Abstract
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) are pleiotropic cytokines which interact in the regulation of lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation [1–3]. IL-1 has been found to consist of two functionally identical but chemically distinct polypeptides termed IL-lα and IL-1β [1]. Complimentary DNAs of their respective mRNAs have been cloned. Recombinant factors are now available and have entered clinical phase I trials [4–7]. They may have potential clinical usefulness by direct or indirect antitumor effects through induction of other cytokines. Alternatively, chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression may be alleviated by the use of these cytokines [8, 9]. However, production of both IL-1 and M-CSF has been reported for a number of tumor cells in vitro. IL-1 activity is secreted by melanoma and hepatoma cells in vitro [10, 11]. IL-1-like factors are released from glioblastoma cells in vitro, and IL-lα-like factors are released from thyroid cancer cells [12, 13]. Release of M-CSF by pancreatic cancer cells in vitro has been reported [14, 15]. Also, breast cancer, colon cancer, and lymphoma cell lines have been reported to express surface membrane receptors for IL-1 [16, 17]. Stimulation by IL-1 has been observed with SW-13 adenocarcinoma, H-128 small cell lung cancer, and with astrocytoma cells [18–20]. However, IL-lα and IL-1β may also inhibit proliferation of MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-415 cells in vitro [21]. These effects are related to the presence of specific receptor sites [22]. IL-lα may also modulate the activity of cytotoxic drugs against human cancer cells [9]. These findings raise the possibility that IL-1 and M-CSF might also modulate the growth pattern of primary human tumor cells. The aims of our present study were to determine whether IL-lα, IL-β, or M-CSF may act as modulators of clonogenic growth from freshly explanted solid tumor specimens, to define an optimal concentration and to compare the activity of these cytokines.
This work was supported by grant 90.055.1 from the Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung.
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Donné, S. et al. (1992). Growth-Modulating Effects of Interleukin-lα, Interleukin-1β, and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Clonogenic Tumor Cells In Vitro. In: Freund, M., Link, H., Schmidt, R.E., Welte, K. (eds) Cytokines in Hemopoiesis, Oncology, and AIDS II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48715-6_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48715-6_17
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