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Tissue Engineering of Vascularized Adipose Tissue for Soft Tissue Reconstruction

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Abstract

The coverage of extensive soft tissue defects following trauma, tumor resection, or excessive debridement presents a major challenge in plastic surgery. Despite success in recent decades with the innovation of microsurgery techniques and the related expansion of soft tissue resources, disadvantages of donor site morbidity and unreliable outcome still limit the enthusiasm for these procedures. The desire for engineered tissues to circumvent these difficulties has inspired numerous investigators across various scientific disciplines. In this respect, adipose tissue has been of increasing interest, due to its comparably basic architecture and high plasticity that make it suitable for universal soft tissue coverage. There is general agreement that adequate adipogenesis may be achieved solely under circumstances of adequate angiogenesis. However, approaches to achieve the ultimate goal of perfused adipose tissue are diverse and varied with a growing cache ranging from deployment of growth factors, matrix, or scaffold systems; injectable composite systems; varying nutrient vessel configurations; chamber spaces; and external tissue expansion—all with and without the application of precursor cells. Major developments in the areas of these assorted approaches will be reviewed as progress toward achieving ideally engineered vascularized adipose tissue is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Applied Stem Cell Research Center, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany

    Silvan M. Klein M.D., Lukas Prantl M.D. & Juergen H. Dolderer M.D.

  2. Department of Molecular Pathology, UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 951, 7435 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77054, USA

    Jody Vykoukal Ph.D.

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  1. Silvan M. Klein M.D.
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  2. Jody Vykoukal Ph.D.
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  3. Lukas Prantl M.D.
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  4. Juergen H. Dolderer M.D.
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Correspondence to Juergen H. Dolderer M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Surgery, Newport Specialty Hospital, Tustin, California, USA

    Melvin A. Shiffman

  2. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marche Polytechnic University Medical School, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy

    Alberto Di Giuseppe

  3. Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

    Franco Bassetto

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Klein, S.M., Vykoukal, J., Prantl, L., Dolderer, J.H. (2014). Tissue Engineering of Vascularized Adipose Tissue for Soft Tissue Reconstruction. In: Shiffman, M., Di Giuseppe, A., Bassetto, F. (eds) Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45207-9_3

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