Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Acute Catabolic State pp 157–169Cite as

Acute Metabolic Response to Skin Injury Following Burn and the Potential Use of Growth Hormone

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((UICM,volume 21))

Abstract

The acute response to skin injury following burn is characterized by hypermetabolism, increased cardiac output, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, and proteolysis. This review will describe the early responses to thermal trauma and potential methods for modulating deleterious consequences of these responses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. McGrath MH (1990) Peptide growth factors and wound healing. Clin Plast Surg 17:421–432

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Barbul A (1990) Immune aspects of wound repair. Clin Plast Surg 17:433–442

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Martin PM, Wooley JH, McCluskey J (1992) Growth factors and cutaneous wound repair. Prog Growth Factor Res 4:25–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Herndon DN, Nguyen TT, Gilpin DA (1993) Growth factors: local and systemic. Arch Surg 128(11):1227–1233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Dolecek R (1990) The endocrine and metabolic response to burn injuries: mechanisms and clinical applications. In: Dolecek R, Brizio-Molteni L, Molten A, Traber D (eds) Endocrinology of therma injury. Pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical interpretation. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 28–45

    Google Scholar 

  6. Sabiston DC (ed) (1991) Textbook of surgery. The molecular basis of modern surgical practice, 13th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 23–37 and pp 116–150

    Google Scholar 

  7. Wilmore DW, Aulick LH (1978) Metabolic changes in burned patients. Surg Clin North Am 58:1173–1187

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wilmore DW (1976) Hormone responses and their effect on metabolism. Surg Clin North Am 56:999–1018

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sevaljevic L, Glibetic M, Poznanovic G, Savic J, Petrovic M (1991) Effect of lethal scald on the mechanisms of acute-phase synthesis in rat liver. Circ Shock 33:98–107

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Cuthbertson DP (1979) The metabolic response to injury and its nutritional implications: retrospective and prospective. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 3:108–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cuthbertson DP (1932) Observations on the disturbance of metabolism produced by injury to the limbs. Q J Med 3:233–246

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kushner I (1993) Regulation of the acute phase response by cytokines. Perspect Biol Med 36(4):611–622

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wilmore DC, Long JM, Mason AD, Skreen RW, Pruitt BA (1974) Catecholamines: mediators of the hypermetabolic response to thermal injury. Ann Surg 18(4):653–669

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Fleming RYD, Rutan RL, Jahoor F, Barrow RE, Wolfe RR, Herndon DN (1992) Effect of recombinant human growth hormone on catabolic hormones and free fatty acids following thermal injury. J Trauma 32:698–703

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Newsome TW, Mason AD, Pruitt BA (1973) Weight loss following thermal injury. Ann Surg 178:215–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kinney JM, Long CL, Gump FE, Duke JH (1968) Tissue composition of weight loss in surgical patients. I. Elective operations. Ann Surg 168:459–473

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Joshi VV (1970) Effects of burns on the heart. JAMA 211:2130–2134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sevaljevic L, Ivanovic-Matic S, Petrovic M, Glibetic M (1989) Regulation of plasma acute-phase protein and albumin levels in the liver of scalded rats. Biochem J 258:663–668

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sevaljevic L, Glibetic M, Poznanovic G, Petrovic M, Matic S, Pantelic D (1988) Thermal injury-induced expression of acute-phase proteins in rat liver. Burns 14(4):280–286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Sevaljevic L, Petrovic M, Bogojevic D, Savic J, Pantelic D (1989) Acute-phase response to scalding: changes in serum properties and acute-phase protein concentrations. Circ Shock 28:293–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Dickson PW, Bannister D, Schreiber G (1987) Minor burns lead to major changes in synthesis rates of plasma proteins in the liver. J Trauma 27(3):283–286

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Xia ZF, Coolbaugh MI, He F, Herndon DN (1992) The effect of burn injury on the acute phase response. J Trauma 32(2):245–251

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lieberman ZH, Lansche JM (1956) Effects of thermal injury on metabolic rate and insensible water loss in the rat. Surg Forum 7:83–88

    Google Scholar 

  24. Morgan HC, Andrews RP, Jurkiewicz MJ (1956) The effect of thermal injury on insensible water loss in the rat. Surg Forum 6:78–84

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Caldwell FT, Osterholm JL, Sower ND, Moyer CA (1959) Metabolic response to thermal trauma of normal and thyroprivic rats at three environmental temperatures. Ann Surg 150:976–988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Zawacki BE, Spitzer KW, Mason AD, Johns LA (1969) Does increased evaporative water loss cause hypermetabolism in burned patients? Ann Surg 171:236–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Neely WA, Petro AG, Holloman GH, Rushton FW, Turner MD, Hardy JD (1973) Researches on the cause of burn hypermetabolism. Ann Surg 179:291–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kowal-Vern A, Walenga JM, Hoppensteadt D, Sharp-Pucci M, Gamelli RL (1994) Interleu-kin-2 and interleukin-6 in relation to burn size in the acute phase response of thermal injury. J Am Coll Surg 178:357–362

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rutan TC, Herndon DN, Osten TV, Abston S (1986) Metabolic rate alterations in early excision and grafting versus conservative treatment. J Trauma 26(2): 140–142

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bessey PQ, Watters JM, Aoki TT, Wilmore DW (1984) Combined hormonal infusion stimulates the metabolic response to injury. Ann Surg 200:264–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Herndon DN, Barrow RE, Rutan TC, Minifeee P, Jahoor F, Wolfe RR (1988) Effect of propranolol administration on hemodynamic and metabolic responses of burned pediatric patients. Ann Surg 208:484–492

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gore DC, Honeycutt D, Jahoor F, Barrow RE, Wolfe RR, Herndon DN (1991) Propranolol diminished extremity blood flow in burned patients. Ann Surg 213:568–574

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Estler CJ, Ammon HPT (1969) The importance of the adrenergic beta-receptors for thermo-genesis and survival of acutely cold-exposed mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 47:427–433

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Honeycutt D, Barrow RE, Herndon DN (1992) Cold stress response in patients with severe burns after beta-blockade. J Burn Care Rehabil 13:181–186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Maggi SP, Biolo G, Muller MJ, Barrow RE, Wolfe RR, Herndon DN (1993) Beta-1 blockade decreases cardiac work without affecting protein breakdown or lipolysis in severely burned patients. Surg Forum 75:1081

    Google Scholar 

  36. Choo JJ, Horan MA, Little RA, Rothwell NJ (1992) Anabolic effects of clenbuterol on skeletal muscle are mediated by beta 2 adrenergic activation. Am J Physiol 263:50–56

    Google Scholar 

  37. Demling RH, Lalonde C (1987) Topical ibuprofen decreases early postburn edema. Surgery 5:857–861

    Google Scholar 

  38. Haung YS, Li A, Yang ZC (1990) Roles of thromboxane and its inhibitor anisodamine in burn shock. Burns 4:249–253

    Google Scholar 

  39. Herndon DN, Abston S, Stein MD (1984) Increased thromboxane B2 levels in the plasma of burned and septic patients. Surg Gynecol Obstet 159:210–213

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Arturson G, Hamberg M, Jonsson CE (1973) Prostaglandins in human burn blister fluid. Acta Physiol Scand 87:270–276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Lalonde C, Know J, Daryani R, Zhu D, Demling RH, Neumann M (1991) Topical flurbiprofen decreases burn wound induced hypermetabolism and systemic lipid peroxidation. Surgery 109:645–651

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Heggers JP, Loy GL, Robson MC, Del Beccaro EJ (1980) Histological demonstration of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in burned tissue. J Surg Res 28:110–115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Heggers JP, Robson MC, Zachary LS (1985) Thromboxane inhibitors for the prevention of progressive dermal ischemia due to thermal injury. J Burn Care Rehabil 6:466–468

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Soroff HS, Pearson E, Green NL, Artz CP (1960) The effect of growth hormone on nitrogen balance at various levels of intake in burned patients. Surg Gynecol Obstet 111:259–273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Liljedahl SO, Gemzell CA, Plantin LO, Birke G (1961) Effect of human growth hormone in patients with severe burns. Acta Chir Scand 122:1–14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Wilmore DW, Moylan JA, Bristow BF, Mason AD, Pruitt BA (1974) Anabolic effects of human growth hormone and high caloric feeding following thermal injury. Surg Gynecol Obstet 138:875–884

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Goeddel DV, Heyneker HL, Hozumi T, Aretzen R, Itakura K, Yansura DG et al. (1979) Direct expression in Escherichia coli of a DNA sequence coding for human growth hormone. Nature 281:44–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Watson JD, Gilman M, Witkowski J, Zoller M (1992) Recombinant DNA in medicine and industry. In: Watson JD Recombinant DNA. Freeman, New York, pp 455–458

    Google Scholar 

  49. Kaplin SL, August GP, Blethen SL, Brown DR, Hintz RL, Johansen A et al. (1986) Clinical studies with recombinant-DNA-derived methionyl human growth hormone in growth hormone deficient children. Lancet 1:697–700

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Watanabe S, Tsunematsu Y, Fujimoto J, Komiyama A (1988) Leukaemia in patients treated with growth hormone (Letter to the editor). Lancet 1:1159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Jiang ZM, He GZ, Zhang SY et al. (1989) Low dose growth hormone and hypocaloric nutrition attenuate the protein-catabolic response after major operation. Ann Surg 210:513–525

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Ponting GA, Halliday D, Teale JD, Sim AJW (1988) Postoperative positive nitrogen balance with intravenous hyponutrition and growth hormone. Lancet 1:438–439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Ziegler TR, Young RD, McK Manson J, Wilmore DW (1988) Metabolic effects of recombinant growth hormone in patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Ann Surg 208:6–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Gore DC, Honeycutt D, Jahoor F, Wolfe RR, Herndon DN (1991) Effect of exogenous growth hormone on whole-body and isolated limb protein kinetics in burned patients. Arch Surg 126:38–43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Wolfe RR, Herndon DN, Peter EJ, Jahoor F, Desai MH, Hollard OB (1987) Regulation of lipolysis in severely burned children. Ann Surg 206(2):214 221

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Chance WT, Nelson JL, Foley-Nelson T, Kim M, Fischer J (1989) The relationship of burn induced hypermetabolism to central and peripheral catecholamines. J Trauma 29(3):306–312

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Belcher HJCR, Mercer D, Judkins KC et al. (1989) Biosynthetic human growth hormone in burned patients: a pilot study. Burns 15:99–107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. MacGorman LR, Rizza R, Gerich JE (1981) Physiological concentrations of growth hormone exert insulin like and insulin antagonistic effects on both hepatic and extrahepatic tissues in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 53(3):556–559

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Fraser R (1960) Endocrine disorders and insulin action. Br Med Bull 16:242–246

    Google Scholar 

  60. Strock LL, Singh H, Abdullah A, Miller JA, Herndon DN (1990) The effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 on postburn hypermetabolism. Surgery 108:161–164

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Herndon DN, Barrow RE, Kunkel KR, Broemeling L, Rutan RL (1990) Effects of recombinant human growth hormone on donor site healing in severely burned children. Ann Surg 211:424–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Kupfer SR, Underwood LE, Baxter RC et al. (1993) Enhancement of the anabolic effects of growth hormone and insulin like growth factor 1 by use of both agents simultaneously. J Clin Invest 91:391–396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Clemmons DR, Smith-Banks A, Underwood LE (1992) Reversal of the diet-induced catabolism by infusion of recombinant insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75:234–238

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Lee PDK, Rosenfeld RG, Hintz RL, Smith SD (1986) Characterization of insulin-like and growth hormone receptors on human leukemic lymphoblasts. J Clin Endocrin Metabol 62(l):28–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Weigent DA, Blalock JE (1989) Expression of growth hormone by lymphocytes. Int Rev Immunol 4:193–211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Jorgenson PH, Andreassen TT, Jorgensen KD (1989) Growth hormone influences collagen deposition and mechanical strength of intact rat skin. A dose response study. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 120:767–772

    Google Scholar 

  67. Jorgenson PH, Andreassen TT (1987) A dose response study of the effects of biosynthetic growth hormone on formation and strength of granulation tissue. Endocrinology 121:1637–1641

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Jorgenson PH, Andreassen TT (1988) The influence of biosynthetic human growth hormone on biomechanical properties and collagen formation in granulation tissue. Horm Metab Res 20:490–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Gilpin DA, Barrow RE, Rutan RL, Broemling L, Herndon DN (1994) Recombinant human growth hormone accelerates wound healing in children with large cutaneous burns. Ann Surg (in press)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. D. A. Gilpin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. N. Herndon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine Department of Surgery, University of Tromsø, 9038, Tromsø, Norway

    Arthur Revhaug

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gilpin, D.A., Herndon, D.N. (1996). Acute Metabolic Response to Skin Injury Following Burn and the Potential Use of Growth Hormone. In: Revhaug, A. (eds) Acute Catabolic State. Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 21. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48801-6_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48801-6_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-48803-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-48801-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation