thimann: The effect of auxin on flower initiation. Amer. J. Bot. 36, 342–347 (1949).
Lindner, R. A.: Effects of indoleacetic and naphthylacetic acids on development of buds in horse-radish. Bot. Gaz. 100, 500–527 (1939).
Loiseau, J. E.: Suppression expérimentale d’une hélice foliaire chez Impatiens roylei Walp. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 238, 149–151 (1954a).
Loiseau, J. E.: Évolution morphologique de quelques tiges d’Impatiens roylei Walp. après suppression expérimentale d’une helice foliaire. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 238, 385–387 (1954b).
Loiseau, J. E.: Multiplication expérimentale des hélices foliaires chez Impatiens roylei Walp. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 238, 1259–1261 (1954c).
Loiseau, J. E.: Influence de destructions ménagées de l’anneau initial sur la phyllotaxie. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 240, 1715–1717 (1955).
Loo, S.W.: Cultivation of excised stem tips of Asparagus in vitro. Amer. J. Bot. 32, 13–17 (1945).
Loomis, W. E.: Growth correlation. In: Growth and differentiation in plants (W. E. Loomis, ed.), pp. 197–217. Ames: Iowa State Coll. Press 1953.
Macloskie, G.: Antidromy in plants. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 22, 379–387 (1895).
Marsden, M. P. F., and R. H. Wetmore: In vitro culture of the shoot tips of Psilotum nudum. Amer. J. Bot. 41, 640–645 (1954).
Marth, P. C., W. H. Preston Jr. and J. W. Mitchell: Growth controlling effects of some quarternary ammonium compounds on various species of plants. Bot. Gaz. 115, 200–204 (1953).
Mayer, L.: Wachstum und Organbildung an in vitro kultivierten Segmenten von Pelargonium zonale und Cyclamen persicum. Planta (Berl.) 47, 401–446 (1956).
Miller, C. O., and F. Skoog: Chemical control of bud formation in tobacco stem segments. Amer. J. Bot. 40, 768–773 (1953).
Miller, C. O., F. Skoog, F. S. Okumura, M. H. Von Saltza and F. M. Strong: Isolation, structure and synthesis of kinetin, a substance promoting cell division. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 78, 1375–1380 (1956).
Nägeli, C.: Ueber das Scheitelwachstum hder Phanerogamen. Bot. Ztg 36, 124–126 (1878).
Nobécourt, P.: Cultures en série de tissus végétaux sur milieu artificiel. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 205, 521–523 (1937).
Nobécourt, P.: État actuel de la question des cultures de tissus végétaux. Études biol. Soc. dauphin. 322, 54 (1939).
Van Overbeek see under V.
Patau, K., N. K. Das and F. Skoog: Induction of DNA synthesis by kinetin and indole-acetic acid in excised tobacco pith tissue. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 10, 949–966 (1957).
Paulet, P., et J. P. Nitsch: Stimulation chimique de bourgeonnement chez Cardamine pratensis L. Bull. Soc. bot. France 106, 426–441 (1959).
Phinney, B. O., and C. A. West: Gibberellins as native plant growth regulators. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 11, 411–436 (1960).
Plant, W.: The role of growth substances in the regeneration of cuttings. Ann. Bot., N. S. 4, 607–614 (1940).
Plantefol, L.: Fondements d’une theorie phyllotaxique nouvelle. I. Historique et critique; II. La phyllotaxie des Monocotylédones. Ann. Sci. nat., Bot., Sér. XI 7, 153–229 (1946).
Plantefol, L.: III. La phyllotaxie des Dikotylédones. IV. Generalisations et conclusions. Ann. Sci. nat., Bot., Sér. XI 8, 1–66 (1947a).
Plantefol, L.: Hélices foliaires, point végétatif et stèle chez les dicotylédones. La notion d’anneau initial. Rev. gén. Bot. 54, 49–80 (1947b).
Plantefol, L.: La théorie des hélices multiples foliaires. Paris: Masson 1948.
Plantefol, L.: La phyllotaxie. Année biol. 54 (Sér. III 26), 447–460 (1950).
Postlethwait, S. N., and O. E. Nelson Jr.: A chronically wilted mutant of maize. Amer. J. Bot. 44, 628–633 (1957).
Priestley, J. H.: The meristematic tissues of the plant. Biol. Rev. 3, 1–20 (1928).
Priestley, J. H.: Studies in the physiology of cambial activity. III. The seasonal activity of the cambium. New Phytologist 29, 316–350 (1930).
Priestley, J. H., and L. I. Scott: Phyllotaxis in the dicotyledon from the standpoint of developmental anatomy. Biol. Rev. 8, 241–268 (1933).
Priestley, J.H., L. I. Scott and K. M. Mattinson: Dicotyledon phyllotaxis from the standpoint of development. Proc. Leeds philos. and lit. Soc., Sci. Sect. 3, 380–388 (1937).
Raunkiaer, C.: Über Homodromie und Antidromie, insbesondere bei Gramineen. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Sellsk. Biol. Medd. 1, No 12 (1919).
Rehm, S.: Zur Entwicklungsphysiologie der Gefäße und des trachealen Systems. Planta (Berl.) 26, 255–274 (1936).
Richards, F. J.: The geometry of phyllotaxis and its origin. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 2, 217–245 (1948).
Richards, F. J.: Phyllotaxis: its quantitative expression and relation to growth in the apex. Phil. Trans. B 235, 509–563 (1951).
Richards, F. J.: Spatial and temporal correlations involved in leaf pattern production at the apex. In: The growth of leaves (F. L. Milthorpe, ed.), pp. 66–75. London: Butterworths Scient. Publns. 1956.
Robinson, E., and R. Brown: The development of the enzyme complement in growing root cells. J. exp. Bot. 3, 356–374 (1952).
Robinson, E., and R. Brown: Enzyme changes in relation to cell growth in excised root tissues. J. exp. Bot. 5, 71–78 (1954).
Sachs, J.: Vorlesungen über Pflanzenphysiologie. Würzburg 1882. Engl. transln.: Lectures on the physiology of plants. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1887.
Sachs, R. M., C. F. Bretz and A. Lang: Shoot histogenesis: the early effects of gibberellin upon stem elongation in two rosette plants. Amer. J. Bot. 46, 376–384 (1959).
Sachs, R. M., and A. Lang: Effect of gibberellin upon cell division in Hyoscyamus. Science 125, 1144–1145 (1957).
Sachs, R. M., and A. LANG: Shoot histogenesis and the subapical meristem: the action of gibberellic acid, Amo-1618, and maleic hydraxide. In: 4th internat. Conf. on Plant Growth Regulation (Yonkers, N.Y., USA., Aug. 1959), pp. 567–578. Ames: Iowa State Univ. Press 1961.
Sachs, R. M., A. Lang, C. F. Bretz and J. Roach: Shoot histogenesis: subapical meristematic activity in a caulescent plant and the action of gibberellic acid and Arno-1618. Amer. J. Bot. 47, 260–266 (1960).
Schmidt, A.: Histologische Studien an phanerogamen Vegetationspunkten. Bot. Arch. 8, 345–404 (1924).
Schmucker, Th.: Rechts- und Links-tendenz bei Pflanzen. Beih. Bot. Zbl. 41 I, 51–81 (1925).
Schmucker, Th.: Zur Entwickelungsphysio-logie der schraubigen Blattstellung. Planta (Berl.) 19, 139–153 (1933).
Schoute, J. C.: Beiträge zur Blattstellungslehre. Rec. Trav. bot. néerl. 10, 153–339 (1913).
Schmucker, Th.: Fasciation and dichotomy. Rec. Trav. bot. néerl. 33, 649–669 (1936).
Schraudolf, H., and J. Reinert: Interaction of plant growth regulators in regeneration processes. Nature (Lond.) 184, 465–466 (1959).
Schroeder, C. A.: Spirality in Citrus. Bot. Gaz. 114, 350–352 (1953).
Schüepp, O.: Wachstum und Formwechsel des Sproßvegetationspunktes der Angiospermen. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 32, 328–338 (1914).
Schmucker, Th.: Beiträge zur Theorie des Vegetationspunktes. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 34, 847–857 (1916).
Schmucker, Th.: Meristeme. In: Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie (K. Linsbauer, ed.), sect. I, pt. 2, vol. 4 (fasc. 16). Berlin: Borntraeger 1926.
Schmucker, Th.: Untersuchungen zur beschreibenden und experimentellen Entwicklungsgeschichte von Acer pseudoplatanus. Jb. wiss. Bot. 70. 743–804 (1929).
Schmucker, Th.: Über periodische Formbildung bei Pflanzen. Biol. Rev. 13, 59–92 (1938).
Seidl, W.: Wuchsstoffuntersuchungen an Selaginella martensii Spring. Jb. wiss. Bot. 89, 832–861 (1941).
Sifton, H. V.: Developmental morphology of vascular plants. New Phytologist 43, 87–129 (1944).
Simon, S.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Entstehung von Gefäßverbindungen. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 26, 364–396 (1908 a).
Simon, S.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Differenzierungsvorgänge im Callusgewebe von Holzgewächsen. Jb. wiss. Bot. 45, 351–478 (1908b).
Simon, S.: Transplantationsversuche zwischen Solanum melongena und Iresine lindeni. Jb. wiss. Bot. 72, 137–160 (1930).
Sinnott, E. W., and R. Bloch: Visible expression of cytoplasmic pattern in the differentiation of xylem strands. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 30, 388–392 (1944).
Sinnott, E. W., and R. Bloch: The cytoplasmic basis of intercellular patterns in vascular differentiation. Amer. J. Bot. 32, 151–156 (1945).
Sironval, C.: Observations sur la structure et le fonctionnement du méristème en rapport avec le développement chez Fragaria vesca L. var. semperflorens Duch. Bull. Soc. roy. bot. Belg. 82, 9–26 (1949).
Skoog, F.: Growth and organ formation in tobacco tissue cultures. Amer. J. Bot. 31, 19–24 (1944).
Skoog, F.: Chemical control of growth and organ formation in plant tissues. Année biol. 54 (Sér. III 26), 545–562 (1950).
Skoog, F.: Substances involved in normal growth and differentiation. Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 6, 1–21 (1954a).
Skoog, F.: Chemical regulation of growth in plants. In: Dynamics of growth processes (E. F. Boell, ed.), pp. 148–182. Princeton: Univ. Press 1954b.
Skoog, F.: Growth factors, polarity and morphogenesis. Année biol. 59 (Sér. III 31), 201–213 (1955).
Skoog, F., and C. O. Miller: Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 11, 118–130 (1957).
Skoog, F., and C. Tsui: Chemical control of growth and bud formation in tobacco stem segments and callus cultured in vitro. Amer. J. Bot. 35, 782–787 (1948).
Skoog, F., and C. Tsui: Growth substances and the formation of buds in plant tissues. In: Plant growth substances (F. Skoog, ed.), pp. 263–287. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press 1951.
Snow, M.: Experiments on spirodistichous shcot apices. I. Phil. Trans. roy. Soc. B 235, 131–162 (1951).
Snow, M.: Spirodistichy re-interpreted. Phil. Trans. roy. Soc. B 239, 45–88 (1955).
Snow, M., and R. Snow: Experiments on phyllotaxis I. The effect of isolating a primordium. Phil. Trans. roy. Soc. B 221, 1–43 (1931).
Snow, M., and R. Snow: Experiments on phyllotaxis. II. The effect of displacing a primordium. Phil. Trans. roy. Soc. B 222, 353–400 (1933).
Snow, M., and R. Snow: Experiments on phyllotaxis. III. Diagonal splits through decussate apices. Phil. Trans. roy. Soc. B 225, 63–94 (1935).
Snow, M., and R. Snow: Auxin and leaf formation. New Phytologist 36, 1–18 (1937).
Snow, M., and R. Snow: The determination of axillary buds. New Phytologist 41, 13–22 (1942).
Snow, M., and R. Snow: On the determination of leaves. New Phytologist 36, 5–19 (1947).
Snow, M., and R. Snow: On the determination of leaves. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 2, 263–275 (1948).8
Snow, M., and R. Snow: On the question of tissue tensions in stem apices. New Phytologist 50, 184–185 (1951).
Snow, M., and R. Snow: Minimum areas and leaf determination. Proc roy. Soc. B 139, 545–566 (1952).
Snow, M., and R. Snow: Regeneration of the potato shoot apex. Nature (Lond.) 171, 224 (1953).
Snow, M., and R. Snow: Regulation of sizes of leaf primordia by growing-point of stem apex. Proc. roy. Soc. B 144, 222–229 (1955).
Snow, M., and R. Snow: Regulation of sizes of leaf primordia by older leaves. Proc. roy. Soc. B 151, 39–47 (1959).
Snow, R.: The correlative inhibition of the growth of axillary buds. Ann. Bot. 39, 841–859 (1925).
Snow, R.: Upward effects of auxin in coleoptiles and stems. New Phytologist 35, 292–304 (1936).
Snow, R.: Further experiments on whorled phyllotaxis. New Phytologist 51, 108–124 (1942).
Snow, R.: A new theory of leaf formation. Nature (Lond.) 162, 798 (1948).
Snow, R.: A new theory of phyllotaxis. Nature (Lond.) 163, 332 (1949).
Snow, R.: Experiments on bijugate apices. Phil. Trans. roy. Soc. B 235, 291–310 (1951).
Snow, R.: On the shoot apex and phyllotaxis of Costus. New Phytologist 51, 359–363 (1952).
Snow, R.: Phyllotaxis of flowering teasels. New Phytologist 53, 99–107 (1954).
Snow, R.: Problems of phyllotaxis and leaf determination. Endeavour 14, 190–199 (1955).
Snow, R.: Phyllotaxis of Kniphofia and Lilium candidum. New Phytologist 57, 160–167 (1958).
Steeves, T. A., H. P. Gabriel and M. W. Steeves: Growth in sterile culture of excised leaves of flowering plants. Science 126, 350–351 (1957).
Steeves, T. A., and I. M. Sussex: Studies in the development of excised leaves in sterile culture. Amer. J. Bot. 44, 665–673 (1957).
Sterling, C.: Growth and vascular development in the shoot apex of Sequoia sempervirens. Amer. J. Bot. 32, 380–386 (1945).
Steward, F. C., M. O. Mapes and J. Smith: L Growth and division of freely suspended cells. Amer. J. Bot. 45, 693–703 (1958).
Steward, F. C., R. H. Wetmore and J. K. Pollard: Nitrogenous components of the shoot apex of Adiantum pedatum. Amer. J. Bot. 42, 936–938 (1955).
Steward, F. C., R. H. Wetmore, J. F. Thompson and J. P. Nitsch: The nitrogen components of certain shoot apical growing regions. Amer. J. Bot. 41, 123–134 (1954).
Stichel, E.: Gleichzeitige Induktion von Sprossen und Wurzeln an in vitro kultivierten Gewebestücken von Cyclamen persicum. Planta (Berl.) 53, 293–317 (1959).
Stoughton, R. H., and W. Plant: Regeneration of root cuttings as influenced by plant hormones. Nature (Lond.) 142, 293–294 (1938).
Stowe, B. B., and T. Yamaki: The history and physiological action of the gibberellins. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 8, 181–216 (1957).
Stowe, B. B., and T. Yamaki: Gibberellins: stimulants of plant growth. Science 129, 807–816 (1959).
Strong, F. M.: Topics in microbial chemistry. New York: Wiley; London: Chapman & Hall (1958).
Struckmeyer, B. E., A. C. Hildebrandt and A. J. Riser: Histological effects of growth regulating substances on sunflower tissue of crown-gall origin growing in vitro. Amer. J. Bot. 36, 491–495 (1949).
Sunderland, N., and R. Brown: Distribution of growth in the apical region of the shoot of Lupinus albus. J. exp. Bot. 7, 127–145 (1956).
Sunderland, N., J. K. Heyes and R. Brown: Growth and metabolism in the shoot apex of Lupinus albus. In: The growth of leaves (F. L. Milthorpe, ed.), pp. 77–90. London: Butterworth Sci. Public. 1956.
Sunderland, N., J. K. Heyes and R. Brown: Protein and respiration in the apical region of the shoot of Lupinus albus. J. exp. Bot. 8, 55–70 (1957).
Sussex, I. M.: Experiments on the cause of dorsiventrality in leaves. Nature (Lond.) 167, 651–654 (1951).
Snow, M., and R. Snow: Regeneration of the potato shoot apex. Nature (Lond.) 171, 224 (1953).
Sunderland, N., J. K. Heyes and R. Brown: Morphogenesis in Solanum tuberosum L.: Apical structure and developmental pattern of the juvenile shoot. Phytomorphology 5, 253–273 (1955 a).
Sunderland, N., J. K. Heyes and R. Brown: Morphogenesis in Solanum tuberosum L.: Experimental investigation of leaf dorsiventrality and orientation in the juvenile shoot. Phytomorphology 5, 286–300 (1955b).
Sussex, L M., and T. A. Steeves: Growth af excised fern leaves in sterile conditions. Nature (Lond.) 172, 624–627 (1953).
Thtmann, K. V.: On the nature of inhibitions caused by auxin. Amer. J. Bot. 24, 407–412 (1937).
Thtmann, K. V.: Auxins and the inhibition of plant growth. Biol. Rev. 14, 314–334 (1939).
Thimann, K. V., and F. Skoog: Studies on the growth hormone of plants. III. The inhibiting action of the growth substance on bud development. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 19, 714–716 (1933).
Thimann, K. V., and F. Skoog: On the inhibition of bud development and other functions of growth substance in Vicia faba. Proc. roy. Soc. B 114, 317–339 (1934).
Thoday, D.: Some physiological aspects of differentiation. New Phytologist 32, 274–287 (1933).
Thoday, D.: The interpretation of plant structure. Presid. Addr. (Sect. K), Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. 1939, 1–21.
Thomas, M.: Plant physiology, 4th edn., with S. L. Ranson and J. A. Richardson. London: Churchill 1956.
Thompson, W. D’Arcy: On growth and form, 1st and 2nd edns. Cambridge: Univ. Press 1917, 1942.
Torrey, J. G.: Endogenous bud and root formation by isolated roots of Convolvulus grown in vitro. Plant Physiol. 33, 258–263 (1958).
Troll, W.: Vergleichende Morphologie der höheren Pflanzen, vol. 1, pt. 1. Berlin: Borntraeger 1937.
Tucker, S. C.: Ontogeny of the inflorescence and the flower in Drimys winteri var. chilensis. Univ. of Calif. Publ. Bot. 30, 257–336 (1959).
Turing, A.M.: The chemical basis of morphogenesis. Phil. Trans. roy. Soc. B 237, 37–72 (1952).
Van Fleet, D. S.: The significance of oxidation in the endodermis. Amer. J. Bot. 29, 747–755 (1942).
Van Fleet, D. S.: The enzymatic and vitagen properties of unsaturated fats as they influence the differentiation of certain plant tissues. Amer. J. Bot. 30, 678–685 (1943).
Van Fleet, D. S.: The distribution of peroxidase in differentiating tissues of vascular plants. Biodynamica 6, 125–140 (1947).
Van Fleet, D. S.: Cell and tissue differentiation in relation to growth (plants). In: Dynamics of growth processes (E. J. Boell, ed.), pp. 111–129. Princeton: Univ. Press 1954.
Van Fleet, D. S.: Analysis of the histochemical localization of peroxidase related to the differentiation of plant tissues. Canad. J. Bot. 37, 449–458 (1959).
Van Iterson see under I.
Van Overbeek, J.: Growth regulating substances in plants. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 13, 631–666 (1944).
Vöchting, H.: Über Theilbarkeit im Pflanzenreich und die Wirkung innerer und äußerer Kräfte auf Organbildung an Pflanzentheilen. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 15, 153–190 (1877).
Voeller, B.R., and E. G. Cutter: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XXXVIII. Some observations on spiral and bijugate phyllotaxis in Dryopteris aristata Druce., Ann. Bot. N. S. 23, 391–396 (1959).
Vries, H. de: Die Mutationstheorie, Vol. 2. 1903. Engl. translat.: The mutation theory, Vol.2. Chicago: Open Court Publ. Comp. 1910.
Wardlaw, C. W.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. I. Preliminary observations on the development of buds on the rhizome of the ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris Tod.). Ann. Bot., N. S, 7, 171–184 (1943a).
Wardlaw, C. W.: II. Experimental observations on the development of buds in Onoclea sensibilis and in species of Dryopteris. Ann. Bot., N. S. 7, 357–377 (1943b).
Wardlaw, C. W.: III. Stelar morphology: the initial differentiation of vascular tissue. Ann. Bot., N. S. 8, 173–188 (1944a).
Wardlaw, C. W.: IV. Stelar morphology: experimental observations on the relation between leaf development and stelar morphology in species of Dryopteris and Onoclea. Ann. Bot., N. S. 8, 387–399 (1944b).
Wardlaw, C. W.: V. Stelar morphology: the development of the vascular system. Ann. Bot., N. S. 9, 217–233 (1945).
Wardlaw, C. W.: VIII. Further observations on bud development in Matteuccia struthiopteris, Onoclea sensibilis, and species of Dryopteris. Ann. Bot., N. S. 10, 117–132 (1946).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Experimental investigations of the shoot apex of Dryopteris aristata. Phil. Trans. roy. Soc. B 232, 343–384 (1947).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XI. Preliminary observations on tensile stress as a factor in fern phyllotaxis. Ann. Bot., N. S. 12, 97–109 (1948).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Further experimental investigations of the shoot apex of Dryopteris aristata Druce. Phil. Trans. roy. Soc. B 233, 415–451 (1949a).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XIV. Leaf formation and phyllotaxis in Dryopteris aristata Druce. Ann. Bot., N. S. 13, 163–198 (1949b).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Experiments on organogenesis in ferns. Growth 13, Suppl., 93–131 (1949c).
Wardlaw, C. W.: The comparative investigation of apices of vascular plants by experimental methods. Phil. Trans. roy. Soc. B 234, 583–604 (1950a).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XVI. The induction of leaves and buds in Dryopteris aristata Druce. Ann. Bot., N. S. 14, 435–455 (1950b).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Phylogeny and morphogenesis. London: Macmillan 1952.
Wardlaw, C. W.: Comparative observations on the shoot apices of vascular plants. New Phytologist 52, 195–208 (1953a).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Action of tri-iodobenzoic and trichlorobenzoic acids in morphogenesis. Xew Phytologist 52, 210–217 (1953 b).
Wardlaw, C. W.: A commentary on Turing’s diffusion reaction theory of morphogenesis. New Phytologist 52, 40–47 (1953 c).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XXVI. Ophioglossum vulgatum: comparative morphogenesis in embryos and induced buds. Ann. Bot., N. S. 18, 397–406 (1954).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Evidence relating to the diffusion-reaction theory of morphogenesis. New Phytologist 54, 39–48 (1955a).
Wardlaw, C. W.: The chemical concept of organization in plants. Xew Phytologist 54, 302–310 (1955b).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XXVIII. Leaf symmetry and orientation in ferns. Ann. Bot., N. S. 19, 389–399 (1955c).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Responses of a fern apex to direct chemical treatments. Nature (Lond.) 176, 1098–1100 (1955d).
Wardlaw, C. W.: A note on the effect of isolating the fern shoot apex by shallow incisions. Phytomorphology 6, 55–63 (1956 a).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XXXII. Further investigations on the effect of undercutting fern leaf primordia. Ann. Bot., N. S. 20, 121–132 (1956b).
Wardlaw, C. W.: XXXIV. On the shoot apex of the Bird’s Nest fern, Asplenium nidus L., Ann. Bot. N. S. 20, 363–373 (1956c).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Generalizations on the apical meristem. Nature (Lond.) 178, 1427–1429 (1956d).
Wardlaw, C. W.: The inception of leaf primordia. In: The growth of leaves (F. L. Milthorpe, ed.), pp. 53–64. London: Butterworth Scient Publns. 1956(e).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XXXV. Effects of direct applications of various substances to the shoot apex of Dryopteris austriaca (D. aristata). Ann. Bot., N. S. 21, 85–120 (1957a).
Wardlaw, C. W.: XXXVII. A note on the inception of microphylls and macrophylls. Ann. Bot. 21, 427–437 (1957b).
Wardlaw, C. W.: On the organization and reactivity of the shoot apex in vascular plants. Amer. J. Bot. 44, 176–185 (1957 c).
Wardlaw, C. W.: The reactivity of the apical meristem as ascertained by cytological and other techniques. New Phytologist 56, 221–229 (1957d).
Wardlaw, C. W.: The floral meristem as a reaction system. Proc. roy. Soc. Edinb. 66, 394–408 (1957e).
Wardlaw, C. W.: The inception of shoot organization. Phytomorph. 10, 107–110 (1960).
Wardlaw, C. W.: Apical organization and differential growth in ferns. In: Symp. on “Growth and development in archegoniate plants”. Proc. Linn. Soc. (1962, in press).
Wardlaw, C. W., and E. G. Cutter: Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. XXX. Further investigations of the formation of buds and leaves in Dryopteris aristata Druce., Ann. Bot. N. S. 19, 515–526 (1955).
Wardlaw, C. W., and E. G. Cutter: XXXI. The effect of shallow incisions on organogenesis in Dryopteris aristata Druce., Ann. Bot. N. S. 20, 39–56 (1956).
Wardlaw, C. W., and G. C. Mitra: Responses of a fern apex to gibberellic acid, kinetin and α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Nature (Lond.) 181, 400–401 (1957).
Wardlaw, C. W., and G. C. Mitra: The response of the shoot apex of Dryopteris aristata (Vill.) Druce and of “detached” meristems of Onoclea sensibilis L. and Matteucia struthiopteris Tod. to physiologically-active substances. Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 12, 63–84 (1958).
Wareing, P. F.: Interaction between indole-acetic acid and gibberellic acid in cambial activity. Xature (Lond.) 181, 1744–1745 (1958).
Wareing, P. F., and D. L. Roberts: Photoperiodic control of cambial activity in Robinia pseudoacacia L. New Phytologist 55, 289–388 (1956).
Warmke, H. E., and G. L. Warmke: The role of auxin in differentiation of root and shoot primordia from root cuttings of Taraxacum and Cichorium. Amer. J. Bot. 37, 272–280 (1950).
Weisse, A.: Untersuchungen über die Blattstellung an Cacteen und anderen Stamm-Succulenten, Jb. wiss. Bot. 34, 343–423 (1904).
Went, F.W.: Allgemeine Betrachtungen über das Auxinproblem. Biol. Zbl. 56, 449–463 (1936).
Went, F.W.: Specific factors other than auxin affecting growth and root formation. Plant Physiol. 13, 55–80 (1938a).
Went, F.W.: Transplantation experiments with peas. Amer. J. Bot. 25, 44–55 (1938b).
Went, F.W.: III. Bot. Gaz. 104, 460–474 (1943).
Went, F.W.: The development of stems and leaves. In: Plant growth substances (F. Skoog, ed.), pp. 287–297. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press 1951.
Went, F.W., and D.M. Bonner: Growth factors controlling tomato stem growth in darkness. Arch. Biochem. 1, 439–452 (1943).
Went, F. W., and K. V. Thimann: Phytohormones. New York: Macmillan 1937.
Wershing, H. F., and I. W. Bailey: Seedlings as experimental material in the study of “redwood” in conifers. J. Forestry 40, 411–414 (1942).
Wetmore, R. H.: Leaf-stem relationships in the vascular plants. Torreya 43, 16–28 (1943).
Wetmore, R. H.: Tissue and organ culture as a tool for studies in development. Proc. 7th internat. Bot. Congr. (Stockholm 1950), pp. 369–370 (1953).
Wetmore, R. H.: The use of “in vitro” cultures in the investigation of growth and differentiation in vascular plants. Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 6, 22–40 (1954).
Wetmore, R. H.: Differentiation of xylem in plants. Science 121, 626–627 (1955).
Wetmore, R. H.: Growth and development in the shoot system of plants. In: Cellular mechanisms in differentiation and growth, pp. 173–190. Princeton: Univ. Press 1956.
Wetmore, R. H.: Morphogenesis in plants a new approach. American Scientist 47, 326–340 (1959).
Wetmore, R. H., and G. Morel: Growth and development of Adiantum pedatum L. on nutrient agar. Amer. J. Bot. 36, 805–806 (1949).
Wetmore, R. H., and G. Morel: Sur la culture du gametophyte de Selaginella. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 233, 430–431 (1951).
Wetmore, R. H., and C. Pratt: The growth and auxin relations of leaves of maidenhair fern, Adiantum pedatum L. (Abstr.) Amer. J. Bot. 36, 806 (1949).
Wetmore, R. H., and S. Sorokin: On the differentiation of xylem. J. Arnold Arboret. 36, 305–317 (1955).
Wetmore, R. H., and C. W. Wardlaw: Experimental morphogenesis in vascular plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 2, 269–292 (1951).
Wetter, R., u. C. Wetter: Studien über das Erstarkungswachstum und das primäre Dickenwachstum bei leptosporangiaten Farnen. Flora (Jena) 141, 598–631 (1954).
White, P. R.: Controlled differentiation in a plant tissue culture. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 66, 507–513 (1939).
Williams, S.: Correlation phenomena and hormones in Selaginella. Nature (Lond.) 139, 966 (1937).
Wirth, K.: Beeinflussung von Stoffleitung und Organneubildung an Blattstücken. Naturwissenschaften 46, 236 (1959).
Wirwille, J. W., and J. W. Mitchell: Six new plant growth inhibiting compounds. Bot. Gaz. 111, 491–494 (1950).
Witkus, E. R., and C. A. Berger: Induced vascular differentiation. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 77, 301–305 (1950).
Young, B. S.: The effects of leaf primordia on differentiation in the stem. New Phytologist 53, 445–460 (1954).
Zimmerman, P. W., and A. E. Hitchcock: Adventitious shoots and roots induced by natural influences and synthetic growth substances. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst. 11, 127–141 (1940).
Zimmermann, W.A.: Histologische Studien am Vegetationspunkt von Hypericum uralum. Jb. wiss. Bot. 68, 289–344 (1928).
Zimmermann, W.A.: Untersuchungen über die räumliche und zeitliche Verteilung des Wuchsstoffes bei Bäumen. Z. Bot. 30, 209–252 (1936).
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1965 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wardlaw, C.W. (1965). The organization of the shoot apex. In: Lang, A. (eds) Differenzierung und Entwicklung / Differentiation and Development. Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50088-6_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50088-6_29
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-50090-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-50088-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive