Abstract
The concept of active transport across biological membranes was introduced to distinguish between fluxes requiring that work be done by the membrane on the transported substance and fluxes that involve the dissipation of a potential energy difference for the transported substance between the solution bathing the two membrane surfaces (cf. Rosenberg, 1948; Ussing, 1949). The concept has proved useful, but inadequate to contain the broad range of biological transport phenomena that have been characterized since. This paper begins with a brief analysis of the concept of active transport, in order to place the main subject, the ATP-dependent translocation of Na+, K+ and Ca++, in proper context.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albers, R.W., Koval, G. J., Siegel, G. J.: Mol. Pharmacol. 4, 324 (1968).
Aldridge, W.N.: Biochem. J. 83, 527 (1962).
Allan, D., Michell, R.H.: Nature 258, 348 (1975).
Askari, A., Rao, S.N.: J. Pharm. exp. Ther. 172, 211 (1970).
Baker, P.F.: Progr. Biophys. molec. Biol. 24, 177 (1972).
Baker, P.F., Glitsch, H.G.: J. Physiol. 233, 44P (1973).
Baker, P.F., Mcnaughton, P.A.: J. Physiol. 259, 103 (1976).
Baker, P. F., Stone, A. J.: Biochem. biophys. Acta 126, 321 (1966).
Beaugé, L. A., Ortiz, O.: J. Membrane Biol. 6, 165 (1973).
Blum, R.M., Hoffman, J.F.: J. Membrane Biol. 6, 315 (1971).
Blum, R. M., Hoffman, J. F.: Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 46, 1146 (1972).
Bond, G. H., Clough, D. L.: Biochem. biophys. Acta 323, 592 (1973).
Bond, G. H., Green, J. W.: Biochem. biophys. Acta 241, 393 (1971).
Bonting, S. L., Caravaggio, L. L.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 101, 37 (1963).
Brewer, G. J.: In: The Red Blood Cell (D.M. Surgenor, Ed.) New York-London: Academic Press 1974, p. 387.
Casteels, R., Goffin, S., Raeymaekers, L., Wuytack, F.: J. Physiol. 231, 19 (1973).
Caswell, A. H., Pressman, B. C.: Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 49, 292 (1972).
Cha, Y.N., Shin, B.C., Lee, K.S.: J. gen. Physiol. 57, 202 (1971).
Charnock, J.S., Post, R.L.: Nature 199, 910 (1963).
Chipperfield, A.R., Whittam, R.: J. Physiol. 230, 467 (1973).
Christensen, H. N.: In: Membranes and Ion Transport Vol. 1 (E. E. Bittar, Ed.) London: Wiley-Interscience 1970, p. 365.
Christensen, H.N., Riggs, T.R.: J. biol. Chem. 194, 57 (1952).
Christensen, H.N., Riggs, T.R., Fischer, H., Palatine, I.M.: J. biol. Chem. 198, 1 (1952a).
Christensen, H.N., Riggs, T.R., Fischer, H., Palatine, I.M.: J. biol. Chem. 198, 17 (1952b).
Crane, R.K.: Fed. Proc. 24, 1000 (1965).
Crane, R. K., Forstner, G., Eichholtz, A.: Biochem. biophys. Acta 109, 467 (1965).
Crane, R. K., Miller, D., Bihler, L.: In: Membrane Transport and Metabolism (A. Kleinzeller and A. Kotyk, Eds.) New York: Academic Press 1961, p. 439.
Csáky, T. Z.: Amer. J. Physiol. 201, 999 (1961).
Csáky, T. Z., Thale, M.: J. Physiol. 151, 59 (1960).
Csáky, T. Z., Zollicoffer, L.: Amer. J. Physiol. 198, 1056 (1960).
Dahl, J.L., Hokin, L.E.: Ann. Rev. Biochem. 43, 327 (1974).
Dahms, A.S., Boyer, P.D.: J. biol. Chem. 248, 3155 (1973).
Davis, P.W., Vincenzi, F.F.: Life Sci. 10, 401 (1971).
Duhm, J., Eisenried, F., Becker, B. F., Greil, W.: Pflügers Arch. 364, 147 (1976).
Duhm, J., Becker, B. F.: Pflügers Arch. 367, 211 (1977).
Dunham, E. T., Glynn, I. M.: J. Physiol. 156, 274 (1961).
Dunham, P. B.: Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 74, 3099 (1977).
Dunham, P.B., Gunn, R.B.: Arch. inter. Med. 129, 241 (1974).
Dunham, P.B., Hoffman, J.F.: Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 66, 936 (1970).
Dunn, M. J.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 352, 97 (1974).
Ebashi, S.: Ann, Rev. Physiol. 38, 293 (1976).
Epstein, W.: In: Biochemistry of Cell Walls and Membranes. Vol. 2 (C. F. Fox ed.) Baltimore, Md. University Park Press; London: Butterworths, 1975. p. 249.
Fahn, S., Koval, G. J., Albers, R. W.: J. biol. Chem. 241, 1882 (1966a).
Fahn, S., Hurley, M.R., Koval, G.J., Albers, R.W.: J. biol. Chem. 241, 1890 (1966b).
Feig, S.A., Segel, G.B., Shohet, S.B.: J. clin, Invest. 51, 1547 (1972).
Ferreira, H.H., Lew, V.L.: J. Physiol. 252, 86 (1975).
Ferreira, H.G., Lew, V.L.: Nature 259, 47 (1976).
Fukushima, Y., Tonomura, Y.: J. Biochem. 74, 135 (1973).
Funder, J., Wieth, J.O.: Scand. J. clin. and Lab. Invest. 18, 167 (1966).
Funder, J., Wieth, J. O.: Acta physiol. scand. 71, 113 (1967).
Garay, R.P., Garrahan, P.J.: J. Physiol. 231, 297 (1973).
Garay, R.P., Garrahan, P. J.: J. Physiol. 249, 51 (1975).
Gardner, J.D., Conlon, T.P.: J. gen. Physiol. 60, 609 (1972).
Gardner, J.D., Kiino, D. R.: J. clin. Invest. 52, 845 (1973).
Gárdos, G.: Acta Physiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 6, 191 (1954).
Gárdos, G.: Acta Physiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 10, 185 (1956).
Gárdos, G.: Acta Physiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 14, 1 (1958).
Gárdos, G.: Acta Physiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 15, 121 (1959).
Gárdos, G.: Experientia 20, 127 (1964a).
Gárdos, G.: Experientia 20, 387 (1964b).
Gárdos, G. Straub, F.B.: Acta Physiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12, 1 (1957).
Gárdos, G., Sarkadi, B., Szász, I.: FEBS Symp. Series 35, 167 (1974).
Gárdos, G., Sarkadi, B., Szász, I.: In: Abst. 5th International Biophys. Congr. p. 100. Printed by Villadsen and Christensen. Copenhagen.
Gárdos, G., Szász, I., Sarkadi, B.: Acta biol. med. Germ. 36, 823 (1977).
Garrahan, P. J., Garay, R.P.: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 242, 445 (1974).
Garrahan, P. J., Garay, R. P.: In: Current Topics in Membranes and Transport Vol. 8 (F. Bronner and A. Kleinzeller, Eds.). New York: Academic Press 1976, p. 29.
Garrahan, P. J., Glynn, I.M.: J. Physiol. 192, 159 (1967a).
Garrahan, P. J., Glynn, I.M.: J. Physiol. 192, 175 (1967b).
Garrahan, P. J., Glynn, I.M.: J. Physiol. 192, 189 (1967c).
Garrahan, P. J., Glynn, I.M.: J. Physiol. 192, 217 (1967d).
Garrahan, P. J., Glynn, I.M.: J. Physiol. 192, 237 (1967e).
Garrahan, P. J., Rega, A.F.: J. Physiol. 193, 459 (1967).
Garrahan, P. J., Puchan, M.I., Rega, A.F.: J. Physiol. 202, 305 (1969).
Gill, T.J., Solomon, A.K.: Nature 183, 1127 (1959).
Glynn, I.M.: J. Physiol. 134, 278 (1956).
Glynn, I.M.: J. Physiol. 136, 148 (1957).
Glynn, I.M.: J. Physiol. 169, 452 (1963).
Glynn, I. M., Hoffman, J. F.: J. Physiol. 218, 239 (1971).
Glynn, I.M., Karlish, S.J.D.: In: Energy Transformation in Biological Systems (CIBA Symposium 31) Amsterdam: A.S.P. 1975a. p. 205.
Glynn, I.M., Karlish, S.J.D.: Ann. Rev. Physiol. 37, 13 (1975b).
Glynn, I.M., Karlish, S.J.D.: J. Physiol. 244, 465 (1975c).
Glynn, I.M., Lew, V.L.: J. Physiol. 207, 393 (1970).
Glynn, I. M., Hoffman, J. F., Lew, V. L.: Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 262, 91 (1971).
Glynn, I. M., Karlish, S. J. D., Cavieres, J. D., Ellory, J. C., Lew, V. L., Jorgensen, P. L.: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 242, 357 (1974).
Glynn, I. M., Lew, V. L., Lüthi, U.: J. Physiol. 207, 371 (1970).
Goldin, S. M.: J. biol. Chem. 252, 5630 (1977).
Goldin, S.M., and Tong, S.W.: J. biol. Chem. 249, 5907 (1974).
Groningen, H. E. M., van, and Slater, E. C.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 73, 527 (1963).
Gunn, R. B.: In: Membrane Transport in Biology, Vol.11 (G. Giebisch, D. C. Tosteson, H.H. Ussing, Eds.). Heidelberg: Springer 1978.
Gunn, R.B., Tosteson, D.C.: J. gen. Physiol. 57, 593 (1971).
Haas, M., Schooler, J., Tosteson, D.C.: Nature 258, 425 (1975).
Harris, E. J.: J. biol. Chem. 141, 579 (1941).
Harris, E. J., Maizels, M.: J. Physiol. 118, 40 (1952).
Harris, E. J., Prankerd, T. A. J.: J. Physiol. 121, 470 (1953).
Harrison, D.C., Long, G.: J. Physiol. 199, 367 (1968).
Hasselbach, W., Suho, J., Stromes, M.H.: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 264, 335 (1975).
Hegyvary, C., Post, R.L.: J. biol. Chem. 246, 5235 (1971).
Hilden, S., Hokin, L.E.: J. biol. Chem. 250, 6296 (1975).
Hilden, S., Rhee, A.M., Hokin, L.E.: J. biol. Chem. 249, 7432 (1974).
Hodgkin, A.L.: Proc. roy. Soc. B 148, 1 (1957).
Hoffman, J. F.: In: Biophysics of Physiological and Pharmacological Actions. Washington, D. C: American Association for the Advancement of Science 1961, p. 3.
Hoffman, J.F.: J. gen. Physiol. 45, 837 (1962).
Hoffman, J.F.: Amer. J. Med. 41, 666 (1966).
Hoffman, J.F.: J. gen. Physiol. 54, 343 (1969).
Hoffman, J.F.: In: Role of Membranes in Secretory Processes (L. Bolis, R.D. Keynes and W. Wilbrandt, Eds). Amsterdam: North Holland 1972, p. 203.
Hoffman, J. F., Ingram, C. J.: In: Metabolism and Membrane Permeability of Erythrocytes and Thrombocytes (E. Deutsch, E. Gerlach and K. Moser, Eds). Stuttgart: Thieme 1968, p. 420.
Hoffman, P.G., Tosteson, D.C.: J. gen. Physiol. 58, 438 (1971).
Hokin, L.E.: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 242, 12 (1974).
Hokin, L.E.: Trends in Biol. Sciences 10, 233 (1976).
Hokin, L. E., Dahl, J. L., Deupree, J. D., Dixon, J. F., Hackney, J. F., Perdue, J. F.: J. biol. Chem. 248, 2593 (1973).
Hull, K.L., Roses, A.D.: J. Physiol. 254, 169 (1976).
Jacob, H.S., Jandl, J.H.: J. clin. Invest. 43, 1704 (1964).
Jain, M. K., White, F. P., Strickholm, A., Williams, E., Cordes, E. H.: J. Membrane Biol. 8, 363 (1972).
Jardetzky, O.: Nature 211, 969 (1966).
Jørgensen, P.L.: Quart. Rev. Biophys. 7, 239 (1975).
Jørgensen, P. L., Skou, J. C., Solomonson, L. P.: Biochem. biophys. Acta 233, 381 (1971).
Jørgensen, P. L., Hansen, O., Glynn, I.M., Cavieres, J. D.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 291, 795 (1973).
Judah, J.P., Ahmed, K., Mclean, A.E.M.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 65, 472 (1962).
Kanazawa, T., Saito, M., Tonomura, Y.: J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 61, 555 (1967).
Kanazawa, T., Saito, M., Tonomura, Y.: J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 67, 693 (1970).
Karlish, S. J. D., Glynn, I.M.: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 242, 461 (1974).
Katz, S., Blostein, R.: Fed. Proc. 32, 287 (Abstract) (1973).
Kedem, O.: In: Membrane Transport and Metabolism (A. Kleinzeller and A. Kotyk, Eds). New York: Academic Press 1961, p. 87.
Kirkpatrick, F. H., Hillman, D. G., La Celle, P. L.: Experientia 31, 6 (1975a).
Kirkpatrick, F. H., Woods, G. M., La Celle, P. L., Weed, R. I.: J. supramolec. Struct. 3, 415 (1975b).
Knauf, P.A., Proverbio, F., Hoffman, J.F.: J. gen. Physiol. 63, 305 (1974a).
Knauf, P.A., Proverbio, F., Hoffman, J.F.: J. gen. Physiol. 63, 324 (1974b).
Knight, A.B., Welt, L.G.: J. gen. Physiol. 63, 351 (1974).
Kramer, B., Tisdall, F.F.: J. biol. Chem. 53, 241 (1922).
Kregenow, F.M.: J. gen. Physiol. 58, 372 (1971a).
Kregenow, F.M.: J. gen. Physiol. 58, 396 (1971b).
Kregenow, F.M.: J. gen. Physiol. 61, 509 (1973).
Kregenow, R.M.: J. gen. Physiol. 64, 393 (1974).
Kundig, W., Ghosh, S., Roseman, S.: Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 52, 1067 (1964).
Kyte, J.: J. biol. Chem. 246, 4157 (1971).
Kyte, J.: J. biol. Chem. 249, 3652 (1974).
Lacelle, P. L., Kirkpatrick, F. H., Udkow, M.: In: Erythrocytes, Thrombocytes, Leukocytes (E. Gerlach, K. Moser, E. Deutsch and W. Wilmanns, Eds.), Stuttgart: Thieme 1973, p. 49.
Lamb, J.F., Lindsay, R.: J. Physiol. 218, 691 (1971).
Lant, A.F., Whittam, R.: J. Physiol. 199, 457 (1968).
Lee, K.S., Shin, B.C.: J. gen. Physiol. 54, 713 (1969).
Lew, V.L.: In: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology of Transport (L. Bolis, K. Bloch, S. E. Luria and F. Lynen, Eds.), Amsterdam: North Holland 1974, p. 310.
Lew, V.L., Beaugé, L.: In: Membrane Transport in Biology, Vol. II (G. Giebisch, D. C. Tosteson and H.H. Ussing, Eds.) Heidelberg: Springer 1978.
Lew, V.L., Ferreira, H.G.: Nature 263, 336 (1976).
Lew, V.L., Glynn, I.M., Ellory, J.C.: Nature 225, 865 (1970).
Lew, V. L., Hardy, M. A., Ellory, J. C.: Biochem. biophys. Acta 323, 251 (1973).
Lindenmayer, G. E., Laughter, A. H., Schwartz, A.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 127, 187 (1968).
Love, W. D., Burch, E.: J. Lab. clin. Med. 41, 351 (1953).
Luchasen, J.R., White, J.G., Kersey, J.H.: Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 71, 5088 (1974).
Luthra, M. G., Hildenbrandt, G. R., Hanahan, D. J.: Biochem. biophys. Acta 419, 164 (1976a).
Luthra, M. G., Hildenbrandt, G. R., Kim, H. D., Hanahan, D. J.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 419, 180 (1976b).
Mcconaghey, P.D., Maizels, M.: J. Physiol. 162, 485 (1962).
Macintyre, J.D., Green, J. W.: J. gen. Physiol. 68, 12a (1976).
Maclennan, D.H., and Holland, P.C.: Ann. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 4, 377 (1975).
Makinose, M., Hasselbach, W.: FEBS Letters 12, 271 (1971).
Märdh, S., Zetterquist, Ö.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 255, 231 (1972).
Martin, K.: J. Physiol. 224, 207 (1972).
Martonosi, A.: In: Current Topics in Membranes and Transport (F. Bronner and A. Kleinzeller, Eds.), Vol. 3. New York: Academic Press 1972, p. 83.
Mendels, J.: In: Lithium Research and Therapy (F. N. Johnson, Ed.). New York: Academic Press 1975, p. 43.
Mendels, J., Frazer, A.: J. psychiat. Res. 10, 9 (1973).
Miller, D. R., Rickles, F.R., Lichtman, M. A.: Blood 38, 184 (1971).
Minakami, S., Kanimura, K., Yoshikawa, H.: Biochem. biophys. Acta 90, 434 (1964).
Moore, L., Fitzpatrick, D. F., Chen, T. S., Landon, E.: Biochem. biophys. Acta 345, 405 (1974).
Mullins, L. J.: In: Membrane Transport in Biology, Vol. II (G. Giebisch, D. C. Tosteson and H. H. Ussing, Eds). Heidelberg: Springer 1978.
Murphy, J.R.: J. Lab. clin. Med. 61, 567 (1963).
Nakao, T., Nagano, K., Adachi, K., Nakao, M.: Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 13, 444 (1963).
Nakao, M., Nakao, T., Hara, Y., Nagai, F., Yagasaki, S. Tikoi, M., Nakagawa, A., Kawai, K.: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 242, 24 (1974).
Neufeld, A.H., Levy, H.M.: J. biol. Chem. 245, 4962 (1970).
Olson, E. J., Cazort, R. J.: J. gen. Physiol. 53, 311 (1969).
Olson, E. J., Cazort, R. J.: J. gen. Physiol. 63, 590 (1974).
Orringer, E.P., Parker, J.C.: Prog. Hematol. 8, 1 (1973).
Palek, J., Curby, W. A., Lionetti, F. J.: Amer. J. Physiol. 220, 19 (1971a).
Palek, J., Curby, W. A., Lionetti, F. J.: Amer. J. Physiol. 220, 1028 (1971b).
Palek, J., Stewart, G., Lionetti, F. J.: Blood 44, 583 (1974).
Pandey, G., Javaid, J., Davis, J., Tosteson, D. C.: Physiologist 19, 321 (1976).
Pandey, G. N., Ostrow, D. G., Haas, M., Dorus, E., Casper, R. C., Davis, J. M., Tosteson, D. C.: Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 74, 3607 (1977).
Parker, J.C., and Hoffman, J.F.: J. gen. Physiol. 50, 893 (1967).
Parker, J.C., Gitelman, H. J., Glosson, P. S., Leonard, D.L.: J. gen. Physiol. 65, 84 (1975).
Perronne, J. R., Blostein, R.: Biochem. biophys. Acta 291, 680 (1973).
Pfleger, H., Wolf, H. U.: Biochem. J. 147, 359 (1975).
Plishker, G., Gitelman, H. J.: J. gen. Physiol. 68, 29 (1976).
Porzig, H.: J. Membrane Biol. 8, 237 (1972).
Post, R.L.: Fed. Proc. 18, 121 (1959).
Post, R.L., Jolly, P.C.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 25, 118 (1957).
Post, R.L., Kune, S.: J. biol. Chem. 248, 6993 (1973).
Post, R.L., Rosenthal, A. S.: J. gen. Physiol. 45, 614A (1962).
Post, R. L., Merritt, C. R., Kinsolving, C. R., Albright, C. D.: J. biol. Chem. 235, 1796 (1960).
Post, R.L., Sen, A.K., Rosenthal, A.S.: J. biol. Chem. 240, 1437 (1965).
Post, R.L., Albright, C.D., Dayani, K.: J. gen. Physiol. 50, 1201 (1967).
Post, R.L., Kume, S., Tobin, T., Orcutt, B., Sen, A.K.: J. gen. Physiol. 54, 306s (1969).
Post, R.L., Hegyváry, C., Kume, S.: J. biol. Chem. 247, 6530 (1972).
Post, R.L., Taniguchi, K., Toda, G.: Ann. N. Y. Sci. 242, 80 (1974).
Priestland, R.N., Whittam, R.: J. Physiol. 220, 353 (1972).
Proverbio, F., Hoffman, J.F.: Fed. Proc. 31, 215 (1972).
Quist, E.E., Roufogalis, B.D.: FEBS Letters 50, 135 (1975a).
Quist, E. E., Roufogalis, B. D.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 168, 240 (1975b).
Racker, E., Fisher, L. W.: Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 67, 1144 (1975).
Racker, E., Knowles, A.F., Eytan, E.: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 264, 17 (1975).
Rasmussen, H.: Science 170, 404 (1970).
Reed, P.W.: Fed. Proc. 32, 635 (1973).
Reed, P. W.: J. biol. Chem. 251, 3489 (1976).
Reed, P. W., Lardy, H.A.: J. biol. Chem. 247, 6790 (1972).
Rega, A.F., Garrahan, P. J., Puchan, M.I.: J. Membrane Biol. 3, 14 (1970).
Repke, K.R.H., Schön, R.: Acta biol. med. Germ. 31, K19 (1973).
Robinson, J. D.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 156, 232 (1973).
Robinson, J.D.: FEBS Letters 38, 325 (1974).
Romero, P. J., Whittam, R.: J. Physiol. 214, 481 (1971).
Ronquist, G.: In: Biological Transport (H. E. Christensen, Ed.), Reading, Mass: Benjamin 1975, p. 272.
Rosenberg, T.: Acta chem. scand. 2, 14 (1948).
Rosenthal, A. S., Kregenow, F. M., Moses, H. L.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 196, 254 (1970).
Rubin, R.P.: Pharmacol. Rev. 22, 389 (1970).
Sachs, J.R.: J. clin, Invest. 46, 1433 (1967).
Sachs, J.R.: J. gen. Physiol. 56, 322 (1970).
Sachs, J.R.: J. clin. Invest. 51, 3244 (1972).
Sachs, J.R.: J. Physiol. 264, 449 (1977).
Sachs, J.R., Knauf, P.A., Dunham, P.B.: In: The Red Blood Cell (D.M. Surgenor, Ed.) New York: Academic Press 1975, p. 613.
Sachs, J. R., Welt, L. G.: J. clin. Invest. 46, 65 (1967).
Sarkadi, B., Schubert, A.: Dissertation, Biophysical Society of the Hung. Academy of Sciences, 1975.
Sarkadi, B., Szász, I., Gárdos, G.: J. Membrane Biol. 26, 257 (1976).
Sarkadi, B., Szász, I., Gerlöczy, A., Gárdos, G.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 464, 93 (1977).
Sarkadi, B., Alifimoff, J. K., Gunn, R. B., Tosteson, D. C.: J. Gen. Physiol. 72, 249 (1978).
Scarpa, A.: In: Membrane Transport in Biology, Vol. II (G. Giebisch, D.C. Tosteson and H.H. Ussing, Eds.). Heidelberg: Springer 1978.
Schatzmann, H. J.: Helv. physiol. Acta 11, 346 (1953).
Schatzmann, H. J.: Experientia 22, 364 (1966).
Schatzmann, H. J.: In: Calcium and Cellular Function (A. W. Cuthbert Ed.). New York: Macmillan 1969, p. 85.
Schatzmann, H. J.: J. Physiol. 235, 551 (1973).
Schatzmann, H. J.: In: Current Topics in Membranes and Transport (F. Bronner and A. Kleinzeller, Eds.), Vol. 6. New York: Academic Press 1975, p. 125.
Schatzmann, H. J., Roaai, G.L.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 241, 379 (1971).
Schatzmann, H. J., Tschabold, M.: Experientia 27, 59 (1971).
Schatzmann, H. J., Vincenzi, F.F.: J. Physiol. 201, 369 (1969).
Schmidt, W.F., Mcmanus, T. J.: J. gen. Physiol. 70, 59 (1977).
Schrier, S.L.: J. clin. Invest. 42, 756 (1963).
Schwer, S.L.: Amer. J. Physiol. 210, 139 (1966).
Schultz, S. G.: In: Biological Membranes (R. M. Dowben, Ed.). Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown 1969, p. 101.
Schultz, S. G.: In: Membrane Transport in Biology, Vol. IV (G. Giebisch, D. C. Tosteson and H.H. Ussing, Eds). Heidelberg: Springer 1979.
Schultz, S.G., Curran, P.F.: Physiol. Rev. 50, 637 (1970).
Schwartz, A., Laseter, A. H., Kraintz, L.: J. cell. comp. Physiol. 62, 193 (1963).
Schwartz, A., Lindenmayer, G. E., Allen, J. C.: In: Current Topics in Membranes and Transport (F. Bronner and A. Kleinzeller, Eds.), Vol. 3. New York: Academic Press 1972, p. 1.
Seeman, P.: Pharmacol. Rev. 24, 583 (1972).
Sen, A.K., Post, R.L.: J. biol. Chem. 239, 345 (1964).
Siegel, G. J., Koval, G. J., Albers, R.W.: J. biol. Chem. 244, 3264 (1969).
Simoni, R.D., Smith, M.F., Roseman, S.: Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 31, 804 (1968).
Simons, T.J.B.: J. Physiol. 237, 123 (1974).
Simons, T.J.B.: J. Physiol. 244, 731 (1975).
Simons, T.J.B.: J. Physiol. 256, 227 (1976).
Skou, J.C.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 23, 394 (1957).
Skou, J.C.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 42, 6 (1960).
Skou, J.C.: Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 10, 79 (1963).
Skou, J.C.: Physiol. Rev. 45, 596 (1965).
Skou, J.C.: Quart. Rev. Biophys. 7, 401 (1975).
Smith, T.W., Wagner, H., Jr.: J. Membrane Biol. 25, 341 (1975).
Somogyi, J.: Experientia 20, 28 (1964).
Somogyi, J., Vincze, I.: Acta Physiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21, 29 (1962).
Stein, W. D., Lieb, W. R., Karlish, S.J. D., Eilam, Y.: Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 70, 275 (1973).
Stone, A. J.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 150, 578 (1968).
Straub, F.B.: Acta Physiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 4, 235 (1953).
Sweadner, K.J., Goldin, S.M.: J. biol. Chem. 250, 4022 (1975).
Szász, I.: Dissertation, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1970.
Szász, I.: Acta biochim. biophys. Acad. Sci. Hung. 10, 25 (1975).
Szász, I., Gárdos, G.: FEBS Letters 44, 213 (1974).
Szász, L., Sarkadi, B., Gárdos, G.: J. Membrane Biol. 35, 75 (1977).
Tosteson, D. C.: In: The Cellular Functions of Membrane Transport (J. F. Hoffman, Ed.), Engle-wood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall 1964.
Tosteson, D.C., Hoffman, J.F.: J. gen. Physiol. 44, 169 (1960).
Ussing, H.H.: Acta physiol. scand. 19, 43 (1949).
Ussing, H. H.: In: Membrane Transport in Biology, Vol. I (G. Giebisch, D. C. Tosteson and H. H. Ussing, Eds.). Heidelberg: Springer 1978.
Ussing, H. H., Kruhoffer, P., Hess Thaysen, J., Thorn, N. S.: In: Handbuch der Experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. 13 (O. Eichler and A. Farah, Eds.). Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg: Springer 1960.
Van Rossum, G.D. V.: J. gen. Physiol. 55, 18 (1970).
Vidaver, G. A.: Biochemistry 3, 662 (1964a).
Vidaver, G. A.: Biochemistry 3, 795 (1964b).
Vidaver, G. A.: Biochemistry 3, 803 (1964c).
Watson, E.L., Vincenzi, F.F., Davis, P. W.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 249, 606 (1971).
Weed, R. I.: In: Metabolism and Membrane Permeability of Erythrocytes and Thrombocytes (E. Deutsch, E. Gerlach and K. Moser, Eds). Stuttgart: Thieme 1968, p. 446.
Weed, R.I., La Celle, P.L., Merrill, E. W.: J. clin. Invest. 48, 795 (1969).
Weiner, M. L., Lee, K. S.: J. gen. Physiol. 59, 462 (1972).
White, J. G.: Amer. J. Pathol. 77, 507 (1974).
Whittam, R.: J. Physiol. 140, 479 (1958).
Whittam, R., Acer, N.E.: Biochem. J. 93, 337 (1964).
Whittam, R., Acer, N.E.: Biochem. J. 97, 214 (1965).
Whittam, R., Wheeler, K.P., Blake, A.: Nature (Lond.) 203, 720 (1964).
Widdas, W.F.: J. Physiol. 118, 23 (1952).
Wieth, J. O., Dalmark, M., Gunn, R. B., Tosteson, D. C.: In: Erythrocytes, Thrombocytes, Leukocytes (E. Gerlach, K. Moser, E. Deutsch, W. Williams, Eds). Stuttgart: Thieme 1973, p. 71.
Wilbrandt, W.: Pflügers Arch. 245, 22 (1940).
Wiley, J.S., Cooper, R. A.: J. clin. Invest. 53, 745 (1971).
Wins, P., Schoffeniels, E.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 120, 341 (1966).
Wolf, H.U.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 219, 521 (1970).
Wolf, H.U.: Biochem. J. 130, 311 (1972a).
Wolf, H.U.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 266, 361 (1972b).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1979 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sarkadi, B., Tosteson, D.C. (1979). Active Cation Transport in Human Red Cells. In: Tosteson, D.C. (eds) Transport Across Single Biological Membranes. Membrane Transport in Biology, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46375-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46375-4_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-46377-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-46375-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive