Skip to main content

Liposomes as Safe Carriers of Drugs and Vaccines

  • Conference paper
Liposome Dermatics

Part of the book series: Griesbach Conference ((GRIESBACH))

Abstract

Since 1974, as reported by numerous laboratories, hundreds of individual humans have received injections of liposomes either for diagnostic or biodistribution studies or for therapeutic applications as drug carriers (reviewed in [43]). In most studies, the liposomes were injected i.v. in large concentrations, and to date no major difficulties have been reported. These clinical trials were undertaken after extensive previous testing was performed by numerous laboratories, as noted below. The purpose of many in vitro tests and in vivo studies in animals has been to try to ascertain the most likely types of toxicity that might be anticipated in humans.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Adams DH, Joyce G, Richardson VJ, Ryman BE, Wisniewski HM (1977) Liposome toxicity in the mouse central nervous system. J Neurol Sci 31:173–179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Allen TM, Murray L, MacKeigan S, Shah M (1984) Chronic liposome administration in mice. Effects on reticuloendothelial function and tissue distribution. J Pharmacol Exper Ther 229:267–275

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Allen TM, Smuckler EA (1985) Liver pathology accompanying chronic liposome administration in mouse. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 50:281–290

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Allen TM (1987) Interactions of liposomes and other drug carriers with the mononuclear phagocyte system. In: Gregoriadis G (ed) Liposomes as drug carriers. Wiley, London, pp 37–50

    Google Scholar 

  5. Alving CR (1983) Delivery of liposome-encapsulated drugs to macrophages. Pharmacol Ther 22:407–424

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Alving CR (1991) Liposomes as carriers of antigens and adjuvants. J Immunol Meth 40:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Alving CR (1984) Natural antibodies against phospholipids and liposomes in humans. Biochem Soc Trans 12:342–344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Alving CR, Richards RL, Guirguis AA (1977) Cholesterol-dependent complement activation resulting in damage to liposomal model membranes. J Immunol 118:342–347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bradfield JWB (1974) Control of spillover. The importance of Kupffer-cell function in clinical medicine. Lancet ii:883–886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bruni A, Toffano G, Leon A, Boarato E (1976) Pharmacological effects of phospha-tidylserine liposomes. Nature 260:331–333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Campbell PI (1983) Toxicity of some charged lipids used in liposome preparations. Cytobios 37:21–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Canonico PL, Annunziato L, Toffano G, Bernardini R, Stanzani S, Foti M, Clementi G, Drago F, Scapagnini U (1981) In vivo and in vitro interference of phosphatidylser-ine liposomes on prolactin secretion in the rat. Neuroendocrinology 33:358–362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Coune A, Sculier JP, Frühling J, Stryckmans P, Brassinne C, Ghanem G, Laduron C, Atassi G, Ruysschaert JM, Hildebrand J (1983) IV administration of a water-insoluble antimitotic compound entrapped in liposomes. Preliminary report on infusion of large volumes of liposomes to man. Cancer Treat Rep 67:1031–1033

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Craddock PR, Fehr J, Brigham KL, Kronenberg RS, Jacob HS (1977) Complement and leukocyte-mediated pulmonary dysfunction in hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 296:769–774

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Dave J, Patel HM (1986) Differentiation in hepatic and splenic phagocytic activity during reticuloendothelial blockage with cholesterol-free and cholesterol-rich liposomes. Biochim Biophys Acta 888:184–190

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dijkstra J, Mellors JW, Ryan JL, Szoka F (1987) Modulation of the biological activity of bacterial endotoxin by incorporation into liposomes. J Immunol 138:2663–2670

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ellens H, Mayhew E, Rustum YM (1982) Reversible depression of the reticuloendothelial system by liposomes. Biochim Biophys Acta 714:479–485

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Fries LF, Gordon DM, Richards RL, Egan JE, Hollingdale MR, Gross M, Silverman C, Alving CR (1992) Liposomal malaria vaccine in humans: a novel, safe, and potent adjuvant strategy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:358–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hakim RM, Breillat J, Lazarus JM, Port FK (1984) Complement activation and hypersensitivity reactions to dialysis membranes. N Engl J Med 311:878–882

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hart IR, Fogler WE, Poste G, Fidler IJ (1981) Toxicity studies of liposome-encapsu-lated immunomodulators administered intravenously to dogs and mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 10:157–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kao YJ, Juliano RL (1981) Interactions of liposomes with the reticuloendothelial system. Effects of reticuloendothelial blockade on the clearance of large unilamellar vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 677:453–461

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Latif N, Bachhawat BK (1984) The effect of surface charges of liposomes in immuno-potentiation. Biosci Rep 4:99–107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Layton D, Luckenbach GA, Andreesen R, Munder PG (1980) The interaction of liposomes with cells: the relation of cell specific toxicity to lipid composition. Eur J Cancer 16:1529–1538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Leon A, Benvegnu D, Toffano G, Orlando P, Massari P (1978) Effect of brain cortex phospholipids on adenylate-cyclase activity of mouse brain. J Neurochem 30:23–26

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Levine SJ, Walsh TJ, Martinez A, Eichacker PQ, Lopez-Berestein G, Natanson C (1991) Cardiopulmonary toxicity after liposomal amphotericin B infusion. Ann Int Med 114:664–666

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Liehr H, Grün M (1977) Clinical aspects of Kupffer cell failure in liver diseases. In: Wisse E, Knook DL (eds) Kupffer cells and other liver sinusoidal cells. Elsevier/ North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 427–436

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lopez-Berestein G, Fainstein V, Hopfer R, Mehta K, Sullivan MP, Keating M, Rosenblum MG, Mehta R, Luna M, Hersh EM, Reuben J, Juliano RL, Bodey GP (1985) Liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of systemic fungal infections in patients with cancer. A preliminary study. J Infect Dis 151:704–710

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Marceau F, Lundberg C, Hugli TE (1987) Effects of the anaphylatoxins on circulation. Immunopharmacology 14:67–84

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Mattsby-Baltzer I, Alving CR (1984) Antibodies to lipid A: occurrence in humans. Rev Infect Dis 6:553–557

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Merion RM (1985) Measurements of reticuloendothelial system phagocytic activity in the rat after treatment with silica, liposomes, and cyclosporine. Transplantation 40:86–90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Miyamoto K, Schultz E, Heath T, Mitchell MD, Albertine KH, Staub NC (1988) Pulmonary intravascular macrophages and hemodynamic effects of liposomes in sheep. J Appl Physiol 64:1143–1152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Nolan JP (1975) The role of endotoxin in liver injury. Gastroenterology 69:1346–1356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Panzner EA, Jansons VK (1979) Control of in vitro cytotoxicity of positively charged liposomes. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 95:29–37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ramsey RB, Hamner MB, Alving BM, Finlayson JS, Alving CR, Evatt BL (1980) Effects of lipid A and liposomes containing lipid A on platelet and fibrinogen production in rabbits. Blood 56:307–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Richardson EC, Swartz GM Jr, Moe JB, Alving CR (1988–1989) Life-long administration of liposomes and lipid A in mice. Studies of effects on longevity, antibodies to liposomes, and terminal histopathological patterns. J Liposome Res 1:93–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Richardson EC, Banerji B, Seid RC Jr, Levin J, Alving CR (1983) Interactions of lipid A and liposome-associated lipid A with Limulus polyphemus ameobocytes. Infect Immun 39:1385–1391

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Senior J (1987) Fate and behavior of liposomes in vivo: a review of controlling factors. CRC Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Systems 3:123–193

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Toffano G, Leon A, Mazzari S, Savoini G, Teolato S, Orlando P (1978) Modification of noradrenergic hypothalamic system in rat injected with phosphatidylserine liposomes. Life Sci 23:1093–1102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Vosika GJ, Barr C, Gilbertson D (1984) Phase-I study of intravenous modified lipid-A. Cancer Immunol Immunother 18:107–112

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wassef NM, Johnson SH, Graeber GM, Swartz GM Jr, Schultz CL, Hailey JR, Johnson AJ, Taylor DG, Ridgway RL, Alving CR (1989) Anaphylactoid reactions mediated by autoantibodies to cholesterol in miniature pigs. J Immunol 143:2990–2995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Weereratne EAH, Gregoriadis G, Crow J (1983) Toxicity of sphingomyelin-contain-ing liposomes after chronic injection into mice. Br J Exp Pathol 64:676

    Google Scholar 

  42. Yoshihara E, Nakae T (1986) Cytolytic activity of liposomes containing stearylamine. Biochim Biophys Acta 854:93–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Zonneveld GM, Crommelin DJA (1988) Liposomes: parenteral administration to man. In: Gregoriadis G (ed) Liposomes as drug carriers. Wiley, London, pp 795–817

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Alving, C.R. (1992). Liposomes as Safe Carriers of Drugs and Vaccines. In: Braun-Falco, O., Korting, H.C., Maibach, H.I. (eds) Liposome Dermatics. Griesbach Conference. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48391-2_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48391-2_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-55646-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-48391-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics