Zusammenfassung
Wesentliche Schnittstellen von Sucht und Schizophrenie ergeben sich zum einen im Bereich der klinischen Arbeit, zum anderen aber auch im Bereich der Erforschung biologischer Grundlagen dieser beiden Erkrankungen. Im klinischen Bereich hat sich gezeigt, daß Patienten mit Doppeldiagnosen eine besondere therapeutische Herausforderung darstellen. Ein Problem stellt hier ein deutliches Defizit an empirischen Daten dar, unter anderem zur gegenseitigen pathogenetischen und pathoplastischen Beeinflussung von Sucht und Schizophrenie. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind die suchtmittelinduzierten schizophrenieformen Psychosen, therapeutisch wegen der guten Prognose im Falle von Suchtmittelabstinenz und aus der Sicht der Forschung, weil sie möglicherweise ein Ansatzpunkt zum Verständnis von zugrundeliegenden biologischen Mechanismen bilden. In den Untersuchungen der neurobiologischen Mechanismen der Sucht spielt gegenwärtig das dopaminerge mesolimbische System die zentrale Rolle. Wichtige Tiermodelle zur Schizophrenie beruhen auf der Gabe von Amphetaminen oder an deren Manipulationen des dopaminergen mesolimbischen Systems. Seit einigen Jahren spielen Untersuchungen langfristiger Adaptationsprozesse in Form der Sensitivierung eine bedeutende Rolle. Man erhofft sich dadurch nicht nur Erkenntnisse über die Entwicklung der Sucht, sondern auch über Mechanismen, die zur Ausbildung der schizophrenen Erkrankung führen.
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Schütz, C.G., Soyka, M. (1997). Modellpsychosen, Rauschdrogen, Komorbidität von Sucht und Schizophrenie — Kann die Schizophrenieforschung von der Suchtforschung profitieren?. In: Soyka, M., Möller, HJ. (eds) Alkoholismus als psychische Störung. Bayer-ZNS-Symposium, vol 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45764-7_6
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