Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften ((997,volume 1976 / 3))

  • 97 Accesses

Abstract

The surface of the kidney presents a unique opportunity to study fundamental processes in the living animal. Here blood vessels and kidney tubules are accessible to direct microscopic observation. This situation has been used to elucidate kidney functions under normal and pathological conditions.

The original research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 90). We thank Dr. G. Giebisch for helpful suggestions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Anagnostopoulos, T., Kinney, M. J., Windhager, E. E.: Salt and water reabsorption by short loops of Henle during renal vein constriction. Amer. J. Physiol. 220, 1060–1066 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Andreucci, V. E., Herrera-Acosta, J., Rector, F. C., Jr., Seldin, D. W.: Measurement of single-nephron glomerular filtration rate by micropuncture: analysis of error. Amer. J. Physiol. 221, 1551–1559 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Armsen, T., Schad, H., Reinhardt, H. W.: Die Harnstoffkonzentrierung in der Niere. II. Mikropunktionsexperimente an Ratten. Pflügers Arch. 313, 222–244 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Arrizurieta-Muchnik, E.E., Lassiter, W. E., Lipham, E. M., Gottschalk, C. W.: Micropuncture study of glomerulotubular balance in the rat kidney. Nephron 6, 418–436 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bahlmann, J., Giebisch, G., Ochwadt, B., Schoeppe, W.: Micropuncture study of isolated perfused rat kidney. Amer. J. Physiol. 212, 77–82 (1967).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Baines, A. D., Baines, C. J., de Rouffignac, C.: Functional heterogeneity of nephrons. I. Intraluminal flow velocities. Pflügers Arch. 308, 244–259 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Baines, A. D., Rouffignac, C. de: Functional heterogeneity of nephrons. II. Filtration rates, intraluminal flow velocities and fractional water reabsorption. Pflügers Arch. 308, 260–276 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Baines, A. D., Gottschalk, C. W., Leyssac, P. P.: Proximal luminal volume and fluid reabsorption in the rat kidney. Acta physiol. scand. 74, 440–452 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Bank, N., Aynedjian, H. S., Wada, T.: Effect of peritubular capillary perfusion rate on proximal sodium reabsorption. Kidney Int. 1, 397–405 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bank, N., Koch, K. M., Aynedjian, H. S., Aras, M.: Effect of changes in renal perfusion pressure on the suppression of proximal tubular sodium reabsorption due to saline loading. J. clin. Invest. 48, 271–283 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bank, N., Mutz, B. F., Aynedjian, H. S.: The role of “leakage” of tubular fluid in anuria due to mercury poisoning. J. clin. Invest. 46, 695–704 (1967).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Baumann, K., Huang, K. C.: Micropuncture and microperfusion study of L-glucose secretion in rat kidney. Pflügers Arch. 305, 155–166 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Baumann, K., Oelert, H., Rumrich, G., Ullrich, K. J.: Ist Inulin zur Messung des Glomerulumfiltrates beim Warmblüter geeignet? Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 282, 238–241 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Beeuwkes, R., III: Efferent vascular patterns and early vascular-tubular relations in the dog kidney. Amer. J. Physiol. 221, 1361–1374 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bello-Reuss, E., Colindres, R. E., Pastoriza-Münoz, E., Mueller, R. A., Gottschalk, C. W.: Effects of acute unilateral renal denervation in the rat. J. clin. Invest. 56, 208–217 (1975).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bojesen, E., Leyssac, P. P.: Proximal tubular reabsorption in the rat kidney as studied by the occlusion time and lissamine green transit time technique. Acta physiol. scand. 76, 213–235 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bonvalet, J. P., Champion, M., Wanstok, F., Berjal, G.: Absolute values of superficial and juxtamedullary single nephron glomerular filtration rate in un-anesthetized rats. Proc. 26th Int. Physiol. Congr. 11, 59 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bordier, B., Ornstein, L., Wedeen, R. P.: The intrarenal distribution of tritiated para-aminohippuric acid determined by a modified technique of section freeze-dry radioautography. J. Cell Biol. 46, 518–532 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Brackenridge, C. J.: Factors affecting the uptake of lissamine green by serum proteins. J. clin. Path. 13, 149–155 (1960).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Brandis, M., Keyes, J., Windhager, E. E.: Potassium-induced inhibition of proximal tubular fluid reabsorption in rats. Amer. J. Physiol. 222, 421–427 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Brenner, B. M., Bennett, C. M., Berliner, R. W.: The relationship between glomerular filtration rate and sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule of the rat nephron. J. clin. Invest. 47, 1358–1374 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Brenner, B. M., Berliner, R. W.: Relationship between extracellular volume and fluid reabsorption by the rat nephron. Amer. J. Physiol. 217, 6–12 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Brenner, B. M., Daugharty, T. M., Ueki, I. F., Troy, J. L.: Quantitative assessment of proximal tubule function in single nephrons of the rat kidney. Amer. J. Physiol. 220, 2058–2067 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Brenner, B. M., Falchuk, K. H., Keimowitz, R. I., Berliner, R. W.: The relationship between peritubular capillary protein concentration and fluid reabsorption by the renal proximal tubule. J. clin. Invest. 48, 1519–1531 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Brenner, B. M., Galla, J. H.: Influence of postglomerular hematocrit and protein concentration on rat nephron fluid transfer. Amer. J. Physiol. 220, 148–161 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Brenner, B. M., Troy, J. L.: Postglomerular vascular protein concentration: Evidence for a causal role in governing fluid reabsorption and glomerulotubular balance by the renal proximal tubule. J. clin. Invest. 50 336–349 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Brenner, B. M., Troy, J. L., Daugharty, T. M.: The dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. J. clin. Invest. 50, 1776–1780 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Brenner, B. M., Troy, J. L., Daugharty, T. M., Deen, W. M., Robertson, C. R.: Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. II. Plasma-flow dependence of GFR. Amer. J. Physiol. 223, 1184–1190 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Brod, J.: The Kidney. London: Butterworths 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Brunner, F. P., Rector, F. C., Jr., Seldin, D. W.: Mechanism of glomerulotubular balance. II. Regulation of proximal tubular reabsorption by tubular volume, as studied by stopped-flow microperfusion. J. clin Invest. 45, 603–611 (1966).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Buentig, W. E., Earley, L. E.: Demonstration of independent roles of proximal tubular reabsorption and intratubular load in the phenomenon of glomerulotubular balance during aortic constriction in the rat. J. clin. Invest. 50, 77–89 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Burwell, R. G.: Changes in the proximal tubule of the rabbit kidney after temporary complete renal ischemia. J. Path. Bact. 70, 387–399 (1955).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Capek, K., Dlouhâ, H., Kraus, M.: Die Ansprechbarkeit der lokalen Reabsorptionskapazität im proximalen Konvolut der jungen Rattenniere. Pflügers Arch. 307, R 61–62 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Capek, K., Fernandez, J., Dlouhâ, H.: Natriumresorption im proximalen Konvolut der jungen Rattenniere. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 300, R 24 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Carrasquer, G., Wilczewski, T. W.: Effect of ureteral stop flow on PAH in lumen and cortex homogenate in the rat kidney. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. (N.Y.) 137, 284–291 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Christensen, P., Fredriksen, O.: The effect of some lissamine greens on gall bladder fluid absorption and frog skin sodium transport in vitro. Pflügers Arch. 331, 160171 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Cortell, S., Davidman, M., Gennari, F. J., Schwartz, W. B.: Catheter size as a determinant of outflow resistance and intrarenal pressure. Amer. J. Physiol. 223, 910–915 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Cortell, S., Gennari, F. J., Davidman, M., Bossert, W. H., Schwartz, W. B.: A definition of proximal and distal tubular compliance. J. clin. Invest. 52, 2330–2339 (1973).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Dangerfield, W. G., Smith, E. B.: An investigation of serum lipids and lipoproteins by paper electrophoresis. J. clin. Path. 8, 132–139 (1955).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Davidman, M., Latone, R. C., Alexander, E. A., Levinsky, N. G.: Some micro-puncture techniques in the rat. Amer. J. Physiol. 221, 1110–1114 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Deetjen, P.: Mikropunktionsuntersuchungen zur Wirkung von Furosemid. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 284, 184–190 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Deetjen, P., Boylan, J. W., Kramer, K.: Physiology of the kidney and of water balance. New York: Springer 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Dieterich, H. J., Kriz, W.: Zum Problem der Fixierung des Nierenmarks. Licht-und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Aussenzone der Rattenniere. Acta anat. (Basel) 74, 267–289 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Dirks, J. H., Seely, J. F.: Micropuncture and diuretics. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 9, 73–84 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Discombe, G., Jones, R. F., Winstanley, D. P.: The estimation of y-globulin. J. clin. Path. 7, 106–109 (1954).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Dörge, A., Nagel, W.: Die Wirkung von Lissamingrün auf den Natriumtransport an der isolierten Bauchhaut von Rana temporaria. Pflügers Arch. 313, 11–18 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Edwards, J. G., Marshall, E. K., Jr.: Microscopic observations of the living kidney after the injection of phenolsulphonephthalein. Amer. J. Physiol. 70, 489–495 (1924).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Eisenbach, G. M., Steinhausen, M.: Micropuncture studies after temporary ischemia of rat kidneys. Pflügers Arch. 343, 11–25 (1973).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Elmer, M., Leyssac, P. P.: A study of the effects of some chemically well-defined lissamine greens on tubular and overall renal function in the rat (with an evaluation of the validity of lissamine green transit time measurements in studies of tubular function). Acta physiol. scand. 87, 296–306 (1973).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Faarup, P., Ryo, G., Saelan, H.: Selective capillary vascularization of the nephron in the rat kidney. Acta path. microbiol. scand. 80A, 139–141 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Faarup, P., Saelan, H., Ryo, G.: Correlation between tubules and capillaries and size of interstitial space in the functioning rat kidney. Acta path. microbiol. scand. 79A, 607–616 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Falchuk, K. H., Brenner, B. H., Tadokoro, M., Berliner, R. W.: Oncotic and hydrostatic pressures in peritubular capillaries and fluid reabsorption by proximal tubule. Amer. J. Physiol. 220, 1427–1433 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Fetterman, G. H., Fabrizio, N. S., Studnicki, F. M.: Microdissection of the nephron: The method and its applications. In: Laboratory diagnosis of kidney diseases, ed. by F. W. Sunderman and F. W. Sunderman, Jr. St. Louis: W. H. Green 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Finberg, J. P. M., Peart, W. S.: Renal tubular flow dynamics during angiotensin diuresis in the rat. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 39, 357–372 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Flamenbaum, W., McDonald, F. D., DiBona, G. F., Oken, D. E.: Micropuncture study of renal tubular factors in low dose mercury poisoning. Nephron 8, 221–234 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Frick, A: Proximal tubular reabsorption of inorganic phosphate during saline infusion in the rat. Amer. J. Physiol. 223, 1034–1040 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Frohnert, P. P., Höhmann, B., Zwiebel, R., Baumann, K.: Free flow micropuncture studies of glucose transport in the rat nephron. Pflügers Arch. 315, 66–85 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Frömter, E., Hegel, U.: Transtubuläre Potentialdifferenzen an proximalen und distalen Tubuli der Rattenniere, Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 291, 107–120 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Fülgraff, G., Heidenreich, O.: Mikropunktionsuntersuchungen über die Wirkung von Calciumionen auf die Resorptionskapazität und auf die prozentuale Resorption im proximalen Konvolut von Ratten. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmak. exp. Path. 258, 440–451 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Fülgraff, G., Heidenreich, O., Heintze, K., Osswald, H.: Die Wirkung von a-und ß-Sympathomimetica und Sympatholytica auf die renale Exkretion und Resorption von Flüssigkeit und Elektrolyten in Ausscheidungs-und Mikropunktionsversuchen an Ratten. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmak. exp. Path. 262, 295–308 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Fülgraff, G., Meiforth, A.: Effects of prostaglandin E, on excretion and reabsorption of sodium and fluid in rat kidneys (micropuncture studies). Pflügers Arch. 330, 243–256 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Galaske, R., Galaske, W., Steinhausen, M.: Beeinflussen Passagezeit-Bestimmungen die renale Natrium-Ausscheidung der Ratte? Pflügers Arch. 319, R 78 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Gertz, K.H.: Transtubuläre Natriumchloridflüsse und Permeabilität für Nichtelektrolyte im proximalen und distalen Konvolut der Rattenniere. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 276, 336–356 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Gertz, K. H., Kennedy, G. C., Ullrich, K. J.: Mikropunktionsuntersuchungen über die Flüssigkeitsrückresorption aus den einzelnen Tubulusabschnitten bei Wasserdiurese (Diabetes insipidus). Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 278, 513–519 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Gertz, K. H., Mangos, J. A., Braun, G., Pagel, H. D.: On the glomerular tubular balance in the rat kidney. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 285, 360–372 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Ghiron, M.: Über eine neue Methode mikroskopischer Untersuchung am lebenden Organismus. Zbl. Physiol. 26, 613–617 (1912).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Giebisch, G., Klose, R. M.. Malnic, G., Sullivan, W. J., Windhager, E. E.: Sodium movement across single perfused proximal tubules of rat kidneys. J. Gen. Physiol. 47, 1175–1194 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Gilmore, J. P.: Renal physiology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Goldacre, R. J., Sylven, B.: A rapid method for studying tumor blood supply using systemic dyes. Nature (Lond.) 184, 63–64 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Gottschalk, C. W., Mylle, M.: Micropuncture study of pressures in proximal tubules and peritubular capillaries of the rat kidney and their relation to ureteral and renal venous pressures. Amer. J. Physiol. 185, 430–439 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Gottschalk, C. W., Mylle, M.: Micropuncture study of pressures in proximal and distal tubules and peritubular capillaries of the rat kidney during osmotic diuresis. Amer. J. Physiol. 189, 323–328 (1957).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Green, R., Windhager, E. E., Giebisch, G.: Protein oncotic pressure effects on proximal tubular fluid movement in the rat. Amer. J. Physiol. 226, 265–276 (1974).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Greven, J., Fülgraff, G.: Probleme bei der Bestimmung der prozentualen Resorption aus Halbwertzeit und Passagezeit von proximalen Tubuli von Rattennieren. Pflügers Arch. 315, 38–44 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Griffith, L. D., Bulger, R. E., Trump, B. F.: The ultrastructure of the functioning kidney. Lab. Invest. 16, 220–246 (1967).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Gross, F., Möhring, J.: Renal pharmalogy, with special emphasis on aldosteron and angiotensin. Ann. Rev. Pharm. 13, 57–90 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Grossmann, D. F., Frey, J.: The renal clearance of lissamine green in the rat. In: Progress in nephrology, ed. by G. Peters and F. Roch-Ramel. Berlin-HeidelbergNew York: Springer 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Györy, A. Z.: Reexamination of the split oil droplet method as applied to kidney tubules. Pflügers Arch. 324, 328–343 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Hanssen, O. E.: The relationship between glomerular filtration and length of the proximal convoluted tubules in mice. Acta path. microbiol. scand. 53, 265–279 (1961).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Harris, C. A., Baer, P. G., Chirito, E., Dirks, J. H.: Composition of mammalian glomerular filtrate. Amer. J. Physiol. 227, 972–976 (1974).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Hartman, M. E.: Direct visualization of glomeruli in the immature mouse. Amer. J. Physiol. 180, 163–166 (1955).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Hayslett, J. P., Kashgarian, M., Epstein, F. H.: Changes in proximal and distal tubular reabsorption produced by rapid expansion of extracellular fluid. J. clin. Invest. 46, 1254–1263 (1967).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Heller, J.: Micropuncture study of the mechanism of natriuresis after a short infusion of isotonic saline in rats. Physiol. bohemoslov. 20, 139–145 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Heller, J.: The influence of lissamine green on tubular reabsorption of electrolytes and water in rats. Pflügers Arch. 323, 27–33 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Heller, J., Novâkovâ, A.: Time course of changes of some renal parameters during infusion of isotonic saline solution in rats. Physiol. bohemoslov. 17, 355–367 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Heller, J., Novâkovâ, A.: Proximal tubular reabsorption during renal vasodilation and increased arterial blood pressure in saline loaded rats. Pflügers Arch. 309, 250265 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Henry, L. N., Lane, C. E., Kashgarian, M.: Micropuncture studies of the pathophysiology of acute renal failure in the rat. Lab. Invest. 19, 309–314 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Hierholzer, K., Stolte, H.: The proximal and distal tubular action of adrenal steroids on Na reabsorption. Nephron 6, 188–204 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Hierholzer, K., Ullrich, K. J.: Grundzüge der Nierenphysiologie. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Vol. 24, ed. by H. Herken, p. 1–61. BerlinHeidelberg-New York: Springer 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Hierholzer, K., Wiederholt, M., Stolte, H.: Hemmung der Natriumresorption im proximalen und distalen Konvolut adrenalektomierter Ratten. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 291, 43–62 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Holmberg, B.: On the permeability to lissamine green and other dyes in the course of cell injury and cell death. Exp. Cell Res. 22, 406–414 (1961).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Joppich, R., Deetjen, P.: The relation between the reabsorption of urea and of water in the distal tubule of the rat kidney. Pflügers Arch. 329, 172–185 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Kinter, W. B.: Chlorphenol red influx and efflux: microspectrophotometry of flounder kidney tubules. Amer. J. Physiol. 211, 1152–1164 (1966).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Knox, F. G., Wright, F. S., Howards, S. S., Berliner, R. W.: Effect of furosemide on sodium reabsorption by proximal tubule of the dog. Amer. J. Physiol. 217, 192–198 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Koch, K. M., Aynedjian, H. S., Bank, N.: Effect of acute hypertension on sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule. J. clin. Invest. 47, 1696–1709 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Krause, H. H., Dume, Th., Koch, K. M., Ochwadt, B.: Intratubulärer Druck, glomerulärer Capillardruck und Glomerulumfiltrat nach Furosemid und Hydrochlorothiazid. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 295, 80–89 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Kriz, W.: Histophysiologische Untersuchungen an der Rattenniere bei Sublimatvergiftung. Z. Zellforsch. 57, 914–952 (1962).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Kriz, W., Dieterich, H. J.: Das Lymphgefäss-system der Niere bei einigen Säugetieren. Licht-und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen. Z. Anat. Entwickl.Gesch. 131, 111–147 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Landwehr, D. M., Klose, R. M., Giebisch, G.: Renal tubular sodium and water reabsorption in the isotonic sodium chloride-loaded rat. Amer. J. Physiol. 212, 1327–1333 (1967).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Langer, K. H., Thoenes, W., Wiederholt, M.: Licht-und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am proximalen Tubuluskonvolut der Rattenniere nach intraluminaler Ölinjektion. Pflügers Arch. 302, 149–165 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Lassiter, W. E.: Kidney. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 37, 371–393 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Levine, D. Z., Liebau, G., Fischbach, H., Thurau, K.: Micropuncture studies on the dog kidney. II. Reabsorptive characteristics of the proximal tubule during spontaneous and experimental variations in GFR and during drug induced natriuresis. Pflügers Arch. 304, 365–375 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Lewy, J. E., Windhager, E. E.: Peritubular control of proximal tubular fluid reabsorption in the rat kidney. Amer. J. Physiol. 214, 943–954 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Leyssac, P. P.: Dependence of glomerular filtration rate on proximal tubular reabsorption of salt. Acta physiol. scand. 58, 236–242 (1963).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Leyssac, P. P.: The in vivo effect of angiotensin on the proximal tubular reabsorption of salt in rat kidneys. Acta physiol. scand. 62, 436–448 (1964).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Leyssac, P. P.: The luminal occlusion time of proximal tubules in kidneys of young rats. Acta physiol. scand. 64, 176–181 (1965).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Leyssac, P. P.: The regulation of proximal tubular reabsorption in the mammalian kidney. Acta physiol. scand. 70, Suppl. 291, 11–151 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  107. Leyssac, P. P.: Renal salt and water excretion in different states of an intrarenal control system. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 62. 1111–1116 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Liebau, G., Levine, D. Z., Thurau, K.: Micropuncture studies on the dog kidney 1. The response of the proximal tubule to changes in systemic blood pressure within and below the autoregulatory range. Pflügers Arch. 304, 57–68 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Ljungqvist, A., Wagermark, J.: The adrenergic innervation of intrarenal glomerular and extra-glomerular circulatory routes. Nephron 7, 218–229 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Lockhart, E. A., Dirks, J. H., Carrière, S.: Effects of triflocin on renal tubular reabsorption and blood flow distribution. Amer. J. Physiol. 223, 89–96 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Lowitz, H. D., Stumpe, K. O., Ochwadt, B.: Natrium-und Wasserresorption in den verschiedenen Abschnitten des Nephrons beim experimentellen renalen Hochdruck der Ratte. Pflügers Arch. 304 322–335 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  112. Lowitz, H. D., Stumpe, K. O., Ochwadt, B.: Mikropunktionsuntersuchungen der geklammerten Niere bei einseitig nephrektomierten Ratten mit experimentellem renalen Hochdruck. Pflügers Arch. 309, 212–223 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Lynch, R. E., Schneider, E. G., Strandhoy, J. W., Willis, L. R., Knox, F. G.: Effect of lissamine green dye on renal sodium reabsorption in the dog. J. Appl. Physiol. 35, 169–171 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Maddox, D. A., Deen, W. M., Brenner, B. M.: Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration: VI. Studies in the primate. Kidney Int. 5, 271–278 (1974).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Malnic, G., Enokibara, H., Mllo Aires, M., Vieira, F. L.: Die Wirkung von Furosemid und NaCl-Belastung auf die Chloridausscheidung im Einzelnephron der Rattenniere. Pflügers Arch. 309, 21–37 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Malnic, G., Giebisch, G.: Some electrical properties of distal tubular epithelium in the rat. Amer. J. Physiol. 223, 797–808 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Malvin, R. L., Fusco, M. M.: Renal function in unanesthetized normal and diabetes insipidus rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 22, 380–382 (1967).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Mâlyusz, M., Mendoza-Osorio, V., Ochwadt, B.: Nierenfunktion bei Ratten mit experimentellem DOCA-Hochdruck. Pflügers Arch. 332, 28–39 (1972).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Marshall, E. K., Jr., Vickers, J. L.: The mechanism of the elimination of phenolsulphonephthalein by the kidney; a proof of secretion by the convoluted tubules. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 34, 1–7 (1923).

    Google Scholar 

  120. Maude, D. L. Scott, W. N., Shehadeh, 1., Solomon, A. K.: Further studies on the behavior of inulin and serum albumin in rat kidney tubule. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 285 313–316 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  121. Maunsbach, A. B.: Absorption of P25-labeled homologous albumin by rat kidney proximal tubule cells. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 15, 197–241 (1966).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Maunsbach, A. B.: The influence of different fixatives and fixation methods on the ultrastructure of rat kidney proximal tubule cells. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 15, 242–282 (1966).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Maunsbach, A. B.: Observations on the segmentation of the proximal tubule in the rat kidney. Comparison of results from phase contrast, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 16, 239–258 (1966).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Maunsbach, A. B., Madden, S. C., Latta, H.: Variations in fine structure of renal tubular epithelium under different condition of fixation. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 6, 511–530 (1962).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Meng, K.: Mikropunktionsuntersuchungen über die saluretische Wirkung von Hydrochlorothiazid, Acetazolamid und Furosemid. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 257, 355–371 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Morel, F., Murayama, Y.: Simultaneous measurement of unidirectional and net sodium fluxes in microperfused rat proximal tubules. Pflügers Arch. 320, 1–23 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Morel, F., Rouffignac, C. de: Kidney. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 35, 17–54 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Morgan, T., Berliner, R. W.: Permeability of the loop of Henle, vasa recta and collecting duct to water, urea and sodium. Amer. J. Physiol. 215, 108–115 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Müller, H.: Über die Entstehung von UV-Stasen in den Kapillaren der Froschschwimmhaut. Z. Biol. 113, 9–38 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  130. Nakajima, K., Clapp, J. R., Robinson, R. R.: Limitations of the shrinking-drop micropuncture technique. Amer. J. Physiol. 219, 345–357 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Netter, H.: Theoretische Biochemie. Physikalisch-chemische Grundlagen der Lebensvorgänge. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Oelert, H., Baumann, K., Gekle, D.: Permeabilitätsmessungen einiger schwacher organischer Säuren aus dem distalen Konvolut der Rattenniere. Pflügers Arch. 307, 178–189 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Oliver, J.: Nephrons and kidneys. New York: Hoeber 1968

    Google Scholar 

  134. Orloff, J., Berliner, R. W., Editors: Handbook of Physiology, Sect. 8: Renal physiology. Washington, D. C.: American Physiological Society 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Orloff, J., Burg, M.: Kidney. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 33, 83–130, (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Ott, C. E., Navar, L. G., Guyton, A. C.: Pressures in static and dynamic states from capsules implanted in the kidney. Amer. J. Physiol. 221, 394–400 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Parekh, N., Ehrlich, J., Steinhausen, M.: Pattern of oxygen tension in the renal surface of rats. Proc. 26th Int. Physiol. Congr. 11, 343 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  138. Parekh, N., Popa, G., Galaske, R., Galaske, W., Steinhausen, M.: Renal test dyes. I. Physical and chemical properties of some dyes suitable for renal passage time measurements. Pflügers Arch. 343, 1–9 (1973).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Parekh, N., Popa, G., Steinhausen, M.: Renal test dyes. III. Effect of dyes suitable for renal passage time measurements on renal function. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. Physiol. 364, 77–81 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Pease, D. C.: Electron microscopy of the vascular bed of the kidney cortex. Anat. Rec. 121, 701–721 (1955).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Pease, D. C.: Electron microscopy of the tubular cells of the kidney cortex. Anat. Rec. 121, 723–743 (1955).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Persson, A. E. G., Agerup, B., Schnermann, J.: The effect of luminal application of colloids on rat proximal tubular net fluid flux. Kidney Int. 2, 203–213 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Peter, K.: Untersuchungen über Bau und Entwicklung der Niere. Jena: Gustav Fischer 1927.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Pitts, R. F.: Physiology of the kidney and body fluids, 3rd ed. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Popa, G., Parekh, N., Steinhausen, M.: Renal test dyes. II. Renal handling of dyes suitable for renal passage time measurements. Pflügers Arch. 350, 273–280 (1974).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Rector, F. C., Jr., Brunner, F. P., Seldin, D. W.: Mechanism of glomerulotubular balance. I. Effect of aortic constriction and elevated ureteropelvic pressure on glomerular filtration rate, fractional reabsorption, transit time, and tubular size in the proximal tubule of the rat. J. clin. Invest. 45, 590–602 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  147. Rector, F. C., Jr., Martinez-Maldonado, M., Kurtzman, N. A., Sellman, J. C., Oerther, F., Seldin, D. W.: Demonstration of a hormonal inhibitor of proximal tubular reabsorption during expansion of extracellular volume with isotonic saline. J. clin. Invest. 47, 761–773 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Rennick, B. R.: Renal excretion of drugs: Tubular transport and metabolism. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 12, 141–156 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Roch-Ramel, F., Chométy, F., Peters, G.: Urea concentrations in tubular fluid and in renal tissue of nondiuretic rats. Amer. J. Physiol. 215, 429–438 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Roch-Ramel, F., Diézi, J., Chométy, F., Michoud, P., Peters, G.: Disposal of large urea overloads by the rat kidney: a micropuncture study. Amer. J. Physiol. 218, 1524–1532 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Roch-Ramel, F., Jotterand, N.: Natriuretic effect of lissamine green. Experientia (Basel) 26, 683 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  152. Rodicio, J., Herrera-Acosta, J., Sellman, J. C., Rector, F. C., Jr., Seldin, D. W.: Studies on glomerulotubular balance during aortic constriction, ureteral obstruction and venous occlusion in hydropenic and saline-loaded rats. Nephron 6, 437–456 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Rollhäuser, H.: Untersuchungen über den örtlichen und zeitlichen Ablauf der Phenolrot-Ausscheidung in den Tubuli der unbeeinflußten Rattenniere. Z. Zell-forsch. 51, 348–355 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  154. Rostgaard, J., Thuneberg, L.: Electron microscopical observations on the brush border of proximal tubule cells of mammalian kidney. Z. Zellforsch. 132, 473–496 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Schneider, E. G., Dresser, T. P., Lynch, R. E., Knox, F. G.: Glomerulotubular balance in dogs with chronic salt retention. Nephron 8, 46–56 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Schneider, E. G., Dresser, T. P., Lynch, R. E., Knox, F. G.: Sodium reabsorption by proximal tubule of dogs with experimental heart failure. Amer. J. Physiol. 220, 952–957 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Schneider, E. G., Lynch, R. E., Willis, L. R., Knox, F. G.: Single-nephron filtration rate in the dog. Amer. J. Physiol. 222, 667–673 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Schnermann, J.: Microperfusion study of single short loops of Henle in rat kidney. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 300, 255–282 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Schnermann, J., Horster, M., Levine, D. Z.: The influence of sampling technique on the micropuncture determination of GFR and reabsorptive characteristics of single rat proximal tubules. Pflügers Arch. 309, 48–58 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Schnermann, J., Levine, D. Z., Horster, M.: A direct evaluation of the Gertz hypothesis on single rat proximal tubules in vivo: Failure of the tubular volume to be the sole determinant of the reabsorptive rate. Pflügers Arch. 308, 149–165 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Schuermann, J., Wahl, M., Liebau, G., Fischbach, H.: Balance between tubular flow rate and net fluid reabsorption in the proximal convolution of the rat kidney. I. Dependency of reabsorptive net fluid flux upon proximal tubular surface area at spontaneous variations of filtration rate. Pflügers Arch. 304, 90–103 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  162. Schnermann, J., Wright, F. S., Davis, J. M., Stackelberg, W. v., Grill, G.: Regulation of superficial nephron filtration rate by tubulo-glomerular feedback. Pflügers Arch. 318, 147–175 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Schulz, V., Schwarz, W., Hutten, H.: Vergleichende Durchblutungsmessungen an der Rattenniere zur Reproduzierbarkeit von Kr-85-Auswaschkurven. Pflügers Arch. 312, 206–219 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Schweizer, H. R.: Künstliche organische Farbstoffe und ihre Zwischenprodukte. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  165. Solomon, S.: Pressure and flow in proximal tubules of rat kidneys. Experientia (Basel) 18, 37 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Sperber, I.: Studies on the mammalian kidney. Zool. Bidrag Uppsala 22, 249–432 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  167. Spinelli, F. R., Wirz, H., Brücher, Ch., Pehling, G.: Nonexistence of shunts between afferent and efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary glomeruli in dog and rat kidneys. Nephron 9, 123–128 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Spitzer, A., Windhager, E. E.: Effect of peritubular oncotic pressure changes on proximal tubular fluid reabsorption. Amer. J. Physiol. 218, 1188–1193 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. Steinhausen, M.: Eine Methode zur Differenzierung proximaler und distaler Tubuli der Nierenrinde von Ratten in vivo und ihre Anwendung zur Bestimmung tubulärer Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 277, 23–35 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  170. Steinhausen, M.: In vivo-Beobachtungen an der Nierenpapille von Goldhamstern nach intravenöser Lissamingrün-Injektion. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 279, 195–213 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Steinhausen, M.: Der tubuläre Harnstrom (dargestellt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung intravitalmikroskopischer Untersuchungen an Ratten-, Katzen-und Goldhamsternieren). Habil.-Schrift, Heidelberg 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  172. Steinhausen, M.: Mikrozirkulation von Lissamingrün in der Warmblüterniere. Film D 886 and accompanying publication. Inst. wiss. Film, Göttingen 1965/1966.

    Google Scholar 

  173. Steinhausen, M.: Ausscheidung von Eiweisszylindern durch das Sammelrohrsystem des Goldhamsters. In: Aktuelle Probleme der Nephrologie. Berlin-HeidelbergNew York: Springer 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  174. Steinhausen, M.: Dextran und tubulärer Harnstrom. In: Genese und Therapie des hämorrhagischen Schocks. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  175. Steinhausen, M.: Messungen des tubulären Harnstromes und der tubulären Re-absorption unter erhöhtem Ureterdruck. Intravitalmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Nierenrinde von Ratten. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 298, 105–130 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Steinhausen, M.: Tubuläre Resorption an der Nierenoberfläche der Ratte (Split drop). Film E 1680 and accompanying publication. Inst. wiss. Film, Göttingen 1971/1972.

    Google Scholar 

  177. Steinhausen, M.: Further information on the cortical countercurrent system in rat kidney. Yale J. Biol. Med. 45, 451–456 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Steinhausen, M.: Physiologie. Eine Einführung in das Basiswissen. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Steinhausen, M., Eisenbach, G. M.: Glomeruläre Filtration und Mikrozirkulation der Rattenniere. Film E 1679 T and accompanying publication. Inst. wiss. Film, Göttingen 1971/1972.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Steinhausen, M., Eisenbach, G. M., Böttcher, W.: High-frequency microcinematographic measurements on peritubular blood flow under control conditions and after temporary ischemia of rat kidneys. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 339, 273–288 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Steinhausen, M., Eisenbach, G. M., Galaske, R.: Counter-current system in the renal cortex of rats. Science 167, 1631–1633 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Steinhausen, M., Eisenbach, G. M., Galaske, R.: A counter-current system of the surface of the renal cortex of rats. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 318, 244–258 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Steinhausen, M., Eisenbach, G. M., Helmstädter, V.: Concentration of lissamine green in proximal tubules of antidiuretic and mercury poisoned rats and the permeability of these tubules. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 311, 1–15 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. a. Steinhausen, M., Hill, E., Parekh, N.: Intravital microscopical studies of the tubular urine flow in the conscious rat. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 362, 261–264 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  185. Steinhausen, M., Iravani, I., Schubert, G. E., Taugner, R.: Auflichtmikroskopie und Histologie der Tubulusdimensionen bei verschiedenen Diuresezuständen. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 336, 503–527 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Steinhausen, M., Loreth, A., Olson, S.: Messungen des tubulären Harnstromes, seine Beziehungen zum Blutdruck und zur Inulin-clearance. Intravitalmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Nierenrinde von Ratten und Katzen. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 286, 118–141 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Steinhausen, M., Müller, P., Parekh, N.: Renal test dyes 1V. Intravital fluorescence microscopy and microphotometry of the tubularly secreted dye sulfonefluorescein. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 364, 83–89 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Steinhausen, M., Parekh, N., Popa, G.: Further studies on the cortical countercurrent system in the rat kidney. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 343, R 94 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  189. Steinhausen, M., Weidinger, H.: Durchblutungsänderung an der Nierenoberfläche unter Sympathikus-Reizung. Film E 1681 and accompanying publication. Inst. wiss. Film. Göttingen 1971 ’ 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  190. Steinhausen, M., Weidinger, H., Ross, H. J., Eisenbach, G. M.: Incident-light microscopy of the renal surface during stimulation of the sympathetic renal nerves. In: Progress in nephrology, ed. by G. Peters and F. Roch-Ramel. Berlin-HeidelbergNew York: Springer 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  191. Stolte, H. Wiederholt, M., Fuchs, G., Hierholzer, K.: Time course of development of transtubular sodium concentration differences in proximal surface tubules of the rat kidney. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 313, 252–270 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  192. Stumpe, K. O., Lowitz, H. D., Ochwadt, B.: Mikropunktionsuntersuchung am distalen Tubulus beim Goldblatt-Hochdruck der Ratte. Pflügers Arch. 304, 336–350 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  193. Stumpe, K. O., Lowitz, H. D., Ochwadt, B.: Function of juxtamedullary nephrons in normotensive and chronically hypertensive rats. Pflügers Arch. 313, 43–52 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  194. Stumpe, K. O., Lowitz, H. D., Ochwadt, B.: Beschleunigte Natriurese und Diurese beim Hochdruck: Folge einer Resorptionshemmung in der Henleschen Schleife. Pflügers Arch. 330, 290–301 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  195. Stumpe, K. O., Ochwadt, B.: Wirkungen von Aldosteron auf die Natrium-und Wasserresorption im proximalen Tubulus bei chronischer Kochsalzbelastung. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 300, 148–160 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Suzuki, A.: Micropuncture study of distal tubular function of cat kidney. Jap. J. Pharmacol. 21, 75–85 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  197. Tanner, G. A., Klose, R. M.: Micropuncture study of inulin reabsorption in Necturus kidney. Amer. J. Physiol. 211, 1036–1038 (1966).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  198. Tanner, G. A., Selkurt, E. E.: Kidney function in the squirrel monkey before and after hemorrhagic hypotension. Amer. J. Physiol. 219, 597–603 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  199. Thiel, G., McDonald, F. D., Oken, D. E.: Micropuncture studies of the basis for protection of renin depleted rats from glycerol induced acute renal failure. Nephron 7, 67–79 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  200. Thoenes, W., Hierholzer, K., Wiederholt, M.: Gezielte Fixierung von Nieren-tubuli in vivo durch Mikroperfusion zur licht-und elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchung. Klin. Wschr. 43, 794–795 (1965).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  201. Thoenes, W., Langer, K. H., Warning, A.: Funktionsmorphologische Studien zur energetischen Insuffizienz des Nierentubulus. Untersuchungen an der Rattenniere nach Oberflächenbetropfung mit Kaliumcyanid. Klin. Wschr. 46, 696–708 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  202. Thurau, K., Deetjen, P.: Kinematographische Untersuchungen am Warmblüternephron. Nachr. Akad. Wiss. Göttingen, Math. Phys. KI. H 2, 27–37 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  203. Tisher, C. C., Bulger, R. E., Valtin, H.: Morphology of renal medulla in water diuresis and vasopressin-induced antidiuresis. Amer. J. Physiol. 220, 87–94 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  204. Trendelenburg, W.: Der Gesichtssinn. Grundzüge der physiologischen Optik, 2nd edition. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  205. Valtin, H.: Renal function: Mechanisms preserving fluid and solute balance in health. Boston: Little, Brown 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  206. Van Liew, J. B., Deetjen, P., Boylan, J. W.: Glucose reabsorption in the rat kidney. Dependence on glomerular filtration. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 295, 232–244 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  207. Vieira, F. L., Malnic, G.: Hydrogen ion secretion by renal cortical tubules as studied by an antimony microelectrode. Amer. J. Physiol. 214, 710–718 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  208. Wahl, M., Liebau, G., Fischbach, H., Schnermann, J.: Balance between tubular flow rate and net fluid reabsorption in the proximal convolution of the rat kidney. II. Reabsorptive characteristics during constriction of the renal artery. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 304, 297–314 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Wahl, M., Nagel, W., Fischbach, H., Thurau, K.: On the application of the occlusion time method for measurements of lateral net fluxes in the proximal convolution of the rat kidney. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 298, 141–153 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Walker, A. M., Oliver, J.: Methods for the collection of fluid from single glomeruli and tubules of the mammalian kidney. Amer. J. Physiol. 134, 562–579 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Wallin, J. D., Blantz, R. C., Katz, M. A., Andreucci, V. E., Rector, F. C., Jr., Sel-din, D. W.: Effect of saline diuresis on intrarenal blood flow in the rat. Amer. J. Physiol. 221, 1297–1304 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  212. Walther, D., Lindemann, G.: Morphologische supravitale Veränderungen der Niere bei Diurese und Antidiurese. Virchows Arch. Abt. B 4, 176–187 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Walther, D., Schoeppe, W.: Der Einfluß des intratubulären Druckes auf die Tubulusweite unter normalen und pathologischen Bedingungen. Klin. Wschr. 43, 1092–1094 (1965).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  214. Wardener, H. E. de: Control of sodium reabsorption. Brit med. J. 3, 611–616, 676–683 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  215. Weiner, I. M.: Excretion of drugs by the kidney. In: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 28, No. 1, ed. by B. B. Brodie and J. R. Gillette, pp. 328–353. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  216. Weiner, M. W., Weinman, E. J., Kashgarian, M., Hayslett, J. P.: Accelerated reabsorption in the proximal tubule produced by volume depletion. J. clin. Invest. 50, 1379–1385 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  217. Weinman, E. J., Kashgarian, M., Hayslett, J. P.: Role of peritubular protein concentration in sodium reabsorption. Amer. J. Physiol. 221, 1521–1528 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  218. Weinstein, S. W.: Proximal tubular energy metabolism, sodium transport, and permeability in the rat. Amer. J. Physiol. 219, 978–981 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  219. Weinstein, S. W., Klose, R. M.: Micropuncture studies on energy metabolism and sodium transport in the mammalian nephron. Amer. J. Physiol. 217, 498–504 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  220. Welling L. W., Grantham, J. J.: Physical properties of isolated perfused renal tubules and tubular basement membranes. J. clin. Invest. 51, 1063–1075 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  221. Wesson, L. G., Jr.: Physiology of the human kidney. New York: Grune and Stratton 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  222. Wiederholt, M., Hierholzer, K., Windhager, E. E., Giebisch, G.: Microperfusion study of fluid reabsorption in proximal tubules of rat kidney. Amer. J. Physiol. 213, 809–818 (1967).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  223. Wiederholt, M., Langer, K. H., Thoenes, W., Hierholzer, K.: Funktionelle und morphologische Untersuchungen am proximalen und distalen Konvolut der Rattenniere zur Methode der gespaltenen Ölsäule (Split-Oil Droplet Method). Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 302, 166–191 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Wiederholt, M., Stolte, H., Brecht, J. P., Hierholzer, K.: Mikropunktionsuntersuchungen über den Einfluß von Aldosteron, Cortison und Dexamethason auf die renale Natriumresorption adrenalektomierter Ratten. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 292, 316–333 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Willis, L. R., Schneider, E. G., Lynch, R. E., Knox, F. G.: Effect of chronic alteration of sodium balance on reabsorption by proximal tubule of the dog. Amer. J. Physiol. 223, 34–39 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  226. Windhager, E. E.: Micropuncture techniques and nephron function. London: Butterworths 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  227. Windhager, E. E.: Kidney, water and electrolytes. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 31, 117–172 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Windhager, E. E., Lewy, J. E., Spitzer, A.: Intrarenal control of proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium and water. Nephron 6, 247–259 (1969).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  229. Winkel, K. zum, Hallwachs, O., Steinhausen, M.: Kameraszintigraphie und Isotopennephrographie an der Hundeniere und deren Überprüfung durch die lntravitalmikroskopie. Fortschr. Röntgenstr. 108, 382–393 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  230. Wirz, H., Hargitay, B., Kuhn, W.: Lokalisation des Konzentrierungsprozesses in der Niere durch direkte Kryoskopie. HeIv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 9, 196–207 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Wright, F. S.: Increasing magnitude of electrical potential along the renal distal tubule. Amer. J. Physiol. 220, 624–638 (1971).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  232. Wright, F. S., Giebisch, G.: Glomerular filtration in single nephrons. Kidney Int. 1, 201–209 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  233. Yarger, W. W., Aynedjian, H. S., Bank, N.: A micropuncture study of post-obstructive diuresis in the rat. J. clin. Invest. 51, 625–637 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Dedicated to Hans Schaefer, Dr. med., em. Professor of Physiology, University of Heidelberg on his 70th anniversary (August 13th, 1976).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1976 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Steinhausen, M., Tanner, G.A. (1976). Microcirculation and Tubular Urine Flow in the Mammalian Kidney Cortex (in vivo Microscopy). In: Microcirculation and Tubular Urine Flow in the Mammalian Kidney Cortex (in vivo Microscopy). Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, vol 1976 / 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46340-2_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46340-2_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-07819-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-46340-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics