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Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures pp 203–218Cite as

Adipose-Derived Stem and Regenerative Cells as Fillers in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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Abstract

Plastic surgeons are keenly aware of the axiom of “replacing like with like.” Accordingly, autologous fat grafting (AFG) is frequently used as filler for a variety of soft-tissue cosmetic and reconstructive indications. Retention of the graft is dependent upon integration of the implanted adipose tissue with recipient site tissues, through a process that has many similarities to wound healing. However, graft retention, and hence the clinical success of AFG, is often limited. This appears to be due in large part to differences in technique during tissue harvest, processing, and reimplantation, which result in impairment of the graft healing process. Adipose-derived stem and regenerative cells (ADRCs) contain several different types of cell, including adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), endothelial cells and their progenitors, smooth muscle cells, preadipocytes, and immune regulatory cells. In addition, ADRCs can secrete multiple growth factors and cytokines, which have pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects. These characteristics suggest the potential for ADRCs to improve integration of the fat graft with recipient site tissue. In this chapter, we will summarize the composition of adipose-derived stem and regenerative cells, as well as their potential therapeutic mechanisms. Additionally, automated devices will be introduced that are capable of generating clinical-grade ADRCs in real time for plastic and reconstructive surgical applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their appreciation to Nicole Dean and Amalia Prada for their assistance in preparation for this manuscript.

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  1. Cytori Therapeutics, Inc., 3020 Callan Road, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA

    Min Zhu M.D., Douglas M. Arm Ph.D. & John K. Fraser Ph.D.

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  1. Min Zhu M.D.
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Correspondence to Min Zhu M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Surgery, Newport Specialty Hospital, Tustin, California, USA

    Melvin A. Shiffman

  2. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marche Polytechnic University Medical School, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy

    Alberto Di Giuseppe

  3. Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

    Franco Bassetto

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Zhu, M., Arm, D.M., Fraser, J.K. (2014). Adipose-Derived Stem and Regenerative Cells as Fillers in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. In: Shiffman, M., Di Giuseppe, A., Bassetto, F. (eds) Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45207-9_14

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