Abstract
In this article we present a critical review of the present state of knowledge of turbulent spots. We discuss the properties of both newborn as well as fully-developed spots. Both ensemble-averaged results and also the underlying structure of the spot are presented. It is shown that the ensemble-averaged results can be misleading, and that the spot has many features similar to those of a fully-turbulent boundary layer. The mechanisms by which a turbulent spot spreads into the surrounding fluid, which were first suggested by Corrsin and Kistler (1955), will be elaborated. Finally, similarities between spots and other flows will be discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amini, J. (1978) “Transition Contrôlée en Couche Limite: Etude Expérimentale du Développement d’une Perturbation Tridimensionnelle Instantanée,” Docteur-Ingénieur Thése, L’Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble.
Antonia, R. A., Chambers, A. J., Sokolov, M. & Van Atta, C. W. (1981) “Simultaneous Temperature and Velocity Measurements in the Plane of Symmetry of a Transitional Turbulent Spot,” J. Fluid Mech. 108, p. 317.
Bakewell, H. P. & Lumley, J. L. (1967) “Viscous Sublayer and Adjacent Wall Region in Turbulent Pipe Flow,” Phys. Fluids 10, p. 1880.
Benjamin, T. B. (1961) “The Development of Three-Dimensional Disturbances in an Unstable Film of Liquid Flowing Down an Inclined Plane,” J. Fluid Mech. 10, p. 401.
Blackwelder, R. F. (1983) “Analogies between Transition and Turbulent Boundary Layers,” Phys. Fluids 26, p. 2807.
Blackwelder, R. F. & Eckelmann, H. (1979) “Streamwise Vortices Associated with the Bursting Phenomenon,” J. Fluid Mech. 94, p. 577.
Blackwelder, R. F. & Kaplan, R. E. (1976) “On the Wall Structure of the Turbulent Boundary Layer,” J. Fluid Mech. 76, p. 89.
Blackwelder, R. F. & Kovasznay, L. S. G. (1972) “Time Scales and Correlations in a Turbulent Boundary Layer,” Phys. Fluids 15, p. 1545.
Cantwell, B., Coles, D. & Dimotakis, P. (1978) “Structure and Entrainment in the Plane of Symmetry of a Turbulent Spot,” J. Fluid Mech. 87, p. 641.
Carlson, D. R., Widnall, S. E. & Peeters, M. F. (1982) “A Flow-Visualization Study of Transition in Plane Poiseuille Flow,” J. Fluid Mech. 121, p. 487.
Charters, A. C. (1943) “Transition between Laminar and Turbulent Flow by Transverse Contamination,” N.A.C.A. Tech. Note No. 891.
Chen, C.-H. P. & Blackwelder, R. F. (1978) “Large-scale Motion in a Turbulent Boundary Layer: a Study Using Temperature Contamination,” J. Fluid Mech. 89, p. 1.
Coles, D. & Barker, S. J. (1975) “Some Remarks on a Synthetic Turbulent Boundary Layer,” in Turbulent Mixing in Nonreactive and Reactive Flows, ed. S. N. B. Murthy, Plenum, p. 285.
Corrsin, S. & Kistler, A. L. (1955) “Free-Stream Boundaries of Turbulent Flows,” N.A.C.A. Rep. No. 1244. (Supersedes N.A.C.A. TN 3133.)
Criminale, W. D. & Kovasznay, L. S. G. (1962) “The Growth of Localized Disturbances in a Laminar Boundary Layer,” J. Fluid Mech. 14, p. 59.
Dopazo, C & O’Brien, E. E. (1979) “Intermittancy in Free Turbulent Shear Flows,” in Turbulent Shear Flows I, eds. F. Durst et al., Springer, p. 6.
Elder, J. W. (1960) “An Experimental Investigation of Turbulent Spots and Breakdown to Turbulence,” J. Fluid Mech. 9, p. 235.
Emmons, H. W. (1951) “The Laminar-Turbulent Transition in a Boundary Layer,” J. Aero. Sci. 18, p. 490.
Falco, R. E. (1977) “Coherent Motions in the Outer Region of Turbulent Boundary Layer,” Phys. Fluids 20, p. S124.
Fiedler, H. E. & Head, M. R. (1966) “Intermittency Measurements in a Turbulent Boundary Layer,” J. Fluid Mech. 25, p. 719.
Gad-el-Hak, M., Blackwelder, R. F. & Riley, J. J. (1980) “A Visual Study of the Growth and Entrainment of Turbulent Spots,” in Laminar-Turbulent Transition, eds. R. Eppler and H. Fasel, Springer, p. 297.
Gad-el-Hak, M., Blackwelder, R. F. & Riley, J. J. (1981) “On the Growth of Turbulent Regions in Laminar Boundary Layers,” J. Fluid Mech. 110, p. 73.
Gad-el-Hak, M., Davis, S. H., McMurray, J. T. & Orszag, S. A. (1984) “On the Stability of the Decelerating Laminar Boundary Layer,” J. Fluid Mech. 138, p. 297.
Gaster, M. (1967) “On the Flow Along Swept Leading Edges,” Aero. Quart. 18, p. 165.
Gaster, M. (1975) “A Theoretical Model of a Wave Packet in the Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate,” Proc. Roy. Soc. A 347, p. 271.
Gaster, M. (1978) “The Physical Processes Causing Breakdown to Turbulence,” 12th Naval Hydrodynamics Symposium, Washington, D.C., p. 22.
Gaster, M. (1981) “On Transition to Turbulence in Boundary Layers,” in Transition and Turbulence, ed. R. E. Meyer, Academic Press, p. 95.
Gaster, M. & Grant, I. (1975) “An Experimental Investigation of the Formation and Development of a Wave Packet in a Laminar Boundary Layer,” Proc. Roy. Soc. A 347, p. 253.
Görtier, H. (1941) “Instabilität Laminarer Grenzschichten an Konkaven Wanden Gegenü ber Gewissen Dreidimensionalen Störungen,” Zeitschrift für Angewandte Math. & Mech. 21, p. 250.
Head, M. R. & Bandyopadhyay, P. (1978) “Combined Flow Visualization and Hot-Wire Measurements in Turbulent Boundary layers,” in Coherent Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layers, ed. C. R. Smith & D. E. Abbott, Lehigh Univ., p. 98.
Itsweire, E. C. (1983) “An Investigation of the Coherent Structures Associated with a Turbulent Spot in a Laminar Boundary Layer,” Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of California — San Diego.
Itsweire, E. C. & Van Atta, C. W. (1983) “The Effect of Different Similarity Growth Transformations on Ensemble Mean Particle Paths in Turbulent Spots,” J. de Physique-Letters 44, p. 917.
Klebanoff, P. S., Tidstrom, K. D. & Sargent, L. M. (1962) “The Three-Dimensional Nature of Boundary Layer Instability,” J. Fluid Mech. 12, p. 1.
Kollman, W. (1984) “Intermittant Turbulent Flows,” in these proceedings.
Kovasznay, L. S. G., Kibens, V. & Blackwelder, R. F. (1970) “Large- Scale Motion in the Intermittent Region of a Turbulent Boundary Layer,” J. Fluid Mech. 41, p. 283.
Kovasznay, L. S. G., Komoda, H. & Vasudeva, B. R. (1962) “Detailed Flow Field in Transition,” Proc. Heat Transfer and Fluid Mech. Inst., Stanford Univ. Press, p. 1.
Leonard, A. (1980) “Vortex Simulation of Three-Dimensional Spotlike Disturbances in a Laminar Boundary Layer,” in Turbulent Shear Flows II, eds. J. S. Bradbury et al., Springer, p. 67.
Leonard, A. (1981) “Turbulent Structures in Wall-Bounded Shear Flow Observed via Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations,” in Lect. Notes in Physics 136, ed. J. Jimenez, Springer, p. 119.
Liepmann, H. W., Brown, G. L. & Nosenchuck, D. M. (1982) “Control of Laminar-Instability Waves Using a New Technique,” J. Fluid Mech. 118, p. 187.
Matsui, T. (1980) “Visualization of Turbulent Spots in the Boundary Layer Along a Flat Plate in a Water Flow,” in Laminar-Turbulent Transition, eds. R. Eppler & H. Fasel, Springer, p. 288.
Mautner, T. S. & Van Atta, C. W. (1982) “An Experimental Study of the Wall-Pressure Field Associated with a Turbulent Spot in a Laminar Boundary Layer,” J. Fluid Mech. 118, p. 59.
Mitchner, M. (1954) “Propagation of Turbulence from an Instantaneous Point Disturbance,” J. Aero. Sci. 21, p. 350.
Perry, A. E., Lim, T. T. & Teh, E. W. (1981) “A Visual Study of Turbulent Spots,” J. Fluid Mech. 104, p. 387.
Schubauer, G. B. & Klebanoff, P. S. (1956) “Contributions on the Mechanics of Boundary Layer Transition,” N.A.C.A. Rep. No. 1289.
Schaubauer, G. B. & Skramstad, H. K. (1948) “Laminar Boundary Layer Oscillations on a Flat Plate,” N.A.C.A. Rep. No. 909.
Theodorsen, T. (1952) “Mechanism of Turbulence,” Proc. 2nd Midwestern Conf. Fluid Mech. Ohio State Univ. p. 1.
Theodorsen, T. (1955) “The Structure of Turbulence,” in 50 Jahre Grenzschichtforschung, ed. H. Görtier & W. Tollmien, Braunschweig: Vieweg & Son, p. 55.
Tollmein, W. (1931) “The Production of Turbulence,” N.A.C.A. TM No. 609.
Townsend, A. A. (1976) “The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow,” Cambridge Univ. Press.
Van Atta, C. W. & Heiland, K. N. (1980) “Exploratory Temperature-Tagging Measurements of Turbulent Spots in a Heated Laminar Boundary Layer,” J. Fluid Mech. 100, p. 243.
Vasudeva, B. R. (1967) “Boundary-Layer Instability Experiment with Localized Disturbance,” J. Fluid Mech. 29, p. 745.
Wygnanski, I. (1981) “The Effects of Reynolds Number and Pressure Gradient on the Transitional Spot in a Laminar Boundary Layer,” in Lecture Notes in Physics 136, ed. J. Jimenez, Springer, p. 304.
Wygnanski, I. & Champagne, F. H. (1973) “On Transition in a Pipe. Part 1: The Origin of Puffs and Slugs and the Flow in a Turbulent Slug,” J. Flud Mech. 29, p. 281.
Wygnanski, I., Haritonidis, J. H. & Kaplan, R. E. (1979) “On Tollmien-Schlichting Wave Packet Produced by a Turbulent Spot,” J. Fluid Mech. 92, P. 505.
Wygnanski, I., Sokolov, M. & Friedman, D. (1975) “On Transition in a Pipe. Part 2: The Equilibrium Puff,” J. Fluid Mech. 69, p. 283.
Wygnanski, I., Sokolov, M. & Friedman, D. (1976) “On a Turbulent ‘Spot’ in a Laminar Boundary Layer,” J. Fluid Mech. 78, p. 785.
Wygnanski, I., Zilberman, M. & Haritonidis, J. H. (1982) “On the Spreading of a Turbulent Spot in the Absence of a Pressure Gradient,” J. Fluid Mech. 123, p. 69.
Zilberman, M., Wygnanski, I. & Kaplan, R. E. (1977) “Transitional Boundary Layer Spot in a Fully Turbulent Environment,” Phys. Fluids 20, p. S258.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Riley, J.J., Gad-el-Hak, M. (1985). The Dynamics of Turbulent Spots. In: Davis, S.H., Lumley, J.L. (eds) Frontiers in Fluid Mechanics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46543-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46543-7_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-46545-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-46543-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive