Abstract
The movement of liquids that are immiscible with water through the vadose zone as well as below the water table (Figure 1) is an important part of contaminant hydrogeology. NAPLs may have greater densities (Dense NAPLs, or DNAPLs) than water or densities less than water (Light NAPLs, or LNAPLs). They may be partially soluble in water so that a dissolved phase as well as the nonaqueous phase may be present. Two phase flow may occur below the water table including water and DNAPL (Figure 1a). Three-phase flow may occur in the vadose zone with air, water and NAPL phases (Figure 1b). NAPLs are generally hazardous, and therefore require that time consuming precautions be taken when performing controlled laboratory (column, bench and technical scale experiments) and field experiments.
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Helmig, R., Emmert, M., Sheta, H. (1996). Problems and Issues of Constitutive Relationships Needed for Accurate Modelling of Multiphase Flow in Heterogenous Porous Media. In: Kobus, H., Barczewski, B., Koschitzky, HP. (eds) Groundwater and Subsurface Remediation. Environmental Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45750-0_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45750-0_16
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