Skip to main content

The History of the Metabolic Response to Injury

  • Chapter
Acute Catabolic State

Part of the book series: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((UICM,volume 21))

Abstract

It was 200 years ago that Hunter [1] made the observation that: “… there is a circumstance attending accidental injury which does not belong to disease — viz. that the injury done has in all cases a tendency to produce both the disposition and the means of cure.”

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hunter J (1794) A treatise on the blood, inflammation and gunshot wounds. George Nicol, London, p 190

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cuthbertson DP (1932) Observations on the disturbance of metabolism produced by injury to the limbs. Q J Med 25:233–246

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cuthbertson DP (1942) Post-shock metabolic response. Lancet 1:433–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Moore FD (1953) Bodily changes in surgical convalescence. Ann Surg 137:289–315

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Black PR, Brooks DC, Bessey PQ, Wolfe RR, Wilmore DW (1982) Mechanisms of insulin resistance following injury. Ann Surg 196:420–435

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Douglas RG, Shaw JHF (1989) Metabolic response to sepsis and trauma. Br J Surg 76:115–122

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Jacobs DO, Robinson MK (1993) Applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to nutrition and metabolism. In: Wilmore DW, Carpentier YA (eds) Metabolic support of the critically ill patient. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 19–45

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Hill GL, Monk D, Plank LD (1993) Measuring body compositional changes and biochemical functions. In: Wilmore DW, Carpentier YA (eds) Metabolic support of the critically ill patient. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 3–18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Campbell RM, Sharp G, Boyne AW, Cuthbertson DP (1954) Cortisone and the metabolic response to injury. Br J Exp Pathol 35:566–576

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ingle DJ, Ward EO, Kuizenga MH (1947) The relationship of the adrenal glands to changes in urinary non-protein nitrogen following multiple fractures in the force-red rat. Am J Physiol 149:510–515

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Egdahl RH (1959) Pituitary-adrenal response following trauma to the isolated leg. Surgery 46:9–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Drucker WH, Craig JW, Hubray CA, Davis JH, Woodward H (1961) The metabolic effects of trauma to denervated tissue in man. J Trauma 1:306–321

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wilmore DW, Taylor JW, Hander EW, Mason AD, Pruitt BA (1976) Central nervous system function following thermal injury. In: Wilkinson AW, Cuthbertson D (eds) Metabolism and the response to injury. Pitman, London, pp 274–286

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wilmore DW, Long JM, Mason AD, Pruitt BA (1976) Stress in surgical patients as a neuro-physiologic reflex response. Surg Gynecol Obstet 142:257–269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cuthbertson DP (1964) Physical injury and its effects on protein metabolism. In: Munro HN, Allison JB (eds) Mammalian protein metabolism, vol 3. Academic, New York, pp 373–414

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bessey PQ, Watters JM, Aoki TT, Wilmore DW (1984) Combined hormonal infusion stimulates the metabolic response to injury. Ann Surg. 200:264–281

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bessey PQ, Lowe KA (1993) Early hormonal changes affect the catabolic response to trauma. Ann Surg 218:476–489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Coley WB (1893) The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas: with a report often original cases. Am J Med Sci 150:487–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Oliff A, Defeo-Jones D, Boyer M et al. (1987) Tumors secreting human TNF/cachectin induce cachexia in mice. Cell 50:555–563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Michie HR, Sherman ML, Spriggs DR, Rounds J, Christie M, Wilmore DW (1989) Chronic TNF infusion causes anorexia but not accelerated nitrogen loss. Ann Surg 209:19–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Starnes HF, Warren RS, Jeevanandam M et al. (1988) Tumor necrosis factor and the acute metabolic response to injury in man. J Clin Invest 82:1321–1325

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tracey KJ, Wei H, Manogue KR et al. (1988) Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor induces cachexia, anemia, and inflammation. J Exp Med 167:1211–1227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kawakami M, Cerami A (1981) Studies of endotoxin-induced decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity. J Exp Med 154:631–639

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Warren RS, Starnes HF, Alcock N, Calvano S, Brennan MF (1988) Hormonal and metabolic response to recombinant tumor necrosis factor in rat: in vitro and in vivo. Am J Physiol 255:E206–E212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Zamir O, Hasseigren PO, Kunkel SL, Frederick J, Higashiguchi T, Fischer JE (1992) Evidence that tumor necrosis factor participates in the regulation of muscle proteolysis during sepsis. Arch Surg 127:170–174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Beutler B, Mahoney J, Trang NL, Pekala P, Cerami A (1985) Purification of cachectin, a lipoprotein lipase suppressing hormone secreted by endotoxin-induced RAW 264. 7 cells. J Exp Med 161:984–995

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Tracey KJ, Beutler B, Lowry SJ et al. (1986) Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin. Science 234:470–474

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Tracey KJ, Lowry SF, Fahey TJ et al. (1987) Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor induces lethal shock and stress hormone responses in the dog. Surg Gynecol Obstet 164:415–422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Dinarello CA, Wolff S (1993) The role of interleukin-1 in disease. N Engl J Med 328:106–113

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Baracos V, Rodemann HP, Dinarello CA, Goldberg AL (1983) Stimulation of muscle protein degradation and prostaglandin E2 release by leukocytic pyrogen (interleukin-1). N Engl J Med 308:553–558

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Zamir O, Hasselgren PO, von Allmen D, Fischer JE (1991) The effect of interleukin-1 a and the glucocorticoid receptor blocker RU 38486 on total and myofibrillar protein breakdown in skeletal muscle. J Surg Res 50:579–583

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Tredget EE, Zu YM, Zhong S et al. (1988) Role of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor on energy metabolism in rabbits. Am J Physiol 255:E760–E768

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Banks WA, Kastin AJ, Durham DJ (1989) Bidirectional transport of interleukin-1 across the blood-brain barrier. Br Res Bll 23:433–437

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. McClain CJ, Cohen D, Ott L, Dinarello CA, Young B (1987) Ventricular fluid interleukin-1 activity in patients with head injury. J Lab Clin Med 110:48–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. McClain C, Cohen D, Phillips R, Ott L, Young B (1991) Increased plasma and ventricular fluid interleukin-6 levels in patients with head injury. J Lab Clin Med 118:225–231

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kinouchi K, Brown G, Pasternak G, Donner DB (1991) Identification and characterization of receptors for tumor necrosis factor-α in the brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 181:1532–1538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Lieberman AP, Pitha PM, Shin HS, Shin ML (1989) Production of tumor necrosis factor and other cytokines by astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or a neurotropic virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:6348–6352

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Mustafa MM, Lebel MH, Ramilo O et al. (1989) Correlation of interleukin-Iβ and cachectin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and outcome from bacterial meningitis. J Pediatr 115:208–213

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mustafa M, Ramilo O, Olsen KD et al. (1989) Tumor necrosis factor in mediating experimental Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis. J Clin Invest 84:1253–1259

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Mustafa MM, Ramilo O, Saez-Llorens X, Mertsola J, McCracken GH (1989) Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (cachectin) in experimental and clinical bacterial meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 8:907–908

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Leist TP, Frei K, Kam-Hansen S, Zinkernagel RM, Fontana A (1988) Tumor necrosis factor α in cerebrospinal fluid during bacterial, but not viral, meningitis. J Exp Med 167:1743–1748

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Hill AG, Gonzalez J, Rounds J, Wilmore DW (1994) Chronic central nervous system exposure to interleukin-1, but not interleukin-6, mediates catabolism in the rat. Surg Forum 45:38–41, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  43. Breder CD, Dinarello CA, Saper CB (1988) Interleukin-1 immunoreactive innervation of the human hypothalamus. Science 240:321–324

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Mester M, Carter EA, Tompkins RG et al. (1994) Thermal injury induces very early production of interleukin-1 α in the rat by mechanisms other than endotoxemia. Surgery 115:588–596

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Lowry S (1990) The route of feeding influences injury responses. J Trauma 30:S10–S15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Svoboda P, Kantorova I, Ochmann J (1994) Dynamics of interleukin 1, 2, and 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in multiple trauma patients. J Trauma 36:336–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Ayala A, Perrin MM, Wang P, Chaudry IH (1992) Sepsis induces an early increased spontaneous release of hepatocellular stimulatory factor (interleukin-6) by Kupffer cells in both endotoxin tolerant and intolerant mice. J Surg Res 52:635–641

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Watters JM, Bessey PQ, Dinarello CA, Wolff SM, Wilmore DW (1986) Both inflammatory and endocrine mediators stimulate host responses to sepsis. Arch Surg 121:179–190

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Clowes GHA, George BC, Villee CA, Saravis CA (1983) Muscle proteolysis induced by a circulating peptide in patients with sepsis or trauma. N Engl J Med 308:546–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Warner BW, Hasselgren PO, James JH, Hummel RP, Riegel DF, Fischer JE (1990) Reduced amino acid transport in skeletal muscle caused by a circulating factor during endotoxemia. Ann Surg 211:918–923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Goldberg AL, Kettelhut IC, Furuno K, Fagan JM, Baracos V (1988) Activation of protein breakdown and prostaglandin E2 production in rat skeletal muscle in fever is signaled by a macrophage product distinct from interleukin 1 or other known monokines. J Clin Invest 81:1378–1383

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Cuthbertson DP, Shaw GB, Young FG (1941) The anterior pituitary gland and protein metabolism. II. The influence of anterior pituitary extract on the metabolic response of the rat to injury. J Endocrinol 2:468–474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Cuthbertson DP, McGirr JL, Robertson JSM (1939) The effect of fracture of bone on the metabolism of the rat. Q J Physiol 29:13–25

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Wilmore DW, Moylan JA, Bristow BF, Mason AD, Pruitt BA (1974) Anabolic effects of human growth hormone and high caloric feedings following thermal injury. Surg Gynecol Obstet 138:875–884

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kinney JM, Elwyn DH (1985) Protein metabolism in the traumatized patient. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 522:45–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Streat SJ, Beddoe AH, Hill GL (1987) Aggressive nutritional support does not prevent protein loss despite fat gain in septic intensive care patients. J Trauma 27:262–266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Hammarqvist F, Wernerman J, Ali R, von der Decken A, Vinnars E (1989) Addition of glutamine to total parenteral nutrition after elective abdominal surgery spares free glutamine in muscle, counteracts the fall in muscle protein synthesis, and improves nitrogen balance. Ann Surg 209:455–461

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Brandt MR, Fernandes A, Mordhorst R, Kehlet H (1978) Epidural analgesia improves postoperative nitrogen balance. Br Med J 1:1106–1108

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hill AG, Finn P, Schroeder D (1993) Postoperative fatigue after laparoscopic surgery. Aust N Z J Surg 63:946–951

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Mealy K, Gallagher H, Barry M, Lennon F, Traynor O, Hyland J (1992) Physiological and metabolic responses to open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 79:1061–1064

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hill, A.G., Wilmore, D.W. (1996). The History of the Metabolic Response to Injury. In: Revhaug, A. (eds) Acute Catabolic State. Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 21. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48801-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48801-6_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-48803-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-48801-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics