Zusammenfassung
Die elektromyographische Untersuchungstechnik erlaubt eine exakte Diagnostik peripherer motorischer Störungen. Wesentlich schwieriger ist dies bei Läsionen des zentralmotorischen Systems, wo die übliche klinische Routine-Elektromyographie eine geringere Rolle spielt. Zur klinischen Beschreibung von Ausfallserscheinungen bei supraspinalen Läsionen werden im wesentlichen biomechanische Parameter, wie z.B. der Muskeltonus, herangezogen. Bei der elektrophysiologischen Untersuchung zentralmotorischer Störungen stand, entsprechend den klinischen Parametern und Beobachtungen, die genauere Untersuchung von pathologischem Reflexverhalten im Vordergrund (Dimitrijevic u. Nathan 1967, Herman 1970). Neuere elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen betrafen das Rekrutierungs- und Entladungsverhalten einzelner motorischer Einheiten bei Patienten mit motorischen Störungen. Diese brachten zwar spezifische Befunde bei supraspinalen motorischen Läsionen (Freund et al. 1973, Dietz 1974), trotzdem gaben diese Untersuchungen weder einen wesentlichen Aufschluß über die pathophysiologischen Vorgänge, die diesen Erkrankungen zugrunde liegen, noch konnten sie wegen des erheblichen technischen Aufwandes und der notwendigen Mitarbeit der Patienten in der klinischen Routinediagnostik angewandt werden.
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Berger, W. (1984). Störungen von Gang und Balance nach spinalen und Hirnläsionen. In: Haltung und Bewegung beim Menschen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-47519-1_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-47519-1_6
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